1、 David arrived last night. Who is speaking, please? Two will be enough. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. How to do well is an important question. What has happened proves that our policy is right. Underline t
2、he subjects in the following sentences. n. pron. num. to do v-ing phrase sentence subject clause Find all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the subject. 主从主从+ V + 宾宾/表语表语 + 其他其他 e.g. What has happened proves that our policy is right. 主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。
3、引 导主语从句的词有导主语从句的词有 从属连词从属连词: that, whether, if； 连接代词连接代词: who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which； 连接副词连接副词: when, whenever, where, wherever, however, why等。等。 观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语 从句及引导词从句及引导词: 1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为
4、，引导词为 _。 What is needed for a whatlong trip 2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为_。 3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为 _。 That Jay Zhou will Whether we will come to my city that travel abroad
5、or not whether 4. Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是_ _，引导词为，引导词为_。 5. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是_ _，引导词为，引导词为_。 Whoever knows the whoeversecret Why they suddenly disappearedwhy 6. What many scientists believe is that the contiu
6、ed presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是_ _，引导词为，引导词为_; that 引导引导 _ 从句从句. What many scientists believewhat 表语表语 1. How did life first appear on the earth? It is still a mystery to scientists. 2. Why is the earth becoming wa
7、rmer? It is an important topic for research. How life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists. Why the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research. 用主语从句重写下列句子：用主语从句重写下列句子： 3. He should kill his wife and son! It shocked every one of us. 4. Do the other astronomers ac
8、cept his ideas? It remains a question. That he should kill his wife and son shocked every one of us. Whether the other astronomers accept his ideas remains a question. Whether the other astronomers accept his ideas remains a question. It remains a question whether the other astronomers accept his id
9、eas. It + V + 宾宾/表语表语 + 主从主从 形式主语形式主语 It is not clear how the accident happened. It is not hard to understand why he did so at that time. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake. It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident. 找到真正的主语找到真正的主语 常见的由常见的由it
10、作形式主语的句型总结如下：作形式主语的句型总结如下： 1. It is/was + n. + that从句从句 It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake. 2. It is/was+ adj. + that从句从句，常见此类形容常见此类形容 词有：词有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible等。等。 It is obvious that the accidentwa
11、s cused by drunk driving. 3. It+不及物动词不及物动词+that从句从句 It seems / appears . that . 似乎似乎 It happened (to sb.) that . 碰巧碰巧 It happened that I was on the spot. It seems that we wont have a holiday until June 6th. 4. It is/was + v-ed + 主语从句主语从句 It is said / reported / believed / suggested / well-known / pr
12、oved that . It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident. 【要点精讲】【要点精讲】 1. what与与that引导主语从句引导主语从句 观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结 其规律。其规律。 (1) What you lack is self-confidence. 译为：译为：_你所缺乏的是自信。你所缺乏的是自信。 (2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true
13、. 译为：译为：_ _ (3) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 译为：译为：_ 这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。 越来越多的学生将被大学录取越来越多的学生将被大学录取 的消息是真实的。的消息是真实的。 从上面例句可以看出，从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从引导主语从 句时，在句中具有句时，在句中具有“两不两不”原则：原则： 一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分； 二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。 当它当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，引导的主语从句置于句首时，that 不能省略不能省略；如果；如果用用i
14、t作形式主语，而把作形式主语，而把 主语从句放在句末时，主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略可以省略。 而而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，引导的从句则恰恰相反，what 在从句中的作用为：在从句中的作用为： 一、作句子成分；一、作句子成分； 二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还 要承担具体的意义。要承担具体的意义。 【巩固练习】【巩固练习】 用用what或或that填空。填空。 (1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie. (2) _ is important to us is enough time. (3) It wor
15、ries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat. (4) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. What What that What what 2. whether与与if引导主语从句引导主语从句 whether与与if引导主语从句引导主语从句位于句中有位于句中有 时可换用时可换用。但在下列情况下。但在下列情况下用用whether 不用不用if： (1) 主语从句位于句首时；主语从句位于句首时； (2) 从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时。时。 【巩固练习】【巩固练习】 用用wh
16、ether或或if填空。填空。 (1) It doesnt matter _ he will come or not. (2) _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (3) It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon. (4) _ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful. whether / if Whether whether / if Whether 3. 其它引导词其它引导词 连接代词连接代词who, which, whom, whose 有各自的具体意义，起
17、连接作用，同时有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语 等；等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意在意 义上更为强调，常译为义上更为强调，常译为“无论无论”；连；连 接副词接副词when, where, why, how等也有各等也有各 自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作 状语。状语。 【常见错误展示】【常见错误展示】 下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并 分析错误的原因。分析错误的原因。 1. Light travels faster than
18、sound is common knowledge. That that虽无词义但引导主语从句位虽无词义但引导主语从句位 于句首时不能省略。于句首时不能省略。 if, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但 if不能引导句首主语从句。不能引导句首主语从句。 2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much. Whether shes coming or not doesnt 3. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine. has要改为要改为have。主语从句表示复数。主语从句
19、表示复数 概念时，谓语要用复数形式。概念时，谓语要用复数形式。 have 4. That the professor said is of great importance. 5. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided. What that引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。 将将will置于置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要 用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。 6. No matter who breaks the rule wil
20、l be punished. 7. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question. 引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但 引导名词性从句时只能用引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。 Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用 单数形式。单数形式。 remains 5. Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody. 6. Pl
21、uto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise! It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It is a surprise that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. All of life is an act of letting go, but what hurts th
22、e most is not taking a moment to say goodbye. 人生就是不断地放下，人生就是不断地放下， 但最令人痛心的是，但最令人痛心的是， 我们来不及好好告别。我们来不及好好告别。 Line from the film Life of Pi subject clause Its rare that I find someone so non- patronizing. Line from the film Zootopia subject clause What pains us trains us. What doesnt kill us makes us s
23、tronger. What hurts us the most teaches us the best. 使我们痛苦的东西在真正锻造我们。使我们痛苦的东西在真正锻造我们。 没有要我们命的事情让我们更强大。没有要我们命的事情让我们更强大。 伤害我们最深的教会我们最多。伤害我们最深的教会我们最多。 subject clauses 用适当的连接词补全下面的对话用适当的连接词补全下面的对话。 Lucy: Why are you looking so happy? Jenny: Ive just attended a lecture. _ the speaker said made me excited
24、. Lucy: What was it about? Jenny: About health. It seems _ a lot of people dont know how to keep healthy. What that Lucy: Sounds great. _ Im concerned about is my health condition at the moment. But what should I do to be healthy? Jenny: _ you will stay healthy depends on two factors exercise and di
25、et. Lucy: You know I always do some running on the road every night. What Whether Jenny: Whether you take exercise is one thing, but _ you take exercise is quite another. You shouldnt run at night because it will affect your sleep. Besides, _ you do your running isnt favorable. You should run in the
26、 park instead of on the road. when where Lucy: I see. I can see it is important _ now I have to change my bad habits. Jenny: Also, you must be careful with your diet. Its well-known _ we are what we eat. So you should eat more vegetables. Lucy: Youre right. In fact I always eat too much meat. But I
27、will change myself. that that 用适当的连接词填空。用适当的连接词填空。 1. _ will be sent to carry out the task hasnt been settled. 2. It doesnt matter _ it turns out to be a good idea or a bad idea. 3. _ well do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we wont be back till late. 4. _ John will arrive is unknown. Maybe two hours later. 5. Its possible _ he hasnt received the letter. Who whether / if What When that Finish exercise of 课堂达标课堂达标. Finish 课时跟踪检测十九课时跟踪检测十九 .
