1、人教版必修第二册人教版必修第二册 unit1 语法讲练语法讲练-限制性定语从句总结限制性定语从句总结 3 限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，在讲话时不需停顿，书写时不用逗号，通常由关系 代词 that，which，who，whom，whose，as 和关系副词 when，where，why 引导。 一、基本概念 1先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫做先行词。如下列句中加黑部分 就是先行词。 She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.她找到了她两周前丢失的项链。 As a general rule，the mo
2、st successful man in life is the man who has the best information. 一般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。 Do you remember the day when we arrived here? 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？ 2 关系词： 用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。 它包括关系代词(that， which， who， whom， whose，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中都担任一定句子成分。关系代 词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。 Were go
3、ing to do something that has never been done before.(作主语) 我们打算尝试一下以前从来没有做过的事情。 He is a man whom we should all learn from.(作宾语) 我们都应该向他学习。 He lives in a house whose window faces south.(作定语) 他住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。 He is no longer the person that he used to be.(作表语) 他不再是过去的样子了。 At the time when I saw him，he wa
4、s well.(作时间状语) 我见他的时候，他身体很棒。 They still live in the same house where they lived ten years ago.(作地点状语) 他们仍然居住在十年前的那所房子里。 That is the reason why they suffered such great loss.(作原因状语) 这就是他们遭受那么大损失的原因。 温馨提示 (1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：There are some films (that) Id like to see. (2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在
5、从句中不要再 出现。下面的句子都有错误： Mrs Smith whom you met her yesterday is a friend of mine.(去掉 her) Guilin is a city which it has a history of 2,000 years.(去掉 it) This is the place where my mother was born there.(去掉 there) There are moments when I forgot all about it then.(去掉 then) 二、关系词的种类和功能 种 类功能(在从句中所担任的成分)
6、关系代词 that主语、宾语(代替人或物) which主语、宾语(代替物) who主语、宾语(代替人) whom宾语(代替人) whose定语(代替人或物) as主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物) 关系副词 when时间状语(代替表时间的先行词) where地点状语(代替表地点的先行词) why原因状语(先行词是 reason) 1.that 用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。 Is he the man that sells eggs? 他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人) Water that is impure often causes serious illness.
7、 不洁净的水常会引起严重的疾病。(作主语，指物) 2which 用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。 She was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语) This is the book which you wanted. 这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语) 3who 只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 Adoctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语) The man who I saw is called Smith.
8、 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾语) 4whom 用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。 The gentleman whom she encountered addressed her with courtesy. 她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(作宾语) 5whose 在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。 Youre the only one whose advice he might listen to. 只有你的话他可能会听。(指人) Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物)
9、6when 的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。 July and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月是天气很热的月份。 7where 的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。 Shes going home where she can rest. 她要回家休息了。 温馨提示 关系副词 where 的先行词也可以是有地点含义的抽象名词(如 point， case， situation， condition 等)。 He has reached the point where a change is needed.他已
10、到了需要改变的地步。(point 在此是抽 象名词) 8why 的先行词只有 reason，在从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why I left early? 你知道我为什么早走吗？ 三、that 和 which 引导定语从句的区别 1which 可引导非限制性定语从句，that 不可以。 He had failed the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。 2which 之前可有介词，that 之前不能有介词。 This is the house in which
11、 Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。 3当先行词是 all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few 等不定代 词时，常用 that。 That is all that I want to say.那就是我想说的一切。 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他这样做。 4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用 that。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was E
12、lephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 5先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用 that。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 6先行词被 the very，the only，just 等修饰时，多用 that。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的字典。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 7先行词既包括人又包括物
13、时，用 that。 The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。 温馨提示 (1)way 作先行词， 若从句中缺少状语， 则用 that 或 in which 引导定语从句， 也可省略关系词。 I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to his parents. 我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。 (2)关系副词可由“介词关系代词”代替。 I will re
14、member the day when/on which I worked there.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。 My favorite city is Beijing where/in which I can visit the Great Wall. 我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。 (3)表“时间”，“地点”和“原因”的先行词如果在从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代 词引导定语从句；如果在从句中作状语，则选用关系副词。 This is the museum that/which I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那座博物馆。 This is
15、the museum where his father worked twenty years ago. 这就是他父亲 20 年前工作过的那个博物馆。 The reason that/which he gave is unbelievable. 他给出的理由让人无法相信。 The reason why he conducted so well was that he had made full preparations. 他发挥的这么好的原因是他做了充分的准备。 四练习 .用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来 1Do you remember the place? We all used to me
16、et there. _ 2She is an artist.I am quite familiar with her works. _ 3There are a number of protests.We are considering them. _ 4Aplane crashed into the sea.It may have been a terrorist target. _ 5You were playing some music，and it sounded very familiar. _ 1.Do you remember the place where we all use
17、d to meet? 2.She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with. 3.There are a number of protests that/which we are considering. 4.A plane that/which crashed into the sea may have been a terrorist target. 5.The music that/which you were playing sounded very familiar. .用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，完成下列短文。 Ther
18、e was a time 6._ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 7._ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,8._ I met many strangers， I missed my parents very much.So
19、I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 9._ name was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from 10._ I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would l
20、ike to talk to other teenagers andsetdownaseriesofactivities11._wedid.Theguideteacher 12._encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 13._ I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will joi
21、n in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages ， through 14._- I can memorize a large number of new words.15._ our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.” 6.when7.why 8.
22、where 9. whose10. which11. that/which 12.who/that 13.which 14.which15.As .用适当的关系词或“介词关系代词”填空 1They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国) 2In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _ is created for them.(2019全国
23、) 3The students benefitting most from college are those _are totally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源)(2019北京) 4Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019天 津) 5(1)I dont like the way _ she deals w
24、ith the proposal. (2)I dont like the way _ you taught me. 6(1)I wont forget the day _ I took part in the sports meeting. (2)I wont forget the day_ I spent with you on the farm. 7(1)There was one point _ we must insist on. (2)After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. 1.who/that 2. that/which 3. who4. where5.that/in which;that/which 6.when/on which; that/which 7. that/which;where
