1、- 1 -UNIT FOUR1.astronaut strnt : n. 宇航员宇航员; 太空人太空人spaceman/spacewoman: n. 宇航员宇航员2. mental mentl : adj. 精神的精神的; 思想的思想的physical: adj. 身体的身体的spirit:n. 精神精神; 心灵心灵; 情绪情绪thought:n. 思想思想; 想法想法3. cm = centimeter/centimetre sentimi:t(r) : n. 厘米厘米millimeter/millimetre: n. 毫米毫米meter/metre: n. 米米; 公尺公尺kilomete
2、r/kilometre: n. 千米千米; 公里公里4. intelligent nteldnt :adj.有智慧的有智慧的;聪明的聪明的;有智力的有智力的clever: adj. 聪明的聪明的; 灵巧的灵巧的; 熟练的熟练的; 精明的精明的bright: adj. 聪明的聪明的; 明亮的明亮的wise: adj. 明智的明智的; 英明的英明的; 充满智慧的充满智慧的smart: adj. 聪明的聪明的; 精明的精明的5. rocket rkt: n. 火箭火箭;火箭弹火箭弹rock: n. 岩石岩石; 礁石礁石6. frontier frnt(r): n. 边境边境;国界国界;边远地区边远地
3、区(指两国接壤的前沿地区，多有军队驻防指两国接壤的前沿地区，多有军队驻防)border: n. 边界边界; 边境边境(多指靠近两国或两地区分界线的区域多指靠近两国或两地区分界线的区域)front: n. 前面前面; 前部前部; 前线前线adj. 前面的前面的; 前部的前部的; 在前的在前的7. vehicle vikl : n. 交通工具交通工具;车辆车辆car: n. 小车小车; 轿车轿车taxi: n. 出租车出租车; 计程车计程车jeep: n. 吉普车吉普车bus: n. 公共汽车公共汽车truck: n. 卡车卡车train: n. 火车火车ship: n. 船船; 舰舰boat:
4、n. 小船小船; 船船plane: n. 飞机飞机aircraft: n. 飞机飞机helicopter: n. 直升机直升机spaceship/spacecraft: n. 宇宙飞船宇宙飞船bike/bicycle: n. 自行车自行车motorbike/motorcycle: n. 摩托车摩托车8. universe junvs : n. 宇宙宇宙;天地万物天地万物earth: n. 地球地球moon: n. 月球月球9.determined dtmnd: adj.有决心的有决心的; 意志坚定的意志坚定的be determined to do: 决心做决心做determine dtmn:
5、vt. 查明查明;确定确定;决定决定determination dt:mnen:n. 决心决心;决定决定determine/decide to do: 决定做决定做10. satellite stlat : n. 人造卫星人造卫星;卫星卫星star: n. 恒星恒星planet: n. 行星行星11. launch lnt: v./n 发射发射;发起发起;上市上市send up：发射：发射12. giant dant: adj. 巨大的巨大的;伟大的伟大的n. 巨人巨人;巨兽巨兽;伟人伟人big: adj. 大的大的;巨大的巨大的; 年龄较大的年龄较大的;重大的重大的; 严重的严重的huge:
6、 adj. 巨大的巨大的;庞大的庞大的large: adj. 大的大的; 大量的大量的; 大规模的大规模的great: adj. 伟大的伟大的: 巨大的巨大的; 极大的极大的; 大的大的13. mankind mnkand : n.人类人类(前不用冠词，接单数动词前不用冠词，接单数动词/复数动词复数动词)all mankind: 全人类全人类man: n. 人类人类(不可数名词，前不用冠词，接单数动词不可数名词，前不用冠词，接单数动词)14. agency ednsi: n(政府的政府的)专门机构专门机构;服务机构服务机构;代理处代理处agent: n.代理人代理人;经纪人经纪人a trave
7、l agency: 旅行社旅行社15. disappointed dspntd : adj.失望的失望的;沮丧的沮丧的disappoint ,dspnt: v. 使失望使失望/破灭破灭/落空落空disappointing: adj. 使人使人/令人失望的令人失望的/沮丧的沮丧的disappointment: n. 失望失望;沮丧沮丧be disappointed at/by/in/with.: 对什么失望对什么失望be disappointed in/with.: 对某人失望对某人失望to ones disappointment: 使人失望的是使人失望的是.1)The result of th
8、e match will disappoint all thestudents.2)All the students are disappointed at the result ofthe match.3)The result of the match is disappointing (to all- 2 -the students).16. data det: n. (复数复数)资料资料; 数据数据 (单数单数: datum)17. desire dza(r): n. 渴望渴望;欲望欲望v渴望渴望;期望期望desire to do.: 渴望渴望/期望做什么期望做什么desire sb t
9、o do.: 渴望渴望/期望某人做什么期望某人做什么desire, suggest, propose, recommend, order/instruct/command, demand, request, require, ask, urge(强烈要强烈要求求), insist(坚决要求坚决要求)等接等接 that 宾语从句时，从句用宾语从句时，从句用should do/be 结构，结构，should 可省。可省。She desires that she (should) be sent abroad to studymedicine.18. carry on: 继续做继续做; 坚持干坚持干
10、; 参加参加carry on (with) sth:继续什么继续什么carry out: 实施实施; 执行执行19.ongoing n: adj.持续存在的持续存在的;仍在进行的仍在进行的;不断发展的不断发展的outgoing: adj. 外向的外向的; 善于交际的善于交际的20.on board: 在宇宙飞船上在宇宙飞船上;在船上在船上;在飞机上在飞机上;在火车在火车上上go on board: 登上船登上船/飞机飞机/火车火车21. independently ndpendntli: adv. 独立地独立地;自立自立地地independent : adj. 独立的独立的; 自主的自主的;
11、自治的自治的depend (on/upon.): v. 依靠依靠;依赖依赖22. spacecraft speskrft: n. 航天器航天器;宇宙飞船宇宙飞船(单单/复数同形复数同形)aircraft ekrft: n.飞机飞机(单单/复数同形复数同形)spaceship: n. 宇宙飞船宇宙飞船23. signal snl: v. 标志着标志着;标明标明;发信号发信号n. 信号信号;标志标志sign san: v. 签署签署; 签字签字n. 标志标志; 迹象迹象; 预兆预兆; 招牌招牌; 指示牌指示牌sigh sa: v. 叹息叹息; 叹气叹气n. 叹息叹息; 叹气叹气sight sat:
12、 n. 看见看见; 视力视力; 视野视野traffic signals: 交通信号灯交通信号灯run/jump the/a red light: 闯红灯闯红灯run red lights: 闯红灯闯红灯run the lights: 闯红灯闯红灯drive/go through a red light: 闯红灯闯红灯wait for the red light to change: 等红灯等红灯wait for the green light:等红灯等红灯24. in (the) hope of doing sth: 抱着抱着的希望的希望in hopes of doing :抱着做抱着做的希望
13、的希望in the hope that: 抱着抱着的希望的希望He studies hard in the hope of attending a keyuniversity.25.so as to (do sth): 为了为了;以便以便(so as to 一般不放在句首一般不放在句首)so as not to do .: 为了不做什么为了不做什么in order (not) to do.: 为了为了(不不)做什么做什么to do.: 为了做什么为了做什么in order that+陈述句陈述句 = so that+陈述句陈述句:为了为了Many people have to wear gla
14、sses to/in order to/so as tosee distant objects clearly.= To/In order to see distant objects clearly, manypeople have to wear glasses.26.muscle msl: n. 肌肉肌肉;实力实力;影响力影响力fat: n. 肥肉肥肉; 脂肪脂肪27. lack lk: n. 缺乏缺乏;短缺短缺v.没有没有;缺乏缺乏a lack of food/money/skills: 缺乏食物缺乏食物/金钱金钱/技能技能through/for lack of.: 因为缺乏因为缺乏2
15、8.otherwise waz : adv.否则否则;要不然要不然 = or = orelse1)Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down- 3 -whileworkinginspacebecauseeverything would floatoff otherwise.2)You must work hard at the factory,otherwise/or/orelse you will be fired.3)Shut the windows, otherwise/or/or else itll get toocold
16、in here.29. beyond bjnd: prep.在更远处在更远处;超出超出without/beyond doubt: 毫无疑问毫无疑问; 的确的确beyond repair: 无法修复无法修复beyond/above/out of ones reach:在摸在摸/够够/拿不到的地方拿不到的地方in/within ones reach:在摸在摸/够够/拿得到的地方拿得到的地方It is beyond sb that/why:使某人无法理解使某人无法理解/想象想象Its beyond me why she wants to marry Bob.30.solar sl(r): adj.太
17、阳的太阳的;太阳能的太阳能的sun: n. 太阳太阳31.the solar system: 太阳系太阳系;类太阳系类太阳系32.figure out: 弄懂弄懂; 弄清楚弄清楚; 弄明白弄明白; 计算计算33. sufficient sfnt : adj. 足够的足够的;充足的充足的enough nf: 足够的足够的;充足的充足的;充分的充分的ample mpl: 足够的足够的; 丰裕的丰裕的adequate dkwt: 足够的足够的abundant bndnt: 充裕的充裕的;丰富的丰富的34. soap sp: n. 肥皂肥皂toilet/perfumed/fancy soap: 香皂香
18、皂a bar/piece of soap : 一块肥皂一块肥皂a soap opera: 肥皂剧肥皂剧35. tissue tu/tisju: n.纸巾纸巾; (人人/动植物细胞的动植物细胞的)组织组织muscle/brain/nerve tissue : 肌肉肌肉/大脑大脑/神经组织神经组织a box of tissues: 一盒纸巾一盒纸巾36.facility fslti : n. 设施设施;设备设备equipment kwpmnt:n. 设备设备; 装备装备(不可数名词不可数名词)37. keen kin:adj. 热衷的热衷的;渴望的渴望的be keen to do.: 热衷热衷/渴
19、望渴望/急于做什么急于做什么be keen on doing.: 喜欢做什么喜欢做什么be keen on sth/sb.: 喜欢喜欢; 喜爱喜爱; 着迷着迷be eager to do.: 渴望做什么渴望做什么be anxious to do.: 渴望渴望/急于做什么急于做什么38. globe lb: n.地球地球;世界世界;地球仪地球仪global glbl: adj. 全球的全球的;全世界的全世界的world: n.世界世界; 天下天下; 地球地球earth: n. 地球地球; 陆地陆地; 泥土泥土39. argue ju: v. 论证论证;争辩争辩;争论争论; 证明证明; 说明说明a
20、rgument jmnt: n. 争论争论; 争吵争吵; 辩论辩论;理由理由; 证据证据win/lose an argument : 辩论赢了辩论赢了/输了输了argue for:赞成赞成argue against: 反对反对argue with sb. on over/about sth. 与某人争论某事与某人争论某事argue/talk/persuade/reason sb into doing:说服某人做什么说服某人做什么argue/talk/persuade/reason sb out of doing:说服某人不做什么说服某人不做什么persuade sb. (not) to do
21、sth.说服某人做说服某人做/不做某事不做某事40. fatal fetl: adj. 致命的致命的;灾难性的灾难性的fate: n. 命运命运; 天数天数;天意天意deadly: adj. 致命的致命的; 致死的致死的; 彻底的彻底的disaster: n. 灾难灾难a fatal accident/illness/mistake/error/blow :致命的事故致命的事故/疾病疾病/错误错误/打击打击41.shallow l: adj.肤浅的肤浅的;浅的浅的deep: adj. 深的深的42. result in.: 导致导致;造成造成lead to.:导致导致; 通向通向cause:
22、v. 引起引起; 造成造成; 导致导致result from:由由导致导致1)The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam.2)The traffic jam resulted from the bad weather.- 4 -43. pattern ptn: n. 模式模式;图案图案;模范模范set a pattern for. :为为树立榜样树立榜样set an example to/for sb:为为树立榜样树立榜样44. analysis nlss: n.(复数复数 analysesnlsiz)(对事物的对事物的)分析分析;分析结果分析结果a
23、nalyse/analyze nlaz: v. 分析分析45. as a result: 所以所以; 结果结果(是是)as a result of：由于：由于result in.: 导致导致;造成造成result from:由由导致导致result rzlt:n. 结果结果; 后果后果; 结果结果v.(因因)发生发生; (随随)产生产生46.high-end: adj. 高端的高端的low-end: adj. 低端的低端的47. regularly rejlli: adv. 经常经常;定期地定期地often: adj. 经常经常; 时常时常; 常常常常regular rejl(r): adj.
24、 定期的定期的; 经常的经常的;正常的正常的48. smartphone smtfn : n.智能手机智能手机cellphone: n. 手机手机mobile phone: 手机手机; 移动电话移动电话phone/telephone: n. 电话电话49.resource rss : n. 资源资源;财力财力;物力物力source: n. 来源来源; 根源根源; 出处出处; 起源起源50. limited lmtd : adj.有限的有限的limit: v. 限制限制; 限定限定n. 限度限度; 限额限额; 界限界限limitto: 把把限制在限制在a limited company: 股份有
25、限公司股份有限公司;有限责任公司有限责任公司limited company = Ltd(用于具体的公司用于具体的公司/商行名称后商行名称后)Dajiang Trading Co., Ltd.大江贸易大江贸易有限公司有限公司Chongqing Hualing Limited Company:重庆华陵重庆华陵有限公司有限公司Chongqing Hualing Co., Ltd:重庆华陵重庆华陵有限公司有限公司Maoyuan (China) Company Limited:茂源茂源(中国中国) 有限公司有限公司Anan International Group Limited Company:安安国际
26、集团有限公司安安国际集团有限公司51. provide for sb: 提供生活所需提供生活所需; 供养供养; 抚养抚养support: v. 赡养赡养; 抚养抚养raise: v. 抚养抚养; 养育养育keep: v. 供养供养; 养活养活feed: v. 喂养喂养; 饲养饲养; 给给.食物食物supply sb with= supplyto/for sb: 向向提供提供= provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb= offer sb sth = offer sth to sb52.closing klz : adj. 结尾的结尾的;结束的结束的n.
27、停业停业;关闭关闭;倒闭倒闭close: v. 关闭关闭; 关关; 合上合上; (使使)关门关门in the closing stages of:在在.快结束的时候快结束的时候/末期末期53. in closing: 最后最后;在结束时在结束时finally: 最后最后; 终于终于in the end: 最后最后; 终于终于at last: 最后最后; 终于终于54. mystery mstri: n. 神秘事物神秘事物;谜谜puzzle: n. 谜谜; 智力游戏智力游戏; 不解之谜不解之谜a mystery novel: 悬疑小说悬疑小说remain a mystery: 仍是个谜仍是个谜s
28、olve a mystery: 破解谜案破解谜案55. run out (of.): 用完用完;耗尽耗尽be/go/run short of：缺乏：缺乏wear out: 穿破穿破; 磨损磨损; 用坏用坏; 使筋疲力尽使筋疲力尽1)Their oil/money/food has run out.2)Now they have run out of time/food/money.- 5 -56. attach tt: v.系系; 绑绑; 贴贴attach.to.: 把把.系系/绑绑/贴贴.tieto: 把把栓在栓在/系在系在fastento: 把把.系在系在.attach to:归属归属;
29、附属附属be attached to: 附属于附属于; 喜欢喜欢attach importance/value/weight to:认为认为重要重要/有价值有价值/有有分量分量1)The hospital/school is attached to that university.2)We attach great importance to this research.57. be curious about.: 对对.好奇好奇58. do a lot of training: 进行大量训练进行大量训练/培训培训59. in height：高度：高度; 身高身高in weight: 体重体重
30、; 重量重量by weight: 以重量为单位以重量为单位60. say to oneself: 心里想心里想; 暗想暗想61. go wrong：(情况情况)出岔子出岔子; 出差错出差错go well/fine:进展顺利进展顺利go/run smoothly：进展顺利：进展顺利62. make sure:保证保证; 确保确保make sure to do: 保证保证/确保做什么确保做什么make sure of: 查明查明; 弄准确弄准确make sure that: 保证保证; 确保确保63. success skses: n. 成功成功; 成就成就; 胜利胜利; 成功的人成功的人/事事s
31、uccessful sksesfl: 成功的成功的successfully: 成功地成功地succeed：v. 成功成功succeed in: 在在方面成功方面成功succeed in doing: 成功做成功做be successful in sth/doing.:64. look up at.:抬头看抬头看.look up:(在词典在词典/书等里书等里)查找查找65. in space: 在太空在太空travel into space： 太空旅行太空旅行send people into space: 把人送入太空把人送入太空go into space: 进入太空进入太空carry. int
32、o space: 把把.送入太空送入太空66. believe in sb:相信某人相信某人believe in sth:相信某事相信某事; 认为某事好认为某事好believe sb/what:相信某人的话相信某人的话67. the second/third.: 第二第二/第三第三.(强调顺序强调顺序)a second/third.: 又一又一; 再一再一(不强调顺序不强调顺序)1)He ate a second apple.2)He ate the second apple.3)The boss has had two cars ,but he wants to buy a thirdone
33、 .4)They have three children now, but they want a fourthchild.68. that,that, thosethose 代替前面的名词代替前面的名词:thatthat: 代物代物(单数单数/不可数名词不可数名词)thosethose: 代人代人/物物(复数复数). thanthan that/thosethat/those . asas . asas that/thosethat/those .1)The population of China is larger than thatthat of the US.2)The car mad
34、e in China is cheaper than thatthat madein Germany.3)The stamp in the album is more expensive than thatthat /the one in the box.4)The students in Senior Three are much taller than thosethosein Junior One.5)The trees by the river are thicker(粗粗) than thosethose/the ones- 6 -on the hill.6)The climate
35、of Beijing is as bad as thatthat of Tianjin.7)The students in Class 9 study as hard as thosethose in Class10.69. the most expensive car: 最贵的小车最贵的小车a most/very expensive car: 非常贵的小车非常贵的小车70. It is a waste of + 钱钱/时间时间 to do: 做做是浪费是浪费waste 钱钱/时间时间 on sth：在：在上浪费上浪费waste(in) doing: 浪费浪费做做71. a solution
36、to sth: 什么的解决办法什么的解决办法/答案答案/谜底谜底answer to: 的答案的答案key to: 的答案的答案/钥匙钥匙/关键关键check the answer: 核对答案核对答案72. fail to do:没能做没能做fail maths：数学不及格数学不及格fail (in) the exam/test：考试不及格：考试不及格73. make a difference : 有作用有作用/影响影响/作为作为/关系关系;有所不同有所不同; 与众不同与众不同;促成改变促成改变/变化变化make all the difference ( to.):关系重大关系重大; 大不相同大
37、不相同make a/some/no difference ( to. ):对对.有有/无作用无作用(影响影响/关系关系)74. on Mars/Earth: 在火星在火星/地球上地球上on the earth: 在地球上在地球上75. meet/satisfy/fill/cover ones need/requirement/demand:满足需要满足需要76. in all kinds of industries: 在各行各业在各行各业77. be/get close to：靠近：靠近be/get closer to：更靠近：更靠近78. be supposed to do: 必须必须/应该
38、做什么应该做什么79. on/upon foot：步行：步行80. alone:adj./adv.独自独自; 单独单独; 仅仅仅仅;孤独孤独; 寂寞寂寞; 孤苦伶仃孤苦伶仃; 无依无靠无依无靠lonely: adj. 孤独的孤独的; 寂寞的寂寞的; 偏僻的偏僻的;人迹罕至的人迹罕至的81.倍数的四种表示法：倍数的四种表示法：A A.twice/twice/threethree timestimes + + 比较级比较级 + + thanthan: :.比比.两倍两倍/ /三倍三倍1)This railway is twicetwice longerlonger thanthan that on
39、e.2)My digital camera is threethree timestimes moremore expensiveexpensivethanthan yours.B B. twice/twice/threethree timestimes asasasas: :.是是.两倍两倍/ /三倍三倍1)Asia is fourfour timestimes asas largelarge asas Europe2)Betty is threethree timestimes asas talltall asas Rose.3)The plane flew tenten timestim
40、es asas highhigh asas the kite.C C.twice/twice/fourfour timestimes thethe heightheight ofof : :.是是.高度高度(.)(.)的两倍的两倍/ /四倍四倍【weight, width, depth, length, size, amount, age】1)This bridge is twicetwice thethe widthwidth ofof the one over theRiver Thames.2)The earth is forty-nineforty-nine timestimes th
41、ethe sizesize ofof the moon.D D倍数倍数 + 名词名词1)At 100, he is twicetwice mymy ageage.2)To get the new car, the boss must pay almost fourfour timestimesthethe priceprice.3)China has eighteight timestimes thethe populationpopulation of that country.82.82.本单元语法本单元语法: :不定式作定语和状语不定式作定语和状语1)To attend a key un
42、iversity, you must study hard.2)I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.3)As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calmin order to work in space.4)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a- 7 -related college degree .5)Some scientists were determined to
43、help humans realisetheir dream to explore space.6)On 12April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person inthe world to go into space.7)Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependently send humans into space in 2003.8)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, butthe desire to explore the universe never died.【前四句划线部分作状语；后四句作定语前四句划线部分作状语；后四句作定语】8
