1、Grammar Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause )与非限制性定与非限制性定 语从句语从句 (Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)的区别的区别 区别限制性定从限制性定从非限制性定从非限制性定从 结构结构 无逗号与主无逗号与主 句分开，口句分开，口 语中不停顿。语中不停顿。 有逗号与主句有逗号与主句 分开，口语中分开，口语中 有停顿。有停顿。 区别限制性定从限制性定从
2、非限制性定从非限制性定从 与先行与先行 词关系词关系 密切，不可密切，不可 缺少，否则缺少，否则 先行词意义先行词意义 不清。不清。 不太密切，去不太密切，去 掉的话，先行掉的话，先行 词意义仍清楚。词意义仍清楚。 作用作用对先行词修对先行词修 饰、限定。饰、限定。 对先行词补充、对先行词补充、 说明新信息。说明新信息。 区别限制性定从限制性定从 非限制性定从非限制性定从 引导引导 词词 口语中用口语中用 that可替代可替代 who/whom/ which/when /where/ why, 并可省略。并可省略。 不可用不可用that替代替代 who/whom/which / where/w
3、hen， 并不可省略。不并不可省略。不 可用可用why引导。引导。 区别限制性定从限制性定从 非限制性定从非限制性定从 先行先行 词词 任何名词或任何名词或 代词代词 专有名词专有名词独一独一 无二意义的名词无二意义的名词 或被或被名词所有格名词所有格 物主代词物主代词或或指指 示代词示代词所修饰的所修饰的 名词、整个主句。名词、整个主句。 译法译法“的的” 译成并列分句译成并列分句 区别 限制性定从限制性定从非限制性定从非限制性定从 意义意义 先行词为众多先行词为众多 的人或物之一，的人或物之一， 不为听话人所不为听话人所 知，用定语从知，用定语从 句加以限定和句加以限定和 识别。识别。 先
4、行词为听话人先行词为听话人 所知，具有唯一所知，具有唯一 性。性。 1. I have a sister _ is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的的姐姐。（不止我有一个当医生的的姐姐。（不止 一个姐姐）一个姐姐） 2. I have a sister, _ is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是一个医生。我有一个姐姐，她是一个医生。 （只有一个姐姐）（只有一个姐姐） who/that who 1. Fill in each blank with relative pronouns and adverbs. 3. The number of people _ were killed
5、or injured reached more than 400,000. 4. But the one million people of the city, _ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. who who 5. This gift was the Amber Room(琥琥 珀屋珀屋) , _ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 6. The amber(琥珀琥珀) _ was se
6、lected has beautiful yellow- brown colour like honey. which that/which 7. This is Henry, _ wife works for my brother-in-law. 8. This is the man _ car has been lost. 9. She gave me this sweater, _ she had knitted (编织编织) herself. 10. She gave me a sweater _ she had knitted herself. whose whose which (
7、that/which) 11. Martins garage, _ _ the car had been taken, was not far away. 12. The garage _ _ the car had been taken was not far away. 13. This was a time _ the two countries were at war. 14. Im seeing the manager tomorrow, _ he will be back from New York. to which to which when when 15. We will
8、reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, _ our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. 16. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg _ she spent her summers. where where 17. Sunday is the only day _ we can relax. 18. Sunday is a holiday, _ people dont go to work. 19
9、. He was very generous with his time, for _ I was very grateful. 20. It was raining, _ was a pity. when when which which 20. Mr. Green, _ _I was working, was very generous. 21. She asked me many questions, most/all _ _ I couldnt answer. of which for/with whom 2. Rewrite the sentences using non-restr
10、ictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently?（句子的流畅性有什么不同？）（句子的流畅性有什么不同？） 1. We were very impressed by the old man who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circu
11、mstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K.Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Peia famous Chinese- American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain
12、 the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 1. Do you want a friend _ you could tell everything to? 2. Your friend, _ doesnt work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 3. Fill in each blank with relative pronouns and adverbs or m
13、ake a choice. (who/whom/that who 3. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. 4. I want you to meet my friend Marjorie, _ I think I mentioned in my last letter. 5. The watch _ you gave me keeps perfect time. 6. The watch, _ my grand- father bought, is still in good order.
14、whom who/whom (that/which) which 7. My grandfathers watch, _ parts are too small to been seen, still keeps perfect time. 8. The school _ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 9. Yesterday I went to the school, _ I met Mr. Zhang. whose where where 13. The man _ you met yeasterday an
15、d _ name often appears in the newspaper is a famous scientist. 14. The winner was a Brailian player, _ name I have forgot. 15. He showed a new computer, _ low price will make it very attractive to students. (whom/who/that whose whose whose 16. On April 1st they flew to Beijing, _ they stayed several
16、 days. 17. It was heard in Beijing, _ was one hundred kilometres away. 18. The last time I went to Scotland was in May, _ the weather was beautiful. 19. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. which where which when 20. Sally went out with George, _ made Paul ve
17、ry angry. 21. Sally went out with George, _ Paul was very angry with. 22. He showed me a photo _ upset me. 23. He tore up (撕碎撕碎) my photo, _ upset me. which who/whom that/which which 24. He has to work on Sundays, _ he doesnt like. 25. He has to work on Sundays, _ most people can relax. 26. Ill neve
18、r forget the Sunday _ you first arrived. 27. I hate shopping during the Christmas rush _ the shops are crowded. which when when when 28. Peter drove too fast, _ was dangerous 29. He was very generous with his time, for _ I was very grateful. 30. She wore her swimming things in the office, _ shocked
19、her boss. 31. She wore her swimming things in the office, _ her boss worked. which which which where 32. He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. 33. So I knew I could get a degree, too. _ made me feel good about myself. 34. Theyve won their last three matches, _
20、I find a bit surprising actually. which That which 35. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, _ was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 36. Chalie Chaplin lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, _ he was buried in 1977. which
21、 where 37. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor. 38. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous? 39. The most universal(普遍的普遍的) facial expression is, of course the smile_ function (功能功能) is to show happiness and put peope at ease. (使使.安逸舒适安逸舒适) whose whose
22、 its 40. Hes really rude, _ is why people tend to avoid him. 41. Everyone in Dublin is so friendly, and _ is why I love the city. 42. Its a secret_s why they never talked about it. 43. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and _ mirrors and pictures shone like gold. which that that its 45. If a b
23、ook is in English, _ means slow progress for you. A. which B. that C. what D. he 46. When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that 47. Unless Im very much mistaken, _ is my watch youre wearing! A. as B. which C. what D. that B that D 48. My job is collecting inform
24、ation for a database about Mount Kilauea, _ is one of the most powerful forces on earth-the volcano. 49. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, _ the rocks fall. which where 50. This produced a chain reaction, _ made it possible for life to develop. 51. The sun heats the earth,
25、_ makes it possible for plants to grow. 52. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. which which which 53.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, _ accounts for (=explains) my appearance. 54. He made another
26、wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is which London has a population of about 7,000,000. It lies on the River Tames, _ the Romans landed nearly 2,000 years ago. From about 1800 _ World War Two, London was th
27、e biggest city in the world, _ 4. 语法填空语法填空 （一）（一） now there are many cities _ are much bigger. London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as Buckingham Palace, _ the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament, _ you can see and hear t
28、he famous clock, Big Ben. They _ come to visit its theatres, its museums, and its many shops, such as Harrods, _ you can buy anything. And of course they want to ride on the big wheel next to the river! _ many big cities, London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1, 000,000 people a day u
29、se the London Underground, _ there are still too many cars on the streets. The air isnt clean, _ it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago. For me, the best thing about London is the parks, of _ five are in the city centre. But my childrens favourite place is Hamleys, _is the biggest toy shop in the w
30、orld! London has a population of about 7,000,000. It lies on the River Tames, _ the Romans landed nearly 2,000 years ago. From about 1800 _ World War Two, London was the biggest city in the world, _ where to/until/till but 语法填空语法填空 （一）（一） now there are many cities _ are much bigger. London is famous
31、 for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as Buckingham Palace, _ the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament, _ you can see and hear the famous which where where clock, Big Ben. They _ come to visit its theatres, its museums, and its many shops,
32、 such as Harrods, _ you can buy anything. And of course they want to ride on the big wheel next to the river! _ many big cities, London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1, 000,000 people a day use the London also where Like Underground, _ there are still too many cars on the streets. Th
33、e air isnt clean, _ it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago. For me, the best thing about London is the parks, of _ five are in the city centre. But my childrens favourite place is Hamleys, _is the biggest toy shop in the world! but although which which I was born in Newcastle, a city in the north-e
34、ast of England. New- castle is on the bank of the river Tyne. It is quite big, _ a population of about 200, 000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges _ the River Tyne, _ links Newcastle 语法填空语法填空 （二）（二） to the next town Gateshead, _ there is one of the biggest shopping
35、 centres in the world, the Metro Centre. A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coal-mining, _ now the chemical and soap industries are more important. I moved from Newcastle ten years ago but I often return. I miss the people, _ are so warm and friendly, and I miss the wild, bea
36、utiful countryside near the city, _ there are so many hills and streams. People _ are born near the River Tyne have a special name. They _ (call) Geordies. I am very pleased to be a Geordie! I was born in Newcastle, a city in the north-east of England. New- castle is on the bank of the river Tyne. I
37、t is quite big, _ a population of about 200, 000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges _ the River Tyne, _ links Newcastle 语法填空语法填空 （二）（二） with over which to the next town Gateshead, _ there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world, the Metro Centre. A few
38、years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coal-mining, _ now the chemical and soap industries are more important. where but I moved from Newcastle ten years ago but I often return. I miss the people, _ are so warm and friendly, and I miss the wild, beautiful countryside near the city, _ t
39、here are so many hills and streams. People _ are born near the River Tyne have a special who where who name. They _ (call) Geordies. I am very pleased to be a Geordie! are called Cher was born in the US on 20 May 1946 in El Centro, _ is on the California/Mexico border. _ full name is Cherilyn Sarkis
40、ian and she is part-Cherokee and part-Armenian, Turkish, and French. She left high school when she was 16 and went to Los Angeles, 语法填空语法填空 （三）（三） _ she planned to take acting lessons. There she met Salvatore Nono, _ was working at the Gold Star Studios _ Phil Spector was recording many famous singe
41、rs. He discovered that Cher could sing, and they became the singing duo Sonny and Cher. Their first hit song was I got you Babe, _ topped the charts in 1965. Cher was still only 19. They got married and had a daughter, _ they called Chastity. In 1975 Sonny and Cher were divorced, and later that year
42、 Cher married Greg Allmann, _was another famous rock star. They had a son called Elijah Blue. _ two years later Cher was divorced _ the second time because of Allmans drink and drugs problems. She decided to turn to acting again. In 1982 she appeared in her first major film, Come Back to the Five an
43、d Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, _ was well received by the critics and public. She went on to win Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival in 1985 for her role in Mask, and finally she won _ Oscar for Moonstruck in 1987. _, in the 1990s she returned to pop music in a big way. She has had three numbe
44、r one hits from her chart-topping album Believe, _ has reached a whole new audience. In her long career, Cher has been extremely successful _ as a serious actress and as a pop star, _ is an extraordinary achievement. Cher was born in the US on 20 May 1946 in El Centro, _ is on the California/Mexico
45、border. _ full name is Cherilyn Sarkisian and she is part-Cherokee and part-Armenian, Turkish, and French. She left high school when she was 16 and went to Los Angeles, 语法填空语法填空 （三）（三） which Her _ she planned to take acting lessons. There she met Salvatore Nono, _ was working at the Gold Star Studio
46、s _ Phil Spector was recording many famous singers. He discovered that Cher could sing, and they became the singing duo Sonny and Cher. Their first hit song was I got you Babe, _ where who where which topped the charts in 1965. Cher was still only 19. They got married and had a daughter, _ they call
47、ed Chastity. In 1975 Sonny and Cher were divorced, and later that year Cher married Greg Allmann, _was another famous rock star. _ had a son called Elijah Blue. _ two years later Cher was divorced _ the who/whom who They But for second time because of Allmans drink and drugs problems. She decided to
48、 turn to acting again. In 1982 she appeared in her first major film, Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, _ was well received by the critics and public. She went on to win Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival in 1985 for which her role in Mask, and finally she won _ Oscar for
49、Moonstruck in 1987. _, in the 1990s she returned to pop music in a big way. She has had three number one hits from her chart-topping album Believe, _ has reached a whole new audience. In her long career, Cher has been extremely successful _ as a serious an However which both actress and as a pop sta
50、r, _ is an extraordinary achievement. which Montreal in Canada is the largest French-speaking city in the world next to Paris. It has a population of 2.8 million, of _ two thirds have French ancestry. French is the official language, _ English is almost as common. There are language laws _ require F
