1、Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures语用训练语用训练I. 单句语法填空单句语法填空在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1The most important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated _(argue)2Taking exercise _(regular) and having a balanced diet are of great importance toour health3It was lack of confidence that
2、 resulted _ his failure in the competition4People nowadays are beginning to attach much more importance _ their healththan ever before湖北荆州 2019 高一期末改编5 Travelling abroad was limited _ rich tourists and wealthy business people decadesago广东深圳四校发展联盟体 2019 高一期中改编6It is important to figure _ exactly what
3、 you want the audience to know and whatyou get them to do7Many trees have been cut down by peopleAs _ result，many animals have diedout8This is the only way that I can think of _ (settle) the problem of water waste inurban areas9Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the worlds
4、firstecosystem_ (disappear) because of global warming10_(pay) for her college education，she spent two years working as a cleaner for arich family in her neighbourhood. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子1. Make sure that your boss know you_（热衷做某事）be promoted.2. This course will describe each of the planets in our_（太阳系）.3
5、. You should recognize_（当前的形势）.4. The scenery on the top is _（难以描述）.5. She studied hard_（怀着的希望）being admitted into the key university.6. They_（渴望去拜访他们的老师）.7. Only by working hard can we_（成功做好每件事）.8. _（确保）that you find the answers to these questions from them.9. It makes you want to watch the next ep
6、isode to _（弄明白）whats going tohappen.10. I worked hard_（结果竟然失败了）at last主题阅读主题阅读I. 阅读理解阅读理解（2019 长沙高一检测）A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand not water. Theresearch in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet Americanscientists now
7、 say these lines appear more like dry， flows of sand. If water is present， it is likely tobe a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial （微生物的）life.NASA， the American space agency， said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the leadscientist for NASAs Mars exploration p
8、rogramme. He noted that the latest study does not rejectthe presence of water. But he admitted，“It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers goingdown the sides of cliffs （悬崖）. ”The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States GeologicalSurvey. His team measured 151
9、 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopesbetween 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes（沙丘）on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lightermight help explain the markings. They usually appear in the
10、 Martian summertime，and thendisappear until the next year. If these lines are dry， this suggests that recent Mars has not had largevolumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.“I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its h
11、istory， ” MeyersaiD. “As long as thats true，we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. Itjust happens to be cryptic or well hidden. ”NASA currently has no robotic vehicle either on Mars or in developmentwith the abilityto climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has eng
12、ineers coming up with ideas likeMartian helicopters or planes without pilots.1. What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study？A.Alot of little life.B.An amount of water.C. Some Martian hills.D. Dark markings are sand.2. When do the markings come out？A. In Martian spring.B. In
13、 Martian summer.C. In Martian autumn.D. In Martian winter.3. Whats Meyers opinion about having life on Mars？A. Doubtful.B. Trustful.C. Indifferent.D. Objective.4. What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean？A. Undiscovered. B. Strange.C. Magical.D. Icy. 完形填空完形填空Its hard being an astr
14、onauts son，I _1_，everybody expects you to be special or _2_，but Im just an average studentI often wonder _3_ my father ever had a son like meI mean hes so _4_ and so good ateverythingSo I used to dream about doing something spectacular (令人印象深刻的) to _5_my fatherIn one class，my teacher _6_ a Fathers D
15、ay essay contest for us and the winners essayswould be read in front of all the parents and studentsAfter school I walked home，_7_ aboutmy father，who I would write about in my essayHe sat with me in the _8_ when I was a little kid and had a nightmare He _9_ me with anew puppy at my eighth birthday p
16、artyTo me，he wasnt a world-famous astronaut，but just mydadI wrote about all these _10_ in my essay One of our neighbours said， I _11_ youll winthe contest， David Youre the only one in town whose father is an astronaut I didnt want to win_12_ because my father was an astronautI won the second prize W
17、hen I finished reading my essay， the _13_ applauded I saw myfather blowing his noseDad nodded to me，_14_ his throat，and put his hand on my shoulderSon，this is the_15_ moment of my life， he saidIt was the proudest moment of my life，tooMaybe Ill never be a great hero or win a NobelPrize，but just then，
18、it was enough just to be my fathers son1AdoubtBsayCknowDbelieve2AstrangeBhonestCperfectDformal3AwhyBwhereCwhetherDwhen4AnormalBfunnyCspecialDunique5AshockBinfluenceCattractDimpress6AreportedBannouncedCclaimedDwarned7AcaringBworryingCthinkingDcomplaining8AsilenceBthreatChorrorDdark9ApleasedBastonishe
19、dCsupportedDencouraged10AexperimentsBincidentsCdreamsDmemories11AwishBguessCbetDpromise12AmerelyBneverChardlyDnearly13AparentsBaudienceCstudentsDteachers14AcleanedBblewCclearedDopened15AmostBproudestCsmallestDlongest. 语法填空语法填空（2019 深圳高一检测）I once found that helping someone could get you into a lot of
20、 trouble.I was in the 1. _ （nine）grade at the time， and we were having a final test. Duringthe test，the girl 2. _ （sit） next to me whispered something，but I didnt understandFinally I found that she was trying to ask me 3. _I had an extra pen. She showed methat 4. _（her） was out of ink and would not
21、write. I happened to have an extra one，so I put it on her desk.Later，after the test papers had been turned in，the teacher 5. _（ask） me to stayin the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began totalk to me about how important it was 6. _（stand） on my own two 7
22、. _（foot） and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time，she talked about honesty andemphasized the fact that 8. _ people do something dishonest，they are reallycheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think 9. _（serious） about allthe things she had said，and then she told me I could
23、 leave. I walked out of the room wonderingwhy she had chosen to talk to me 10. _all those things.Later on，I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test.参考答案参考答案语用训练语用训练. 单句填空单句填空1argument解析：句意为：最重要的是尽力不要让平静的讨论变成激烈的争吵。设空处作 turn into的宾语且空前有形容词 heated 修饰，故应用名词。故填 argument。2regularly解析：句意为：定期锻炼
24、和均衡饮食对我们的健康非常重要。设空处修饰动名词短语，应用副词作状语。故填 regularly。3in解析：句意为：就是缺乏信心才导致他在比赛中失败。设空后为结果，result in 为固定搭配，意为“导致，造成”。故填 in。4to解析：句意为：如今的人们比以往任何时候都更加重视自己的健康。attach much moreimportance to 为固定搭配，意为“更加重视”。5to解析：句意为：几十年前出国旅游还仅限于有钱的游客和富有的商人。be limited to 为固定搭配，意为“局限于”。故填 to。6out解析：句意为：弄清楚你到底想让观众知道什么、让他们做什么是很重要的。fi
25、gure out为固定搭配，意为“弄清楚”。故填 out。7a解析：句意为：许多树被人砍倒了。结果，许多动物都灭绝了。as a result 为固定搭配，意为“结果”。故填 a。8to settle解析：句意为：这是我能想到的解决城市地区水资源浪费问题的唯一办法。设空处作后置定语修饰名词 way， 应用动词不定式。 the way to do sth 意为“做某事的方法”。 故填 to settle。9to disappear解析：句意为：科学家警告说，由于全球变暖，珊瑚礁很可能成为世界上第一个消失的生态系统。被修饰词前有序数词 first 修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填 to disapp
26、ear。10To pay解析：句意为：为了支付上大学的费用，她在街区一个富裕家庭中做了两年清洁工。设空处应用非谓语形式，根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式形式。故填 To pay。. 1. are keen to 2. solar system 3. the current situation 4. beyond description5.in the hope of6. desired to visit their teacher 7. succeed in doing everything8.Make sure 9. find out 10. onlyto fail主题阅读主题阅读.【文
27、章大意】本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现：火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。1.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。2.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知，这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。故选B。3.B解析：观点态度题，根据第四段内容可推知，Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。4.A解析：词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知，cryptic的意思是“隐藏的；没被发现的”，故选A。. 【语篇导读】作者是宇航员的儿子，被很多人羡慕着并且被期望与众不同，作者过去也总想着做些引人注意的事情让父亲印象深刻。 但是
28、通过一次作文比赛作者认识到， 只要做爸爸的儿子就足够了。1C解析：根据前一句 Its hard being an astronauts son（做一个宇航员的儿子真难）可知，此处指的是“我知道，每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美”。故选 C 项。2C解析：第一句说做宇航员的儿子难，此处解释难的原因：每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据 or 前的 special 可知选 C 项。perfect 意为“完美的”，符合语境。3A解析：根据后一句 I mean hes so _ and so good at everything可知，作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故选 A 项。4C解析
29、： 根据第一段第二句中的everybody expects you to be special or和该空后的so good aleverything 可知，作者认为父亲很特别，special 意为“特别的”。故选 C 项。5D解析： 根据该空前的 doing something spectacular 可知此处指的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。impress sb 意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故选 D 项。6B解析：根据空后的 a Fathers Day essay contest 可知，作者的老师宣布了一个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce 意为“宣布”。故选 B
30、项。7C解析：结合语境可知此处指的是，作者在回家的路上，一边走一边想自己的父亲。thinkabout 意为“考虑；思考”。故选 C 项。8D解析： 根据空后的 had a nightmare 可知此处指的是， 当作者是个小孩子， 做噩梦的时候，父亲会陪作者一起坐在黑暗当中。故选 D 项。9A解析：此处指的是，他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please 意为“使高兴”。故选 A 项。10D解析：根据上一段的描述可知，作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory 意为“记忆”。故选 D 项。11C解析：根据后一句 Youre the only one in town whose father
31、is an astronaut可知，邻居确信作者会在比赛中获胜。bet 意为“打赌；确信”。故选 C 项。12A解析：句意为：我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选 A 项。merely 意为“仅仅；只不过”。13B解析： 根据第三段和倒数第二、 三段的描述可知， 台下除了学生以外， 还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience 意为“观众”。故选 B 项。14C解析：根据前文中的 I saw my father blowing his nose可知，父亲擤了擤鼻子，此处则应指他清了清嗓子，把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear ones throat 意为“
32、清嗓子”。故选C 项。15B解析：根据下文中的 It was the proudest moment of my life，too可知，此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选 B 项。.【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔，老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。1. ninth解析：考査序数词。此处指“九年级”，定冠词the修饰序数词，故填ninth。2. sitting解析：考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered，现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩，故填sitting。3. if/whether解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whethe
33、r。4. hers解析：考査代同。此处指“她的笔相当于her pen，应用名词性物主代词，故填hers。5. asked解析： 考查动词时态。 全文讲述的是过去发生的事， 谓语动词用一般过去时。 故填asked。6. to stand解析：考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to stand。7. feet解析：考査名词复数。此处由two修饰，即指“两只脚”，应用foot的复数形式。故填feet。8. when解析：考查连词。分析句意可知，当人们做一些不诚实的事情时，他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。9. seriously解析：考查副词。此处修饰动同think要用副词，指“认真地想”。故填seriously 。10. about解析： 考查介词。 分析句意可知， 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填about。
