1、Section Discovering Useful Structures Discovering Useful Structures subject: the noun group that refers to the person or thing that is doing the action expressed by the verb. 主语是句子陈述或说明的对象，是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如： My cat keeps catching birds. my cat 为主语 object: the word or phrase which completes the struct
2、ure begun by the verb or preposition. 宾语完成由动词或介词开始的结构的单词或短语，如： They asked to see my passport. to see my passport是动词asked的宾语，这是动宾结构 Did you write down what he said? what he said是介词down的宾语，这是介宾结构 verb: word which is used with a subject to say what someone or something does or what happens to them, or
3、to give information about them. 谓语动词与主语连用，表示某人或某事 做了什么或发生了什么，如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. were produced为谓语动词 predicative: 是指说明主语的身份、特征和状态的词或从句，表语常放在be动词后，由 名词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式来充当，如： Our duty is to make our environment better. to make 作表语 subject: the noun group that refers t
4、o the person or thing that is doing the action expressed by the verb. 主语是句子陈述或说明的对象，是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如： My cat keeps catching birds. my cat 为主语 object: the word or phrase which completes the structure begun by the verb or preposition. 宾语完成由动词或介词开始的结构的单词或短语，如： They asked to see my passport. to see my p
5、assport是动词asked的宾语，这是动宾结构 Did you write down what he said? what he said是介词down的宾语，这是介宾结构 verb: word which is used with a subject to say what someone or something does or what happens to them, or to give information about them. 谓语动词与主语连用，表示某人或某事 做了什么或发生了什么，如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced l
6、ast year. were produced为谓语动词 Discovering Useful Structures adverbial: 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步及方式等的副词、介 词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。 如： The boy was praised for his bravery. for his bravery是介词短语，在句中作原因状语 direct object: directly affected by or involved in the action performed by the subject，直接 受主
7、语行为影响或参与主体行为的物，如： She wrote me a letter. a letter为直接宾语，受动词wrote的直接影响 indirect objectve: used with a transitive verb to indicate who benefits from an action or gets something as a result，表示从一个动作中受益或因此得到某物的人，如： Show me your ticket. me为间接宾语，your ticket是直接宾语 object complement: 用在宾语语之后补充说明宾语情况的成分，它由名词、形容
8、词、副 词、动词不定式等构成，与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，如： I find learning English difficult. difficult是宾补，与宾语learning English是逻辑主谓关系 I saw the kite up and down. up and down是宾补，与宾语the kite是逻辑主谓关系 简单句基本句型简单句基本句型 主谓：主谓：主语主语+谓语谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物。谓语一般是不及物 动词。动词。 eg Linda smiled. The baby is sleeping. 主系表：主系表：主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语(SP)。
9、eg They are friends. The dish smells good. 主谓宾：主谓宾：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(SVO)。谓语是及。谓语是及 物动词。物动词。 eg Mike will fix everything. Jeff loves swimming. 主谓宾宾：主谓宾宾：主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (SVOO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。 eg Alex gave his sister the piano. Mary handed me the letter. 主谓宾补：主谓宾补：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语
10、+补语补语(SVOC)。谓。谓 语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。 eg I found the book easy. They called their daughter Amy. There be：There +be +主语主语+其它。主语是其后其它。主语是其后 的名词，的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。 除除be外，外，sound, look, seem, appear, lie, stand等，也可用于此结构。等，也可用于此结构。 eg There is a book on the table. There seems to
11、be something wrong with me. 由由SV和和SVO扩展：扩展： 主谓状：主谓状：主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语(SVA)。谓语为不。谓语为不 及物动词。及物动词。 eg He talked too much. 主谓宾状：主谓宾状：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语(SVOA)。 eg I had my first maths class at senior high school. practice: 判断下列句子的基本结构 1.The bread tastes delicious. 2.I will spend the summer holiday in the v
12、illage. 3.He bought me a birthday present. 4.I could not make him change his mind. 5.We finished our homework. 6.He got up very late. 7.There is some milk in the bottle. 8.The baby cried. 1.The bread tastes delicious. 2.I will spend the summer holiday in the village. 3.He bought me a birthday presen
13、t. 4.I could not make him change his mind. S P AOVS OCOVS VS OOC 5.We finished our homework. 6.He got up very late. 7.There is some milk in the bottle. 8.The baby cried. V There be AVS OVS S What Playing have finished are planting training living working who/that interesting Luckily is happy carried
14、 Naturally where how to get bought him asked me to answer Lets practise Exercise 1: Read the sentences and analyse the structures. (1) I have learning goals. (2) He works hard. (3) He never watches TV at night. (4) A fish swims. (5) I was writing him an email. (6) They left the boy starved to death.
15、 You feel tired. (7)There were some children on the playground. (1) I have learning goals. (SVO) (2) He works hard. (SVA) (3) He never watches TV at night. (SVOA) (4) A fish swims. (SV) (5) I was writing him an email. (SV IO DO) (6) They left the boy starved to death. (SVOC) You feel tired. (SP) (7)
16、There were some children on the playground. (VS) Lets practise Answers to Exercise 1 Lets practise Exercise 2: Analyse the structures of the underlined sentences in the passage. Lets practise Answers to Exercise 2: 1. Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. S V DO IO 2. She led the China womens volleyball team to medals at Olympics. S V O A The team was falling apart. S V A Losing two important players was a big challenge. S P She had faced difficulties before. S V O A They were world champions! S P
