1、Section B Discovering Useful Structures 1. forward move forward 向前移动 step forward 向前迈步 put forward 提出 backward adv. 向后地 adj. 向后的 afterward adv. 然后；后来 upward adv. 向上；往上 downward adv. 向下地；下降地 outward adv. 向外地；在外 adj. 外面的 inward adv. 向内地；内部地 adj. 向内的；内部的 练习：Slow down and think what can help you _. move
2、 forward 2. look forward to look forward to 表示“盼望，期待”，该结构中to为介词，故 其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。 但look forward作“向前看”讲时，后可接动词不定式作目的 状语。 练习：We are _ your early reply. looking forward to 含含look的常用短语：的常用短语： look after 照料 look back on 回顾 look into 调查 look through 浏览 look out for 注意，当心，留意 look up to 仰慕，尊敬 look
3、ahead 向前看；为将来打算 look down on/upon 瞧不起，看不起 look onas 把看作 look around 环视 look up 查找 带介词带介词to的常用短语的常用短语： stick to 坚持 lead to 导致；通向 object to 反对 refer to 参考；涉及；提到 belong to 属于 be used to 习惯于 devote to 致力于奉献于 pay attention to 注意 be accustomed to 习惯于 3. come true 切记：come true不用于被动语态。 May all your dreams c
4、ome true! 祝你所有的梦想都成真！ realize 和come true 均可以表示“实现”。realize为及物动词，后可跟宾语； 而come true为不及物动词短语，后不可跟宾语。come true相当于be realized. come about 发生 come along 快点；一道去；进展 come back 回来；折回 come down 下来；下降 come from 来自；出身于 练习：His dream of taking part in the Olympics _ at last. came true Do you know these basic compo
5、nents of sentences? S (subject) V (verb) O (object) P (predicative) A (adverbial) DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) C (object complement) Look at these sentences and find out the basic components of the sentences. What kind of component is each underlined part in the sentences? 1.1 A boy read
6、a book. 1.2 She is my sister. 1.3 Mr. Wang is a teacher. Information: a noun/pronoun/name for a subject 小结1：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲 述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由 名词、代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当。 2.1 A fish can swim. 2.2 A tiger eats meat. 2.3 He doesnt like fruit. Information: different verb forms 小结2：谓语说明或描述主语的动作、状态或
7、特征，由 动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。 3.1 Lions eat meat. 3.2 I like it. 3.3 He called Tom. Information: a noun/pronoun/name for an object 小结3：宾语是指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、 代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。 4.1 He looks fine. 4.2 You are happy. 4.3 He became a teacher. Information: link verb +predicative (adj. /n.) 小结4：表语表示主语的身份、性
8、质、状态和特征，一 般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或 句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句 子的谓语。 5.1 He lives in Shenzhen. 5.2 You go to school by bus. 5.3 We like English very much. Information: adverbs, prepositional phrases 小结5：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整 个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或 句子充当。 6.1 He gave me a pen. 6.2 We bought him a gift.
9、6. 3 He wrote me a letter. Information: a noun/pronoun /name for indirect object and direct object 小结6：在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫直接 宾语 direct object（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫间接 宾语(indirect object)。 7.1 The war made him a hero. 7.2 The fire left him homeless. 7.3 He found his glasses broken. Information: complement 小结7：
10、宾语补足语用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般 由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。 S (subject) V (verb) O (object) P (predicative) A (adverbial) DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) C (object complement) Basic components of a sentence 主语 谓语动词 宾语 表语 状语 直接宾语 间接宾语 宾语补足语 Study the sentence structures. Sentence structureSentence SVAll of us lau
11、ghed! SVOI miss my grandma. SPThe teacher was kind and friendly. S V IO DOHe told us a funny story. SVOCI found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. SVAHe talked too much. SVOAI had my first maths class at senior high school. There beTheres a lot to explore at senior high. Read t
12、he sentences and analyze the structures. Sentence structureSentence The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. We must act. The maths homework looks easy. The teacher found the classroom empty. My mum bought me a new dictionary. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student
13、. There is an English Corner at our school. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. SVA SV SP SVOC S V IO DO SVO There be SVOA Read the passage and analyze the structures of the underlined sentences. How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has c
14、ome true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always s
15、omething exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! 1. that dream has come true! 2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! 3. They also learn about shi
16、ps and the sea. S V S V A S V O 4. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. 5. Theres always something exciting to do. 6. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. S V IO DO S P V IO DO There be 1. 我们叫她 Alice. _ 2. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 _ 3. 他们把小偷释放了。 _ 4. 我
17、要你把真相告诉我。 _ We call her Alice. We all consider him to be honest. They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. 5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 _ 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 _ 7. 他每个月理一次发。 _ 8. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 _ The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night.
