1、人教版必修第一册人教版必修第一册 unit4 语法讲练语法讲练-限制性定语从句（限制性定语从句（1） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的 名词或代词叫作先行词， 连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主 句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代 词有 that，which，who，whom，whose 等；关系副词有 when，where，why 等。 一、关系代词的用法 1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The number of people who were killed in
2、 the disaster was over 100. 在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了 100。 He is the athlete who I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。 2whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 注意：(1)关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who/that 来代替。 The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is Johns
3、brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用 whom，不用 who。 The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine. 刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚。 3which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school. 她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 4that 既可以指人，相当于 who 或 whom；也可以指物，相当于 whic
4、h。在定语从句中作主 语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal . 我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女士，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。 The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。 注意： 1宜用 that 不宜用 which 的情况 (1)当先行词是 all，little，few，much，something，anything
5、，everything，nothing，some 等 不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 (2)当先行词被 all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last， just 等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 (3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story
6、that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 (4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 (5)当主语是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 哪些是你买给我的书？ 2宜用 which 不宜用 that 的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I u
7、sed to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl? 你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？ (3)先行词本身就是 that 时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？ (4)关系代词后有插入语时。 Here is the English grammar book which，I think，can h
8、elp improve your English. 这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。 3宜用 who 不宜用 that 的情况 (1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。 Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做都一定是疯了。 (2)当先行词是 I，you，he，they 等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 (3)当先行词为指人的 those 时。 Those who have good man
9、ners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 (4)在 there be 结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to see you. 有一个年轻人想见你。 4whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限 定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (Please pass me the book the cover of which/o
10、f which the cover is green.) 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。 The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students. 那间门坏了的教室能容纳 40 个学生。 二、使用定语从句的注意事项 1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提
11、箱是她的。 注意： “one of复数名词”作先行词， 谓语动词用复数形式； “the only one of复数名词” 作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。 2为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
12、误The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening. 正The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening. 3关系代词的省略。 (1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。 (2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可 省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。 We visited the house (that/which) Lu Xun once lived in. We visited the house in whic
13、h Lu Xun once lived. 我们参观了鲁迅曾居住过的房子。 (3)关系代词 which 在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。 三.练习 .单句语法填空 1When people talk about Hangzhou，the first _ comes to mind is the West Lake. 2The film_ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow. 3I know the person _ house was destroyed in the flood . 4We dont know the num
14、ber of people_ lost their homes in the disaster . 5Those _want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7：30 pm. 1.that2.that/which 3. whose4.who/that 5. who .完成句子 6.这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。 _ 7.杰克是她最好的朋友，从他那里她借了一辆车去旅行。 _ 8.这就是我正在找的那本书。 _ 9.我们将学习一些写于唐代的中国诗歌。 _ 10.她是通过考试的女孩之一。 _ 6This is the h
15、otel (that/which) I stayed at when I was travelling here. 7Jack was her best friend from whom she borrowed a car to travel. 8This is the very book that I am looking for. 9We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty. 10She is one of the girls who have passed t
16、he exam. .语法填空 语法填空 As far as I know，the heavy storm was one of the worst 1.(event) of the city.It hit the western part of the city last night.The wind speed reached eighty kilometers per hour.The storm caused serious damage 2.at least two hundred homes.A great number of families 3.(be) left homeles
17、s after the roofs of the houses were blown away.Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere，which made people 4.(frighten) In Main Street，the city park was flooded completely.Many cars 5.( destroy ) completely by floodwater.One car owner without full insurance burst out 6.(cry)Some cars were car
18、ried across the parking area and dumped(倾斜) into stormwater drains.In another block ， a tree fell on a bus 7.was taking some football players to a game.8. (luck)，no one in the bus got 9.(injure) It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 10.end after doing extreme damage. 1events 2to 3were 4frightened 5.were destroyed 6crying 7that/which 8Luckily 9injured 10an
