（2019版）人教版选择性必修第一册英语Unit 1 同步词汇句式讲解及训练 学案（含答案）.zip

1 一知识讲解 选修一选修一 Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 一、知识梳理 2 3 1.conclusion n.结论结论;推论推论 教材原句Did you come to any conclusions?你得出结论了吗? 知识归纳：知识归纳： 1.in conclusion 总而言之 2.drew a conclusion 得出结论 课堂例句课堂例句 Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong. 你的信息不准确,所以你的结论是错误的。 I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。 即学即练即学即练单句语法填空 2.vital adj.必不可少的必不可少的;极其重要的极其重要的;充满生机的充满生机的 教材原句Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,仅在非洲一年就可以挽救 10 万人的生命。 知识归纳：知识归纳： be vital for/to sth 对极为重要 It is vitalthat.(should) do sth做是十分重要的 It is vital to do sth做某事是极为重要的 课堂例句课堂例句 It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed. 自主经营者要准确记录账目,这十分重要。 Skillful employees are vital to/for the success of any company. 熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。 Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 即学即练即学即练 语法填空 一考核心词汇诠释 4 3.evaluate vt.评价评价;评估评估 教材原句Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.她 的团队查阅了 2,000 多份旧的医学文献,并对 28 万株植物的医学特性进行了评估。 知识归纳：知识归纳： (1)evaluation 评估 (2)evaluative 可评估的 课堂例句课堂例句 Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs. 我们的研究试图评估不同药物的有效性。 It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。 即学即练即学即练 The market situation is difficult _( evaluate). 市场状况难以评价 The school has only been open for six months, _. 该学校仅开办了六个月, 现在还很难估计它的成就 4.acknowledge vt.承认承认(属实、权威等属实、权威等);(公开公开)感谢感谢 defeat n.失败失败;挫败挫败vt.击败击败;战胜战胜 【教材原句】However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而,屠呦呦不承认失败。 知识归纳：知识归纳： acknowledge sth/sb to be/as.承认某事/某人是/为 acknowledge doing sth承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledgedthat.人们(普遍)认 为;大家公认 课堂例句课堂例句 The driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off. 司机知道了我的指示,但是没有动。 He was acknowledged for his long service with the company. 他因在公司服务多年而受到了感谢。 5 即学即练即学即练 语法填空/翻译句子 She is usually acknowledged to be one of our best artists. _。 It is widely_（acknowledge）that the film is instructive and full of emotion. 5.circumstance n.条件条件;环境环境;状况状况 【教材原句】Her circumstances are beyond our control.她的情况是我们无法控制的。 知识归纳：知识归纳： in/underthe circumstances 在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances决不;无论如何都不(位 于句首时,句子要用部分倒装) in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 课堂例句课堂例句 Obviously we cant deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. 显然,我们只有了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。 I wish we could have met under happier circumstances. 我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。 即学即练即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子 Under no circumstances will they give up; they never have and never will. _ We should stand by our promises_any circumstances. 6.insist vi.坚决要求坚决要求 【教材原句】Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药,以确保它的安全性。 知识归纳：知识归纳： (1)表示“坚持认为,坚持说”,后跟宾语从句用陈述语气; (2)表示“坚决要求,坚决主张”,后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”,should 可以省略。 课堂例句课堂例句 The woman insists that her husband is an honest man and cant do it. She insisted on going to the cinema alone. 她坚持自己去看电影。 即学即练即学即练 单句语法填空 My friend insisted _ my going to her birthday party. 我的朋友坚持让我参加她的生日聚会。 6 We insisted that he _(finish) the work himself. 我们坚持让他自己完成这项工作。 7.obtain vt.(尤指经努力尤指经努力)获得获得;赢得赢得vi.(规章、习俗等规章、习俗等)存在存在;流行流行 【教材原句】They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。 知识归纳：知识归纳： 1obtain from从.获得 2.Obtain sth through 通过.获得 课堂例句课堂例句 Conditions of extreme poverty now obtain in many parts of the country. 目前,该国许多地区处于赤贫状态。 The results are obtained through repeated experiments. 结果是通过反复试验获得的。 即学即练即学即练用适当的介、副词填空 Further information can be obtained_ head office. I havent been able_ （obtain）that record anywhere. 8.defeat n.失败失败;挫败挫败vt.击败击败;战胜战胜 If we coordinate our efforts we should be able to defeat the enemy. 如果能将我们的努力协调一致,我们就能够击败敌人。 知识归纳：知识归纳： 单词 区别 beat,defeat 都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜、打败(对手)”,后 接竞争对手,可以互换 win 战胜、赢得;其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表 尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。竞争对手不能作其宾 语 课堂例句课堂例句 In victory and defeat,the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory. 胜利和失败,奥林匹克就是实现个人和国家荣誉的舞台。 即学即练即学即练单句语法填空 our team _(defeat) last night ,which made us very disappointedand sad damaged but not_(defeat),we would succeed in the end. 7 mitted adj. 尽心尽力的尽心尽力的;坚定的坚定的;坚信的坚信的 【教材原句】Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦,一位忠于职守、有耐心的科学家,1930 年 12 月 30 日出生于中国宁波,1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院。 知识归纳：知识归纳： be committed to献身于某事 committee oneself to doing sth. 承诺/保证 课堂例句课堂例句 I have committed myself now and cannot draw back. 我已经做了承诺,无法反悔。 He committed himself to the cause of education. 他投身于教育事业。 即学即练即学即练单句语法填空 Tom is a _member of our football team. China is committed_ peace,development and cooperation in international affairs. 中国在国际事务中一贯致力于和平、发展与合作。 10.infer vt.推断推断;推定推定 inference 【教材原句】At other times,the reason is given right after the opinion or decision,and the link can be inferred. 在其他时候,原因是在意见或决定之后给出的,并且可以推断出其中的联系。 知识归纳：知识归纳： infer sth from.从推断出 infer that 推断 课堂例句课堂例句 I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave. 从她的表情我可以推断出,她想离开。 Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context. 大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。 即学即练即学即练 单句语法填空 I inferred _what she said that you have not been well. there are two _(infer) to be drawn from her letter. 11.found vt.创立创立;建立建立;把把建立在建立在 8 【教材原句】Elon Musk founded high-tech and futuristic companies.埃隆马斯克创立高科技和未来主义公司。 知识归纳：知识归纳： Foundation founder 课堂例句课堂例句 He founded the Centre for Journalism Studies at University College Cardiff. 他在加的夫大学学院成立了新闻学研究中心。 The village was founded by settlers from the Volga region. 来自伏尔加地区的移民建了这个村庄。 即学即练即学即练 单句语法填空 1.He was one of the _ of the universitys medical faculty. 2.in 1935 in Ohio,Alcoholics Anonymous is now a world-wide organization. 12.consequence n.结果结果;后果后果 【教材原句】As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.结果,他被迫逃离德国。 知识归纳：知识归纳： as a consequence 结果 as a consequence of 结果 课堂例句课堂例句 Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. 许多人认为贫穷是人口过剩的直接后果。 If climate changes continue,we will suffer the consequences. 如果气候变化继续下去,我们将自食其果 即学即练即学即练 单句语法填空 Asconsequence,he got the first place in this exam. As a consequence his laziness,he was fired. 1.It struck him that 二重点句式 9 the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。 【句式剖析】it 是形式主语,that 引导的句子是真正的主语,what 引导的句子作介词 about 的宾语。 It strikes sb that.某人突然想到,某人感到惊讶的是 It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.我突然意识到和 另一支球队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说都是一个很好的学习机会。 【句式拓展句式拓展】 It hits sb+从句,某人突然想起 It occurs/occurred to sbthat.某人突然想到 课堂例句课堂例句 Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。 When I got home,it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom. 回到家后我发现我把书忘在教室里了。 即学即练即学即练 补全句子 1._ _ _that I had an important meeting to attend that afternoon 我突然想起我下午有一个重要的会议参加 2.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做 试验,大部分患者都康复了。 【句式剖析】本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是 the medicine ws tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered 是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“不定代词/数词/名词+ of + 关系代词”引导的定 语从句在关系分句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。 She has written many articles,some of which are intended for students poor in English. 她写了许多文章,一些是专为英语差的学生写的。 知识归纳：知识归纳： 【温馨提示】当先行词指人时,关系代词用 whom;先行词指物时,用 which。 The newly-built caf,the walls of which are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work. 新建的咖啡馆,墙粉刷了淡淡的绿色,对我们来说真的是一个安宁的地方,尤其是在劳累的工作后。 即学即练即学即练 (1)单句语法填空 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city. 这里居住着将近 1 000 人,他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。 (2)翻译句子 被强调的团队重要性，在足球比赛中扮演重要角色。 10 _. 3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”当听到自己被当听到自己被 授予诺贝尔奖时授予诺贝尔奖时,她说她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的。荣誉不只是属于我自己的。” 【句式剖析】在本句中,she said,.是主句, that 引导的句子作 hearing 的宾语。Upon hearing.是“upon+动词-ing 形 式”构成介词短语,在句中作时间状语。upon 还可换为介词 on,表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。这种用法常 见于正式文体中,根据语境,可翻译为“当时;一就”。 Upon graduating from college,he first worked as a teacher,and then in a government office. 他一毕业,先当了老师,后来在政府部门工作。 On his return from his vacation,he began writing his first novel. 他休假回来后,就开始写他的第一部小说。 即学即练即学即练 (1)单句填空 _ 当知道自己中彩票时,这个男人开怀大笑 一一.单句语法填空单句语法填空 1.It is (acknowledge) that equality and freedom are the principles of justice. 2.When the wheel got (stick) in the mud,he jumped into the swamp to push the cart out with his shoulder. 3. (evaluate) of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected. 4.He devoted his life to promoting world peace,so he (award) the Nobel Prize for peace. 5.Liquid (obtain) from the bark of this tree can be used to treat several kinds of diseases. 6.Water is (必不可少的)to keep every living thing alive. . 7.After o a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs. 8.The Lakers d the New Orleans Hornets the day before yesterday. 9.Solids(固体) turn to l at certain temperatures. 10.Knowledge has become a (关键性的) factor in the progress of a country. 二二.选词填空选词填空 1.Alexander Graham Bell the telephone in 1876. 2.in 1935 in Ohio,Alcoholics Anonymous is now a world-wide organization. 3.Ive been working all day,but I feel as if Ive_nothing. 4.Although she didnt mention any names,everyone knew who she was to. 5.These gates control the amount of water into the canal. 二、课堂训练 flowing, found, refer, invent, achieve 11 三三.课文语法填空课文语法填空 Born in Ningbo,in 1930,Tu Youyou 1. (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955 and then worked at the China Academy of traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.She joined a team of scientists 2. the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967 and two years 3. (late),she was appointed the head of the project.She and her team decided 4. (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease and they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese 5. (medicine) treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 6._(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.They did repeated experiments and 7. (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract.After many 8._ (fail),they at last found artemisinin,9. soon became a standard treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives worldwide.For this,Tu Youyou 10. (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 四四.(根据教材语篇内容写一篇根据教材语篇内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要词左右的内容概要) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 阅读理解阅读理解 A A English has gained status (地位) as a world language. About 1/3 of the worlds population has English as its mother tongue. 75% of the world s mail is in English. English is the official language or is widely used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, United Arab Ernirates, Canada, the United States, Panama, Surinam, South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya. English is the language that is most often studied as a foreign language in the European Union (by 89% of schoolchildren), followed by French (32%), German (l8%), and Spanish (8%). It is also the most studied in China, Japan, and South Korea. Books, magazines, and newspapers are written in English in many countries around the world. English is also the widest used 三、课后自主训 练 12 language in science. In 1997, the Science Citation Index reported that 95% of its articles were written in English, but only half of their authors came from English-speaking countries. Why has English become a world language? The British colonized (使殖民地) large parts of the world, spreading their language to new areas. The United Kingdom and the United States are both important nations in the world. When doing business with these nations, knowing English is an advantage. As non-English-speaking countries-realized that, industry and business hired people who spoke English, or required their workers to attend language courses. English is the international language of technology. With English being so widespread, it can make those who come from English-speaking countries already feel that they dont need to learn a foreien language. This is not good because one learns to understand a culture better if one knows the language, and one may also enjoy reading original books. 1. The following are all the reasons for English to be widely used EXCEPT that. A. the U.K. and the US were both developed countries B. the British once colonized large parts of the world C. English-speaking people worked in many countries D. many schools asked the students to study English 2. In the European Union which foreign language is studied by the fewest people? A. French. B. German. C. Spanish. D. English. 3. From this passage we can learn that . A. why English has become a world language B. one must study English as a world language C. English has gained status as a world language D. if you don t study English you ll fall behind B Two new whale sharks arrived at the worlds largest aquarium(水族馆) on Friday. Both whale sharks-the worlds largest fish-arrived at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta after 6 a.m. The pair had been flown 8,000 miles from Taipei, Taiwan. They will join the aquariums three whale sharks-the only ones on display outside of Asia. We re the only people in the world that can claim(索要) three times, aquarium director Jeff Swanagan said. Each time we learn more and more. The two young males were given Asian names. One is Taroko, named after Taroko Gorge, a national park in Taiwan. 13 The other is Yushan, which means jade mountain, and is named after a mountain in Taiwan. The sharks were flown from Taiwan on a plane in 20-foot-long tanks with oxygen (氧气) machines and other equipment to keep the water suitable for them. They arrived at about 3:30 a.m. in Atlanta, where their tanks were moved to two trucks and driven to the aquarium surrounded by some of Atlanta police cars with their blue lights flashing. They were lowered into their new home-as Norton and two females, Alice and Trixie, circled nearby, seemingly curious about the new arrivals. It is difficult to tell the age of the whale sharks, but at least one of the new arrivals is believed to be the smallest the aquarium has got. They are believed to be the aquariums youngest whale sharks yet. 4. The two new whale sharks were carried away from Taiwan . A.by ship B. by truckC.by air D. by train 5. The two new whale sharks . A. are the largest in America B.have Asian names C. have got used to living in America.D. arrived at the aquafium at 3:30 am 6. How many sharks live with the two new sharks? A. One B. Two. C.Three.D. Four. 7. The passage makes us believe that . A. the author helped s