1、高中英语必修二Unit 3课本知识【重点单词拓展】1.benefit n.益处vt.使受益vi.得益于beneficial adj.有益的2.access n.通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入;使用;获取accessible adj.易进入的;易得到的;易使用的3.convenient adj.方便的;近便的convenience n.方便(反) inconvenient adj.不方便的4.distance n.距离distant adj.遥远的;疏远的5.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考inspired adj.备受鼓舞的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的in
2、spiration n.鼓舞;灵感6.update vt.更新;向提供最新信息n.更新;最新消息updated adj.最新的;现代化的7.rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的rudely adv.粗鲁地rudeness n.粗鲁8.confirm vt.确认;使确信confirmation n.确认9.familiar adj.熟悉;熟知(反) unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的familiarity n.熟悉10.press vt.按;压;敦促pressure n.压力;要求11.account n.账户;描述accountant n.会计员;会计师12.embarrassing adj.
3、让人难堪(尴尬;害羞)的embarrass vt.使难堪;使尴尬embarrassment n.尴尬embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的13.particular adj.特定的;特别的;讲究的particularly adv.特别;尤其14.privacy n.隐私;私密private adj.秘密的privately adv.秘密地15.define vt.给下定义;界定;解释definition n.定义16.theft n.偷(窃);偷盗罪thief n.贼thieves (pl.)17.blog n.博客 vi.写博客blogger n.博客作者;博主blogged/blogg
4、ed/blogging (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)【词块和短语】P25an online community 网络社区blog post 博文; 博客帖子P26chat online 网上聊天do / carry out / conduct a survey on 对.进行调查P27compare.to/with.把.作比较take turns to do / doing sth 轮流做某事It/ that (all) depends.那得看情况chat with / to sb 与某人聊天keep a secret 保守秘密P28follow strict rules 遵守严格的规则ma
5、ke our lives more convenient 使我们的生活更便利wait / stand in line 排队等候the most updated information 最新消息download software 下载软件social networks 社交网络develop a serious illness 身患重病quit ones job 辞职keep sb company 陪伴某人surf the Internet 上网remove the distance 消除距离感be inspired by 受.启发start a club/ company 创办俱乐部/公司co
6、llect/ raise money / funds 筹款take online classes 上网课bridge the divide / gap 消除鸿沟/分歧have access to 有使用/见到的机会/权利go through 经历;度过;通读a tough time 艰难时刻face a challenge 面临挑战inspire / encourage sb to do sth 激励某人做某事P29bring great benefits to 为.带来极大益处at a .speed 以.的速度P30change / make /tum.into 把.变成.press / c
7、lick / push / touch the button 按按钮copy a file 复制文件make a comment about/on 对.作出评论P31in shape 状况良好;身体健康keep track of 掌握.的最新信息;了解.的动态take steps / measures 采取措施receive / get updates on 收到.的最新消息imagine as 把.想象成put sth together 把.合成一组;组装;整理出P32the golden rule 黄金法则，重要原则post a comment 发表评论click on 点击give ou
8、t 公布;宣布no excuse for doing sth 毫无理由做某事a target for .的目标stir up trouble 挑起事端be mean to sb 对某人刻薄direct.at 把.对准make trouble 找麻烦P33be familiar with 对熟悉post personal information 发布个人信息keep/ bear in mind牢记P34an environmental issue 环境问题turn upside down 给(某人生活)造成大的变化; 把.翻得乱七八糟deliver to 把.送到/交付给take over 接替
9、;接管;接收build up a relationship 建立关系social interaction 社会交往;社交(be) heavily influenced 受到严重影响cyber security 网络安全P36be concerned about/ for 关心.; 担忧all the time / the whole time 一直;经常the confidence in 对.的信心a lack of sleep 缺乏睡眠harm sbs health 损害某人的健康respond to 回答., 对.作出反应have an impact /effect/influence o
10、n 对.有影响develop self-regulation skills 加强自控能力【课文金句】1.The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. Bil Gates (P25)因特网正成为明日地球村的闹市广场。一比尔.盖茨2.We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping today.(P28改)现如今我们在购物时，不再需要排队等候，也不需要随身携带现金。3.At age 50, s
11、he found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.(P28) 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，被困在家里，只有电脑相伴。4.It is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.(P28改)消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运
12、用新技术是非常重要的。5.When you go through tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges.(P28改)当你经历困难的时候，你就会遇到面临相似挑战的人。6.Thinking about other peoples situations inspired me to offer help.(P28)想到别人的处境，我就会受到激励，伸出援助之手。7.The Internet has brought great benefits to Wuzhen, a small waterside town in
13、 Zhejiang Province.(P29)因特网为浙江省的一座水滨小镇乌镇带来了极大的益处。8.No matter how small a town is, everyone should be able to join the global network and access the world of the Internet! (P29)无论多小的城镇，每个人都应可以加入全球网络，进入因特网的世界!9.The more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked on the Internet.(P32改)你
14、越有礼貌，你在网上被攻击的可能性就越小。10.There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。11.At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。12.She was so inspired by th
15、e people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。13.A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online.网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。【写作素材】祝贺信必备词汇1.congrat
16、ulate sb.on. 祝贺某人2.express/send my sincere congratulations to sb.on sth.为某事向某人送上我诚挚的祝贺3.give/offer my congratulations to sb.on sth.为某事向某人表示祝贺4.Congratulations on your success.祝贺你的成功。5.wish you success in 祝你成功6.Have the opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事7.succeed in doing sth./be successful in doing sth.在中
17、获得成功8.be proud of./take pride in 自豪，以为骄傲9.Practice doing sth.every day 每天练习做某事10.Win the first place 赢得第一名e true 实现，成真12.achieve ones dreams 实现某人的梦想13.be of great help/benefit 有很大的帮助好处14.witness your success 见证你的成功15.Everything comes to him who waits.功夫不负有心人。高分句式首段：祝贺所取得的成绩1.I am writing to express
18、my congratulations on your winning the first place in the English speech contest.我写信祝贺你的英语演讲比赛获得第一名。2.Congratulations on your success in the National College Entrance Examination.祝贺你高考成功。3.Please accept my most sincere congratulations and best wishes for the future.请接受我最诚挚的祝贺和最良好的祝愿。4.We are all pro
19、ud of the great achievements you have made.我们为你已取得的巨大成就感到骄傲。5.1 feel very happy for your dream has come true.我很高兴你终于梦想成真了。中间段：被祝贺人过去的努力1.In my view, you work hard and besides that, you are a very intelligent person.在我看来，你努力工作，除此之外，你是个很聪明的人。2.1 know that you were not good at Chinese at first.However,
20、 you practiced speaking Chinese every day.我知道当初你不擅长中文。然而你每天都练习说中文。3.I am sure your parents are greatly proud of you.我相信你的父母为你感到非常自豪。4.It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest.你赢得了比赛，对我不足为奇。5.1 just want you to know how pleased I am to witness your success.我只是想让你知道我是多么高兴见证你的成功。6.You dont
21、 know how excited I was when I heard the good news.你不知道当我听到这个好消息是多么兴奋。7.As the saying goes, “ Everything comes to him who waits.“ Finally, you succeeded.俗话说，“功夫不负有心人。”最后，你成功了！结尾段：表达愿望1.Sincere congratulations to you again! 再次真诚地祝贺你！2.1 hope your future will be glorious.我希望你的未来是是辉煌的。3.wish you greate
22、r success in university and serve for the hometown in the future.祝你在大学取得更大的成功，为未来的家乡服务。4.1 will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice.I am looking forward to your early reply.如果你能回信给我建议我会很感激。希望早日得到你的答复。5.Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experie
23、nce will be of great help to me in learning.你能与我分享你是如何提高英语口语的吗？你的经验将有助于我的学习。【必背语法】Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态观察例句1.Much has been written about the Great Wall.2.Many people have been helped by the club.3.Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet.4.Look at the way your face has been washed.5.Today I
24、thought Id answer a question that has been asked many timeshow do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?归纳句法一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成have/hasbeen过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语have/has been done.否定式主语have/has not been done.一般疑问式Have/Has主语been done.？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done.？The city has
25、 been swept through by heat wave recently.最近炎热横扫了这座城市。His work has not been finished.他的工作尚未完成。Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？即学即练1 根据要求变换句子The children have already been told the good news.The children the good new
26、s yet.(改为否定句) the good news yet？(改为一般疑问句) the good news yet？(对the children进行提问)三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before.等连用。The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)The doctor hasnt been sent for yet
27、.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long.？句型中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3.用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。即学即练2 单句语法填空In
28、the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.Though we dont know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The park was opened to the public la
29、st year.去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The park has been opened to the public.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2.非延续性动词如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。The work has been finished.这项工作已经完成。3
30、.动词短语动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。4.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。I have told them to help you.They have been told to help you.5.带有双宾语的动词如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing
31、，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).即
32、学即练3 单句语法填空The bridge near the village (build)last year.No books (buy)since last week.An e-mail (send)to me by now.【答案】1.was built2.have been bought3.has been sent【课本单词】1blogblgn.博客vt.写博客2blog post博文;博客帖子3bloggern.博客作者;博主4engineendnn.引撃;发动机;火车头5search engines:tendn（互联网上的)搜索引擎6chatttvi.聊天;闲聊7streamst
33、ri:mvt.流播（不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频);流出vi.流动n.小河;溪流8identityadenttn.身份;个性9identity cardadenttk:d身份证10convenientknvi:nntadj.方便的;近便的11cashkn.现金;金钱12updatepdetvi.更新;向提供最新信息n.更新;最新消息13databasedetbesn.数据库;资料库14softwaresftwen.软件15networknetw:kn.（互联)网络;网状系统;人际网vt.将连接成网络;联播vi.建立工作关系16stuckstkadj.卡住;陷（入);困（于)17keep s
34、b company陪伴某人18surfs:fvt.vi.浏览;冲浪19benefitbenftn.益处vt.使受益vi.得益于20distancedstnsn.距离21inspirenspa(r)vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考22now thatnat既然;由于23accessksesn.通道;（使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入;使用;获取24charitytrtn.慈善;慈善机构（或组织)25go throughgru:经历;度过;通读26toughtfadj.艰难的;严厉的27provinceprvnsn.省28conferenceknfrnsn.会议;研讨会;正式会谈29reside
35、ntrezdntn.居民;（美国的)住院医生adj.（在某地)居住的30plusplsconj.而且;此外n.加号;优势prep.加;另加31functionfknn.功能;作用;机能vi.起作用;正常工作;运转32batterybtrn.电池33confirmknf:mvt.确认;使确信34Wi-Fin.无线保真（用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的系统)35presspresvt.按,压;敦促36buttonbtnn.按钮;纽扣37filefaln.文件;文件夹;档案38in shapenep状况良好39keep track ofki:p trkv掌握的最新消息;了解的动态40disc
36、ountdskantn.折扣vt.打折41accountkantn.账户;描述42clickklkvt.vi.点击43privacyprvsn.隐私;私密44thefteftn.偷（窃);盗窃罪45ruderu:dadj.粗鲁的;无礼的46targett:gtn.目标;对象;靶子vt.把作为攻击目标47trolltrln.发挑衅帖子的人;恶意挑衅的帖子48cyberbullyn.网霸vt.vi.网络欺凌49falsef:lsadj.假的;错误的50particularptkjl(r)adj.特定的;特别的;讲究的51embarrassingmbrsadj.让人难堪（尴尬;害羞)的52make
37、fun ofmek fnv取笑;戏弄53upsetpsetadj.心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的vt.（upset,upset)使烦恼;使生气;搅乱54guidelinegadlann.准则;指导原则55author:(r)n.作者;作家56tiptpn.忠告;诀窍;实用的提示57familiarfml(r)adj.熟悉;熟知58keep in mindki:pn mand牢记59definedfanvt.给下定义;界定;解释60casekesn.盒;箱;情况;案件61the World Wide Webabbr.WWW万维网;环球信息网62Jan Tchaman简.夏曼尼63Birminghamb:mhm伯明翰（英国域市)8
