1、专题课专题课轻松突破语法填空（上）轻松突破语法填空（上） 语法填空题短文长度在 200 词左右， 要求考生根据句子结构的语法性和上下文的连贯性， 完成 10 处空白的填写。主要考查学生对基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的表达方式 的掌握情况，着重在语篇层面上考查学生的语法分析能力。 语法填空题的命题方式有两种：一种是有提示词的填空，一种是没有提示词的填空。两 种类型的比例基本维持在 7:3。 一、有提示词填空的解题技巧一、有提示词填空的解题技巧 有提示词填空题要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空， 主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、 非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级及最高级、名词的复数形式、词性或词
2、形转化这几种情 况。 1. 给出动词原形给出动词原形 当设空处后面给出动词原形时，设空处一般会考查动词的数、动词的时态和语态、非谓 语动词、动词的名词或形容词形式。 例如：At that time, soda pop was sold in bottles, and they were washed and_ (fill) again. filled 【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语动词且与 washed 并列，主语 they 与 fill 为 被动关系，但设空前已经有了助动词 were，故设空处应填 filled。 2. 给出形容词或副词给出形容词或副词 当设空处后面给出形容词或副词时
3、， 往往要求写出比较级或最高级形式， 有时也考查形 容词与副词之间的转换。 例如：The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet). sweeter 【解析】用 nothing 与 an act of kindness and love 相对比，这里是用比较级的否定形式 表示最高级，因此答案是 sweeter。 3. 给出名词给出名词 当设空处后的括号中给出的提示词是名词时，一般考查其复数形式和名词所有格等。 例 如 ： She has turned do
4、wn several _ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. invitations 【解析】考査名词单复数。句意：为了专心致志地学习，她拒绝了很多在走秀中担任主 角的邀请。invitation 为可数名词，且由空格前的 several 可知，设空处应用复数形式。故填 invitations。 4. 词性或词形转化词性或词形转化 词性转化多以派生词变化为主， 如形容词与名词间的相互转化， 形容词与动词间的相互 转化，动词与名词间的相互转化等。 例如：Jane knew from past e
5、xperience that her_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. choice 【解析】在形容词性物主代词 her 后，用名词或动名词形式，而空后有 of 短语作定语， 所以填名词 choice。 二、无提示词填空的解题技巧二、无提示词填空的解题技巧 无提示词填空题需考生在不给出提示词的情况下填出符合上下文逻辑、 词法、 句法的单 词，主要考查代词、冠词、介词、情态动词、并列连词、复合句、特殊句式等。 1. 代词代词 主要是不定代词、指示代词、替代词 it 的用法、人称代词的主格和宾格、反身代词、 名词性物主代词等。 例如
6、：When stressors throw your nervous system out of balance, relaxation techniques can bring _ back into a balanced state. it 【解析】根据前后语境可知，此处应用 it 指代上文的 your nervous system。 2. 冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词 弄清句子结构，若设空处后为名词，设空处为名词的定语，又无提示词，可确定设空处 应填冠词 （a, an, the） 、 形容词性物主代词 （my, your 等） 或限定词 （other, a
7、nother, either, both 等）。 例如：Please spend time with those who make you laugh easilyboth at themselves and at lifes humorous events. Surround yourself with reminders to lighten up. Keep _ toy on your desk or in your car. Put up a funny poster in your office. Choose a computer screensaver that makes yo
8、u laugh. a 【解析】本段介绍的是如何使自己心情舒畅。设空处后的 toy 为单数名词，在本句中表 示泛指，故用不定冠词 a。 3. 介词介词 若设空处后是名词、代词、动名词或 what 从句，且它们不作主语或动词宾语时，很可 能就是填介词。根据具体的语境或空格所在句的意思来确定填哪个介词。 例如：The only reason why a man would sell his house _ a lower price would be that he needed money badly. at 【解析】a lower price 在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语，根
9、据习 惯搭配可知，应用介词 at。 4. 情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词 若句子结构较完整，设空处后的谓语动词是原形、have done 或 be doing 等，特别是与 上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填情态动词或用来强调谓语动词的助动词 do, does, did；若构成部分倒装，设空处后需有主语，主语后需为动词原形或过去分词、现在分 词，这时需根据需要填 do, does, did, have, has, is, am, are 或某些情态动词。 例如：I explained that while I didnt carry any cash, I _ happen to ha
10、ve a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. did 【解析】因谓语动词 happen 是原形，而前后的谓语动词都是过去式，所以此处应填情 态动词或助动词；“虽然我没有带现金，但我的确恰好有一张新毯子”，故填助动词 did 来 对谓语动词进行强调。 5. 并列连词或复合句并列连词或复合句 根据两句话之间的意义、逻辑关系或句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。 若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点并结合连接词的意义和作用来确定具体的连接词。 例如：Behind him were other people to _ he was tryi
11、ng to talk. whom 【解析】空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，应填关联词；分析句子结构 可知此处应填一个定语从句的关系词，先行词是 people，关系词指“人”且作介词 to 的宾 语，故应选用关系代词 whom。 6. 特殊句式特殊句式 常考的特殊句式有：强调句型、倒装句、there be 句型、感叹句、“祈使句+and 或 or+ 陈述句”结构、not onlybut also结构、neithernor结构、eitheror结构等。 例如：_ I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! How 【解析】根据标
12、点符号可知本句为感叹句，设空处后为一个句子，故设空处用 How。 （答题时间：（答题时间：40 分钟）分钟） 语法填空 A A Christmas Carol is one of Charles Dickensmost famous stories. Its 1. _ (especial) popular with young children. However, it was almost never 2. _n (write). Back then, Charles was in a very terrible situation and in need of money. He want
13、ed to quit writing 3. _ he could do some other work to make money. But he loved his children and wanted to write a story 4. _ them. After he got the inspiration for A Christmas Carol, he 5. _ (spend) six weeks on this and finished it. When his kids were given the story to read, they loved it very mu
14、ch. However, his publisher didnt think so. He refused to have it published, 6. _ (think) it was too childish. However, Charles was confident and was sure that kids would love to read this story. Though he was in need of money, he decided to finance the publication 7. _ (him). Charles was right. The
15、book was 8. _ big hit after it came out. It is still widely read by children around the world. If Charles had given up 9. _ (publish) the story, we might not be able to read it now. We should not give up easily. Instead, we should believe in ourselves and do our 10. _ (good) to make our dreams come
16、true. B When I was 8 years old, my best friend gave me a copy of this book and told me that I might find it interesting. He could not have been more right, for I 1. _ (absorb) in the book immediately and I finished it in a matter of three days. To me 2. _was a miracle (奇迹) to finish a book so 3. _ (
17、quick) at that age! I found that the book was 4. _ great benefit and entertaining at the same time. The author, Mr Dale Carnegie, didnt introduce a principle or an idea without 5. _ (support) it with at least one real life story where the principle 6. _ (introduce) was proved helpful. After that poi
18、nt I noticed a great, almost immediate, effect on my 7. _ (behave) as I was growing up. I noticed that I was getting along better with my parents and teachers, 8. _ (much) popular at school, and I even began to understand people much better 9. _ before. I grew up believing that this book was one of
19、the 10. _ (great) factors involved in shaping my character. *C Britains National Health Service will be offering a traditional Chinese acupuncture (针灸疗 法) to treat back pain. This is the first time it 1. _ (approve) officially. The National Institute for Clinical Excellent NICE, however, says there
20、is 2. _ (evident) that acupuncture may be 3. _ (effect) than expensive X-rays or injections, so patients who have been 4. _ (suffer) for over six weeks should be given a choice. As an alternative to acupuncture, patients willbe able to choose either a course of spinal manipulation(脊椎推拿), 5. _ a seri
21、es of special exercise sessions. In the UK, acupuncture is regarded 6. _a complementary (辅助的) treatment, which is the term given to a medical procedure 7. _ hasnt gone through the strict trials by which scientists prove some treatments work. Some are still skeptical about the effectiveness of acupun
22、cture. Research from the US earlier this month found that simulated (模拟的) acupuncture 8. _(use) toothpicks (牙签) could be as good as using real 9. _ (needle). So while some are yet to be convinced, back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture is 10. _ (benefit) to their health and helps get th
23、em feeling mobile again. A 文章大意：查尔斯狄更斯的圣诞颂歌一开始被出版商拒绝了，但他没有放弃，最 终使得这部小说面世了。 1. especially 考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词形式。 2. written 考查语态。it 是 write 这个动作的承受者，故应用被动语态。 3. so 考查连词。根据语境可知，这里是表示目的，故用 so。 4. for 考查介词。他想为他的孩子们写一个故事，故填 for。 5. spent 考查时态。根据语境可知，spend 这个动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。 6. thinking 考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语作原因状
24、语。 7. himself 考查代词。 这里是指查尔斯 狄更斯决定自费出版这个故事， 故需用反身代词。 8. a 考查冠词。a big hit 是指“巨大成功”，故填不定冠词 a。 9. publishing 考查非谓语动词。give up doing sth. 放弃做某事。 10. best 考查比较等级。do ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做某事。 B 文章大意： 有一本书对作者影响很大， 作者认为这本书是塑造自己性格的最主要因素之 一。 1. was absorbed 考查谓语动词。absorb 与句子主语 I 为被动关系。be absorbed in 专心于
25、， 全神贯注于，文章为一般过去时，故填 was absorbed。 2. it 考查代词。it 此处为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语 to finish a book。 3. quickly 考查词性转换。修饰动词需用副词形式。 4. of 考查介词。此处为 of+抽象名词，相当于形容词，of great benefit 非常有益。 5. supporting 考查非谓语动词。介词 without 后接动名词作宾语。 6. introduced 考查非谓语动词。principle 与 introduce 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后 置定语。 7. behavior 考查词性转换。形容词
26、性物主代词只能修饰名词。 8. more 考查副词。根据上下文提示，此处 popular 应用比较级形式，故填 more。 9. than 考查连词。空格前有提示词 better。than before 比以前更，故填 than。 10. greatest 考查形容词的比较等级。one of 之后的名词用形容词最高级修饰。 C 本文是一篇说明文。 中国传统的针灸疗法在英国受到广泛关注， 第一次得到了官方支持。 针灸疗法到底有什么功效呢？ 1. has been approved 考查动词的时态和语态。 This is the first/second. time that. 是常用句 型：当主
27、句谓语是 is 时，从句常用现在完成时；当主句谓语是 was 时，从句常用过去完成 时；本句中“it”与 approve 之间是被动关系。故填 has been approved。 2. evidence 考查名词。 本句为there be句型， 指 “有证据” 。 故填evident的名词形式evidence。 3. more effective 考查形容词的比较等级。根据比较连词“than”可知，此处应使用形容词 的比较级，effect 的形容词是 effective，effective 的比较级为 more effective。 4. suffering 考查动词的时态和语态。suffe
28、r 是不及物动词，没有被动语态；根据 have been 可知，此处应用现在完成进行时。故使用 suffer 的现在分词形式 suffering。 5. or 考查连词。固定搭配 either. or. 意为“或者或者”，连接并列成分。故填 or。 6. as 考查介词。固定短语 be regarded as 意为“被认为是”。故填 as。 7. whichthat 考查定语从句。先行词“a medical procedure”在定语从句中作主语，指物， 所以用关系代词 which/that 引导从句。 8. using 考查非谓语动词。动词 use 与被修饰词“acupuncture”之间构成主谓关系，所以 用其现在分词形式 using 作后置定语。 9. needles 考查名词复数。needle 是可数名词，此处表示泛指，所以用其复数形式。故填 needles。 10. beneficial 考查形容词。固定短语 be beneficial to 意为“对有利”，符合语境。
