1、知识要点 1 devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于 (教材 P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 例 1We should devote everything we have. 例 2He devoted a great sum of money to books. 知识拓展 (1)devote.to (doing)sth.把献给(做)某事 devote oneself tobe de
2、voted to献身于；专心致力于 (2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 (3)devotion n.奉献；关爱 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 1Neighbors devoted their spare time to _(help)others rebuild. 2He could only devote two hours a day_ the project, but his _to duty is worth respecting.他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。 知识要点 2 convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (教材 P50)Yua
3、n was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 例 1Roberts expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence. 例 2She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong. 知识拓展 (1)convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.that.使某人相信 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 (
4、2)convincing adj.令人信服的 convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 be convinced of相信 be convinced (that).(某人)相信 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 1Im not completely _ (convince)(that)he knew the importance of practice. 2His speech was so _ (convince)that everyone present believed what he said. 知识要点 3 assumption n假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 (教材
5、P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 例 1We mistook assumption that the price would fall. 例 2Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问 题的假设上。 知识拓展 (1)make an assumption认为；假定 (2)assume v.假定；设想 assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that.一般认
6、为 (3)assuming(that).假设/假定 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 _ (assume)that it rains, what shall we do? 小片段填空 In most cases a false_ would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to_ that things will go the way we want. 在大部分的情况下， 错误的假定会导致项目发生问题， 因为我们通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。 知识要点 4 overcome vt.(overcame,
7、overcome)克服；解决；战胜 (教材 P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 例 1In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. 例 2I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear. 知识拓展 overcome difficul
8、ties战胜困难 be overcome with被（感情）控制，受到情绪的极大影响 即学即练完成句子 他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。He_ and succeeded at last. 知识要点 5 expand vt. 极其重要的 *They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. *Before giving my opinion,I think i
9、t is essential to look at the argument of both sides. *(2019江苏高考)The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should take peoples essential needs into account. *(2019天津高考)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today a
10、nd who we will become. be essential to/for对很重要 It is essential that . . . (should) do. . .“做是完全必要的” It is essential for sb. to do. . .“对某人来说做是完全必要的” (1)语法填空。 Sun and water are essential_ the growth of crops. _(essential),everyone has two ages:a chronological age and a biological age. 知识要点 10alternat
11、ive n可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 (教材 P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 例 1We returned by the alternative road. 例 2This kind of newspaper is alternative press. 知识拓展 (1)have no alternativ
12、e/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth.有做的选择，可以做 theres no alternative.but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to.的替代品 (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 1I had no alternative but_ (accept)the offer. 2We could walk or_(alternative)we could go in Teds car. 知识要点 11d
13、epth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) (教材 P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 例 1The old man disappeared into the depths of the house. 例 2I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him. 知识拓展 in depth全面；深入；详细 from the depth of the mind从心底里；真心地 at a
14、depth of.在的深度 in the depths of在正中；在深处 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 1Plant the beans_a depth of about six inches. 不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。 Younger students cannot be expected to have great depth of understanding 小片段填空 She belongs to herself.Nobody can measure the_ of her heart, _ as sea. 她属于自己，没有人能测出她心有多深，深似大海。 名师点津 a
15、dj.deephighwidelong n.depthheightwidthlength vdeepenheightenwidenlengthen Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 what 引导主语从句 (教材 P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 例 1What we need is money. 例 2What I want to know i
16、s this. 知识拓展 what 是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what 本身在从句中可作主语、宾语 或表语。 即学即练完成句子 1小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for_ 2把你买的东西给我看看。Show me_ what 除引导从句外， 还在从句中作成分， 意为“所的(东西)”， 在含义上等于“名词that”。 that 引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但 在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省
17、略。 That he survived the serious traffic accident was a wonder. 重点句式 2 It is/was过去分词that. (教材 P5051)Today， it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains. 例 1It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied childre
18、n arrive in Britain. 例 2It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 知识拓展 (1)常用于此结构的动词有 say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce 等。 (2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.be said/believed/thoughtto do”或“people say/think.(that).”结构。 即学即练完成句子/句型转换 1据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。 _ one third of citizens plan to buy
19、 a private car. 2人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。 It is said that he has passed the driving test.He_the driving test. 重点句式 3 given that.引导的状语从句 (教材 P51)Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 例 1Given that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a goo
20、d job. 知识拓展 (1)用作 give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有”， “假定”等义， 此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。 (2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。 (3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。 (4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到” 。 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better. _the trees could have grown better
21、. 重点句式 4not only.but also.句型 (教材 P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 例 1Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also)an actor. 例 2Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. 知识拓展 (1)该结构常用来连接
22、并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意 义上强调后者，其中 also 可以省略。 (2)“not only.but also.”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当 not only 位于句首连接 两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。 即学即练完成句子 不仅学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。Not just the students but also their teacher_ 他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。Not only_correctly but he also speaks it fluently. 教材高考 1.Indeed,
23、his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. (2020天津卷)In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying， devoting myself to my work. 2.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests
24、and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. (2019浙江卷)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 3.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a
25、 higher yield than conventional crops. (2020全国卷)She wondered if centuries of diving couldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysical characteristics that made the task easier for them. 4.The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (2019江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the
26、park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers. 5.Through intense effort ， Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (2020全国卷)When I come across the problems of learning in my study ， my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.
