1、1 动名词作主语动名词作主语 一、语法导入：一、语法导入： 英语中的非谓语动词包括：动名词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。无 论他们在句中作何成分，都保持自身的属性和特点。 （1）动名词：具有名词的功能，常在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 （2）现在分词：表主动和正在进行，常在句中做定语、状语、补语等。 （3）过去分词：表被动和完成，常在句中做定语、状语、补语等。 （4）动词不定式：表示将来和目的，常在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补 语等。 二、动名词的特点：二、动名词的特点： （1）它是由动词变换而来的，所以保留了动词的某些特征。它不能单独做谓语， 没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态
2、的变化。 （2）动名词最大的特点：相当于一个名词，因此可以在句中做主语、宾语、表 语等。 三、动名词的时态和语态三、动名词的时态和语态 主动被动 肯定否定肯定否定 一般式doingnot doingbeing donenot being done 完成式having donenot having donehaving been donenot having been done 例: (1) 每个小孩子都喜欢被老师表扬。 Every child likes being praised by teachers. (2) 他因犯相同的错误被妈妈惩罚。 He was punished for havi
3、ng made the same mistake. (3) 接受了一段时间的训练后，他进入了足球队。 After having been trained for a long time, he joined the football team. 2 四、四、动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能 1. 作主语 (1) 单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。 例：Working all day makes us tired. Cheating in an exam is a dishonorable behavior. (2)为保持句子平衡，可用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末
4、，其逻辑主 语泛指人们。 Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间 Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没有用/值得的 It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用 例：Its no use crying over the past mistake. Its waste of time reading that book. (2) There be no+动名词（短语） 例：There was no knowing what he could do.他不知道自己能做什么。 拓展： 1. 作宾语：可作及物动词的宾
5、语、作介词宾语、作形容词 worth 和 busy 的宾语， 有时可用 it 作形式宾语(think，find，consider 等)，其逻辑主语一般特指，有时也 可泛指。 例：Would you mind my smoking here? I am looking forward to hearing from my father. The teacher considers it no good reading without understanding. 2. 作表语：不要和进行时混淆，进行时说明谓语动作是由主语完成的，但动名 词只是说明主语的内容，往往是无生命的名词或由 what 引导
6、的名词性从句。 例：My job is teaching English. He is driving a car.(现在进行时) His job is driving a car.(动名词) 3 3. 作定语：动名词作定语起修饰作用，用于说明名词的用途和目的，且只能放 于所修饰词的前面。 例：It is important to use a good learning method.(a method of learning) The man sitting at the working desk(a desk for writing) is a young writer. 五、五、动名词与
7、现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的区别 1. 作定语时：动名词作定语修饰主语，用以说明主语的性质、用途及目的，与 主语之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示主语的动作或状态， 两者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 This is a dancing hall.(动名词) China is a developing socialist country.(现在分词) 2. 作表语时：动名词作表语，具有名词性质，说明主语的内容或情况；分词作 表语，相当于形容词，表示性质和状态。 His hobby is fishing.(动名词) His speech was inspiring.(现在分词) 课
8、后练习课后练习 练习一：用括号内单词的适当形式填空并说明作什么成分。 例：_Telling_(tell) whether it is morning or night is impossible. （动名词作主语） 1._(Get) here is quite difficult. ( Getting 动名词作主语） 2.For hundreds of years, _(look) after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. （ looking动名词作主语） 3._Being_ in such a beautiful and wild plac
9、e_makes_(make) me feel blessed to be alive. 4 （动名词作主语, 动词单数） 4._(Ride) on the only steam engine still _(work) in the southeastern United States is a special treat. ( Riding （动名词做主语） working（现在分词作后置定语，修饰 steam engine）) 5._Watching_(Watch) the dolphin and sea lion shows_is_(be) both educational and fu
10、n. （动名词作主语, 动词用单数） 6.I wake up to the sound of the wind _(buffet) the cloth of my tent. （buffeting现在分词作后置定语） 7. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice melted, _(leave) behind about 100 glaciers. （leaving 现在分词作结果状语。 ） 8. _(Check) my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk over to the m
11、ountain edge. ( Checking 现在分词作状语。 ） 9. _Taking_(take) a walk after supper _is_(be) good for your health. （动名词作主语, 动词用单数） 10. It is a waste of time _(persuade) such a person to join us. （persuadingit 做形式主语，persuading 动名词做真正的主语） 二、短文填词。 Since Tom went to high school, _1_(watch) TV _2_(become) a routin
12、e for him. His mother always said, “ It is a waste of time _3_(spend) hours in front of the TV.” _4_ , Tom always answered, “ I can keep _5_ balance between studying and watching TV. ”As you know, talking is _6_(easy) than doing. Later, Tom didnt do well _7_the final exam and he was very sad. His mother knew there was no point _8_(scold) Him. She told him, “Its no use _9_(cry) over spilt milk and _10_ 5 you can do now is just try your best to study for the next exam.” 答案：1. watching2. has become3. spending4. However5. a 6. easier7. in8. scolding9. crying10. what 6
