1、主语从句主语从句定义定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：1 从属连词从属连词: that, whether；2 连接代词连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和和 which (whichever)；3 连接副词连接副词: when, where, how 和和 why。连接词连接词：1. 从属连词：从属连词：that， whether1）that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that 本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether 意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。不可
2、用 if 代替。a.That price will go up is certain.That she survived the accident is a miracle.b. Whether they would support us was a problem.Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.2. 连接代词连接代词 who ，what ， which, whatever,whichever,whoever (Who, whom, which, what 可以和 ever 构成合成词，和 what 一样引导从句，eve
3、r 起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it 引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。Which side will win is not clear.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever he did is right.Who killed the scientist remains a question.1）What 和 that 引导的主语从句的区别： that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分， 没有意思。What不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主
4、语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。What we need is money.That he will come is certain.2）whatever / whoever 的用法（ever=no matter -让步状语从句中）whatever / whoever 可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、 宾语、 表语等,不含疑问意义。 whatever相当于 anything that; whoever 相当于 anyone who。例如:注：whatever / whoever 的功用whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。 要注意和
5、 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）3 连接副词连接副词 when，where， how，why 等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种
6、成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone.When he will be back depends on the weather.When well start tomorrow will be told soon.Where the test will be given is not yet decided.4 主语从句后置主语从句后置： 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain. = Its certain that we shall
7、 be late.1）用 it 作形式主语的结构A. It + be + 形容词形容词 +that 从句从句(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)It is likely that 很可能；It is important that 重要的是It is essential that.It obvious that .It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.B. It + be + 名词
8、词组名词词组 + that 从句从句(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如：It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that是事实Its a pity that we cant go.C It + be + 过去分词过去分词 + that 从句从句 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。 ）It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
9、It is reported that 据报道；D. It + 不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语 + that 从句从句 ( seem，happen, doesnt matter ,turn out）It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It happened that I saw him yesterday.2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句：a.
10、Whether they would support us was a problem.b. It was a problem whether they would support us.3）主语从句中的否定前移当用 it 作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:It doesnt seem that they are from the same university.5. 注意注意：1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。误：They should like each other is natural.正： That they sho
11、uld like each other is natural.2）在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that 从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should 有时可以省略。主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数.It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.3) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible
12、 that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气,用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should 有时可以省略。It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。对关系代词型 what 引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What we need
13、 is money.What I want to know is this.5）在 It is funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that 从句中，有时谓语部分用should + 动词原形，来表达说话者的感情色彩，此时 should 也可省略。6）It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有 It be.that.之类的语言标志,但不同的是:前者中的 that 从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的 It be 和 that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的
14、 It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名.It is Mary that has won first place.正是玛莉得了第一名.【强调】6.主语从句的规律主语从句的规律：规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。When will he come is not known.正：When
15、 he will come is not known.规律二、连词规律二、连词 that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.规律三、规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但 if 不能不能If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
16、正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。That whether he will help others is a fact.正：That he will help others is a fact.规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。When he will come are a puzzle.正：When he will come is a puzzle.规律
17、六、规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。What he needs is that book.What he needs are some books.规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.7
18、 连词连词 that 的省略问题的省略问题引导主语从句的连词 that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若 that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语 it，则 that可以省略：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that 不可省)It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that 可省)练习练习填空填空1_ she said is wrong.2_ or not is
19、still uncertain.3_ he saw both surprised and frightened him.4_ is a pity that he should feel so upset.5 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.6 Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.7_ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.8_ you dont like him is none of my business.9_
20、 well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.10_well finish translating the book depends on the time.11_you come or not is up to you.12_team will win the match is a matter of public concern.13_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.14_ he didnt attend the meeting yesterday wasnt quite
21、 clear.15 The Foreign Minister said, “ It is our hope _ the two sides will work towards peace.”16_ Mary has left is still a question.17_ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.18 _ suddenly occurred to me that I had left my keys at home.19 It is a fact _ English is being accepted as
22、 an international language.20 It is likely _ he is the winner of this game.2122_ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy.23 Its a pity_ you cant attend my birthday party.24_ breaks the law should be punished.25 It is necessary _ the problem (should) be solved at o
23、nce.26_ he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。27 It is possible _ he has stolen the car.28 _ he wants is all here.29 _ he worked it out is still a secret.他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密30_ they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。31_ they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。32_ we need is m
24、oney. 我们需要的是钱。33_ we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。34_ this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。35_ I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。36 _ well go camping tomorrow has kept us all excited the whole day.主语从句练习主语从句练习1 what / thata._ he said at the meeting surprised
25、 us.b._ he turned up at the meeting surprised us.2. if / whether_you go or stay at home wont make any differences.3._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. WhichB. ThatC. IfD. How4.no matter how/who/what/where/whenWe are ready to do _ the country wants us to do.A. whatB. whichC. no
26、 matter whatD. whatever5.It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. ThatB. WhyC. WhatD.How6. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .AIfB WhetherC ThatD Where7._ is known to us all is thatAmerica is a developed country .A
27、WhichBAsCWhatDIt8. Its known to us all _ a form of energy .A. water isB. that water isC. is waterD. that water to9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whetherB.thatC. whatD. when10._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhatD. That11. _ his dream of go
28、ing to college will come true is uncertain.A.ThatB. WhetherC. IfD. Even if12. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that13. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. ThatB. WhyC. HowD. Who14.It remains a question _ we can get so
29、 much money in such a short time.A.howB. thatC. whenD. what15. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. that if16._you come or not is up to you.A. WhatB. IfC. WhyD. Whether17. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is saidB. They are sa
30、idC. It saidD. It says18. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where19. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. how20._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where21. _surp
31、rised me most was _such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; what22. ._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. IfB. WhereC. ThatD. What23. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest
32、 in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whyC. What; becauseD. Why; that24._ you dont like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether25. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It26. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the light
33、s.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who27._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever28. Is this factoryyou visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one29_ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. ThatB. WhatC. HowD. Which30. Its uncertain _ the
34、experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. how31. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expectedB. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expectedD. Whatwhat you had expected32._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.doB. That.doC. If.doesD. That.does
35、33 It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.AwhichBwhatCthatDif34 Its obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.AasBthatCwhichDwhether35 It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousandpatients ha
36、ve taken it.AthatBhowCwhatDwhether主语从句改错主语从句改错1. That the old man s son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden.2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space.3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance.4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games
37、will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation.5.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.8. When will win
38、 the English competition is still a problem.9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet.10. Its strange when he should have gone away without telling us.11. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.12. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.13. That the
39、professor said is of great importance.14 It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。找出下列句子中的主语从句及其引导词，并指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious.3. It is certain that we shall
40、 be late.4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？6. It is clear that he was telling the truth.7. Its probable that well be a little late.8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery.9. It worried her a bit that her hair was turn
41、ing grey.10. It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was.11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.12. Its a pity that you cant go with us.13. What he did is not yet known.14. It is said that he has been there many times.15. It is not yet clear who was responsible for th
42、e accident.16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question.17. It seems that he has lost something.18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle.20. It remains a problem whether it is true.21. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.22. What she looks like doesnt matter.23. How this happened is not clear to anyone.24. Whoever comes is welcome.25. Whether hell come here isnt clear.
