1、必修3Unit4单元重点词语 学案1. puzzle n. 难题;谜 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么这样做对我来说仍是个谜。Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。【思维拓展】be in a puzzle about. 对迷惑不解;be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜;workout a puzzle 猜谜,解决难题;puzzle over / about 苦苦思索;仔细琢磨;sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人
2、迷惑/为难;puzzle out 苦心思索出(解决办法、答案等);be puzzled by. 被迷惑;be / feel puzzled about / over 对迷惑不解【温馨提示】puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的,作表语,表示主语(一般为人)所处的状态,还可以修饰人的表情;puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的,作表语,表示主语(一般为物)本身所具有的性质或特征。如:I was puzzled how to solve the problem. 我不知道怎样解决这个问题。The question is puzzling to me. 这个问题令我困惑。【易混辨析】 puzzle
3、 与 confuse 的区别puzzle 意为“使迷惑,使难解”,指“情况错综复杂,因而使人感到困惑不解”;confuse 意为“使困惑,把弄糊涂”,指“把事物混淆或弄乱”或“由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”,语气较弱,常指暂时现象。2. pull n. & vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引(力)She pulled the drawer open. 她拉出了抽屉。He told the children not to pull up the young plants. 他让孩子们别把幼苗拨起来了。【思维拓展】pull back 拉回來;缩回;使后退;pull down 拉下(窗帘等);拆毁;拆掉(房
4、屋等);pull out拔出;(列车等)驶出,出站;脱离;pull in(列车等)驶进,到站;靠岸,停车;pull together齐心协力;通力合作;pull through (使) 渡过危机/难关;康复;pull up 把往上拽, 停车;pullapart 拉开, 分开, 扯断;pull away (汽车) 开走;把抛在后面;pull over 靠路边停车;pulloff (匆忙地)脱下(衣物);(成功地)完成;pull on (匆忙地)穿上或戴上【易混辨析】 draw, drag 和 pull 的区别draw 常用于比喻中,指吸引注意力等,通常指较平稳地也往往是比较从容地拉;drag往往
5、指用大力气拖拉笨重物体, 有“拖拉”的意思,意味着所拖的东西阻力很大;pull 意为“拖、拉”,是普通用语,指用力拉,与 push 相对。3. exist vi. 存在;生存Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。We cant exist without food or water. 没有食物和水我们就不能生存。【思维拓展】exist on 靠生活;exist by 靠方式为生;exist in 存在于之中;exist as. 作为而存在,以形态存在;existence n. 存在;in exist
6、ence 现存的;现有的;come intoexistence 产生;存在;bring into existence 使发生;使产生;使成立【温馨提示】exist 没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。4. in time 及时;迟早;总有一天Ill see him in time. 我迟早会遇见他。Will we be in time for the six oclock train? 我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗?【思维拓展】against time 争分夺秒地,尽快地;ahead of time 提前,提早;all the time 一直,始终;astime goes by 随着时间的推
7、移;at no time 绝不,在任何时候都不;at one time 曾经,一度;ata time 一次;at the same time 同时;from time to time 有时,偶尔;have a good time 玩得愉快;in no time 立刻,马上;at times 有时;for the time being 暂时,眼下;take ones time 别着急,慢慢来【温馨提示】in time to do sth. / for sth. 来得及干某事,正好及时赶上;at no time 绝不(用在句首时,句子要部分倒装)。如:I was just in time to c
8、atch the flight. 我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人绝不会意识到发生了什么事。【易混辨析】 in time 与 on time 的区别in time 表示“及时”,意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候。如:A child ran across the road in front of my car, but I managed to stop my car just intime. 有个小孩冲出马路跑到我的车前,不过我刚好及时把车停下来。on time 表示“准时;按时”,指正好在约
9、定的时间发生。如:The 11:45 a.m. train left on time. 上午 11 时 45 分的火车按时出发了。5. prevent. from 阻止;制止The guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving. 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。Once he has made up his mind, no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.一旦他下定决心,谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。【思维拓展】prevent. from= stop. from = k
10、eep. from 使不做,阻止做,protectsb. from / against 的意思是“保护某人使免受”,from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物。prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的 from 可省略,keep sb. from doing sth.中 from 不可省略;但如在被动语态中,三者的 from 都不可省略。注意:protect sb. from / against 的意思是“保护某人使免受”,from 后接带来伤害或损害之物。6. break out 突发,爆发They had escaped to America shortly bef
11、ore the war broke out in 1939. 1939 年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。It was at midnight that a fire broke out. 就是在午夜发生了一起火灾。【思维拓展】break away from 脱离(政党等);打破(陈规等);break down 出故障;抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉;break in 破门而入;突然闯入;打断(话语等);break into 破门而入;突然起来;break off 折断;突然中止;断绝;结束;break through 突破;突围;break up打碎;拆散;散開;解散,(学校)期终
12、放假;(集会)结束【易混辨析】 take place, happen, come about 与 break out 的区别take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排;happen 作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件;come about 表示“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定句中;break out 意为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生。【温馨提示】take place, happen, come about 和 break out 都不能用于
13、被动语态。巩固训练巩固训练根据所给汉语完成句子,每空一词。1. 她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信。Shes been _ _ his strange letter for weeks.2. 老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。The teacher left the children to _ _ the answer to the problem themselves.3. 她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。Her _ look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.4. 我在末班火车驶出前到了。I arrive
14、d as the last train was pulling _.5. 这些老建筑已经因为安全原因被拆除了。The old building has been pulled _ for safety reasons.6. 医生说我很快就能康复。The doctor said I was going to pull _ soon.7. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候产生的。No one knows when such a custom _ _ _.8. 物体存在的形态有固体、液体、气体。Matter can _ _ a solid, liquid, or gas.9. 当你觉得有人威胁到你的生存
15、的时候,你应该反击来拯救自己。When you feel that someone is threatening your _, you fight back to saveyourself.10. 医生让我一次吃三颗药。The doctor told me to take three pills _ _ _.11. 虽然他是个好学生,但是他有时会迟到。Although he is a good student, he is late for class _ _.12. 一听到这个好消息,他们就马上开心地跳起来了。On hearing the good news, they jumped wi
16、th joy _ _ _.13. 人们已经采取措施阻止河流污染。Measures have been taken to _ _ _ _ _.14. 医生采取行动来防止这种疾病的蔓延。Doctors took action to _ _ _ _ _ _.15. 警察阻止他们携带武器。The police _ _ _ _ _.16. 战争爆发时他才 29 岁。He was 29 when the war _ _.答案1. puzzling about / over2. puzzle out3. puzzled4. out5. Down6. through7. came into existence / being8. exist as9. existence10. at a time11. at times12. in no time13. prevent / stop the river being polluted14. prevent / stop / keep the disease from spreading15. prevented / stopped / kept them from carrying weapons16. broke out