1、Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures 导学案导学案情态动词(情态动词(Modal verbs)和过去将来时()和过去将来时(The past future tense)情境导入观察下面对话, 体会黑体词在句中的语气和含义。观察上面对话中黑体部分, 并类比填空:(1)There_ be a number of people in my position.一定有很多人处在我这种境况。(2)He said he_ be here at eight oclock.他说他将在八点钟到达这里。(3)The roads_ be less crowded today.今天路
2、上该不那么拥挤了吧。(4)Dont worry yourself about me, I _ take care of myself.你别担心我, 我能照顾自己。要点详解情态动词()can/could1. 表示能力, can 表示现在的能力, could 主要指过去的能力。* You can tell the significance of climate change to us. 你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。*(2019 天津高考) I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, butI c
3、ouldnt manage it.我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚, 但没有做到。【高频易错】can 表示能力的时候, 还可以用 be able to 代替, 表示后 来通过努力终于做成了某事。* He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人, 所以当船下沉时, 他能够游 到河岸上。2. 表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时, 两者均可用. 但用 could 语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用 can, 而不用 could。* Can/Coul
4、d I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can. /No, Im afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?是的, 可以。/不, 恐怕不行。* You can go with them if you like.如果你愿意的话, 可以和他们一起去。3. 表示推测。can 表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could 一般无此限制) 。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时, 常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。* It cant/couldnt be true.那不可能是真的。* Can/Could he have
5、heard the news?他听说过这个消息了吗?4. 表示客观的、一时的情况, 意思是“有时候会”。* The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.上海冬季可能很冷。5. 表示惊异、怀疑, 不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中) 。* How can you be so careless!你怎么那么粗心呀!及时演练及时演练选词填空 can, could, be able to(1)My grandma is well over eighty, but she _ read without glasses.(2)
6、Being a wise person, he finally _ find the place.(3)The cheater said that he_ turn stone into gold.(二)may/might1. 表示请求或允许, might 可以指过去时间, 也可指现在时间, 语气更委婉。对 may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用 may 或 can, 但作否定回答时要用 mustnt 或 cant。* You may come if you wish.如果你想来, 你就来。* May (Might)I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的
7、照片吗?* May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. Youd better not.我可以在这里吸烟吗?不, 不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2. 表示可能。可以指过去时间, 也可以指现在时间, 但语气不肯定。* (2019 全国卷 I)The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. 人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。* She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。3. 用于表祝愿的句子中。* May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝
8、新娘新郎幸福长寿。及时演练及时演练(1)Are you going to her party?Im not sure. I _ stay home and help my brother with his homework.(2)_ you have a happy weekend.(三)must/have to1. must 表示必须, 没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法, 也表责任或义务。have to 表示“必须, 不得不”, 是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须, 不得不”做某事。mustnt 表示禁止做某事;have to 的否定形式表示“不必”。have to 可用于多种时态中。*
9、(2019 全国卷)I work not because I have to, but because I want to. 我工作不是因为我不得不做, 而是因为我想做。 (客观上需要做这件事)* (2019 全国卷)You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.在设定目标时, 你必须牢记这些要点。 (主观上要做这件事)【高频易错】回答 must 引出的疑问句时. 如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustnt, 而要用 neednt 或dont have to。* Must we hand in our exercise b
10、ooks now?Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to. )我们现在就必须要交练习本吗?是的, 必须。 (不, 不必。 )2. must 表示猜测。意为“想必, 准是, 一定”, 只用于肯定句。* The book must be the one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。* Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链, 她一定很有钱。3. must 还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。* Why mu
11、st it rain on Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨?及时演练用适当的情态动词填空(1)My sister is ill;my mother_ look after her.(2)Theres a lot of noise from next door. They _be having a party.(3)Must I return all the books in three days?Yes, you_. (No, you_. )(4)If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over.(四)shall1. 表示征询意见, 用
12、于第一、第三人称疑问句。* Shall I get you some more tea?再来点茶好吗?* Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗?2. 表示说话人的意愿, 有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思, 用于第二、第三人称陈述句。* You shall come on time.你必须准时到。 (命令)* He shall have the book when I finish reading it.我读完这本书就给他。 (允诺)* Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事情能阻止我们
13、实施这项计划。 (决心)* No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.未经许可, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。 (警告)3. 表示强制, 用于法令、条约、规章中, 意为“必须;应该”。* One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们规定中的其中一项是: 每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。* Each part shall respect the articles of this contract
14、. 任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。及时演练写出下列句中 shall 的含义(1)You shall fail if you dont work harder.()(2)You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.()(3)You shall be punished for what youve done.()(4)Shall I watch TV for a while?()(五)should1. 表示义务、责任, 意为“应该”, 用于各种人称。* You should be polite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。2. 表示可能
15、性很大的猜测, 说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断, 意为“想必一定, 照说应该, 估计”等。* The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的, 估计拍得很好。3. 表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然, 竟然”。*Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶, 你竟然穿着拖鞋上班!及时演练(1)Such a clever boy_ fail the exam.(2)We_ obey the school
16、rules and work hard(3)Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She _be here at any moment.(六)will/would1. 表示意志或意愿。will 指现在, would 指过去, 用于否定 句表示“不肯, 不乐意”。* I will never do that again.我决不会再做那种事了。2. 表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中, will 和 would 均可用, would此时不表示过去, 而是表示委婉语气。* Will/Would you pass me the book?
17、请你把书递给我好吗?3. will 和 would 可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是; 常常”。* When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me. 我父母外出的时候,总是祖母照看我。* (2019 江苏高考)I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcomeceremony. 我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。及时演练(1)He _ go to the river nearby to fish on w
18、eekends when he was young.(2)Sorry, I forgot to tell John about your party.-Doesnt matter. I_ call him in a while.(3)_ you open the window, please? I feel it is a little stuffy here.(七)need1. 用作情态动词, need 意为“需要, 有必要”, 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need 提前, 否定形式是在 need 后加 not。* You neednt come here this afternoo
19、n.你今天下午不必来。2. 用作实意动词, 意为“需要, 有必要”, 可以用于各种句式中。* You dont need to go now. 你不必现在就走。* I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。* Do we need to finish all the work today?我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?及时演练(1)Must I stay here? No, you_.(2)You_ not be told twice about one single thing.(八)dare1. dare 作情态动词时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为
20、 dared。* How dare you say Im unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平?* He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?他不敢在这么多人面前说英语,是吗?* If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 如果那天我们不敢去那里, 我们就得不到美丽的花。2. dare 作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中, dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中, dare 后面可接带 to 或不带
21、 to 的不定式。* I dare to swim across this river. 我敢游过这条河。* He doesnt dare (to)answer. 他不敢回答。及时演练(1)How_ you fight against him?(2)No one_ say he had nothing on.二、过去将来时1. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/ should +动词原形”构成。* She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。* I r
22、ang up to tell my father that I should leave for Londoa 我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。2. was/were going to+动词原形: 表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作, 常用于口语中, 表示预言、意图或者打算等。*Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?爱丽丝, 你昨天为什么没来呀?I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.-一我打算去的, 但我家来了个不速之客。3. was/were about to do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作, “刚
23、要/正要做”。 注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。* I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。4. start, go, come, leave, see, meet 等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。* She was coming later.她随后就来。* I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。5. was/were to do: 表示
24、“曾计划做某事”, 如果表示“本来计划做某事, 动作没实现”, 则需用“was/were to have done”。* She said she was to have told me about the accident.她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。* He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 p. m.他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。及时演练用所给动词的适当形式完成句子(1)She said the bus_ (leave)at five the next morning.(2)I wasnt sure whether
25、 he _(lend)me his book the next morning.(3)At that time he did not know that quitting the job _ (become)the turningpoint in his life.(4)He said he_(visit)China the next week.(5)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits _(be)hard-earned.参考答案参考答案【情境导入】(l)must (2) would (3) should (4) can【
26、要点详解】一、(一)(l)can (2)was able to (3)could(二)(1) might ( 2) May(三)(1) has to (2) must (3) must ;neednt/don, t have to (4)must(四)(1)警告(2)允诺(3)威胁(4)征求意见(五)(1)should (2) should (3) should(六)(l)would (2)will (3)Would(七)(l)neednt (2)need(八)(l)dare (2)dare二、(1)was leaving (2)would lend (3)was to become (4)was going to visit(5)would be