1、Unit 4 Space ExplorationWords and expressions(2)argue for.为而争论，(赞成)argue against 争辩(反对)argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事(1) YOUR TEXTShe has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(2) argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做(不做)某事(3) a
2、rgument n. 争论，争辩；论点Its beyond argument that 无可争辩的是 主张应该主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。1. argue vt. &vi. 争论; 争辩; 论证 againstbeyondinto介词填空He argued _ smoking，and insisted that it was _ argument that smoking was harmful to health.My younger sister thinks she can argue father_incr
3、easing her monthly pocket money.Gun control is a subject_which Americans have argued for a long time.练习练习about表示“说服做”的其他表达形式。persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.convince sb.to do sth.talk sb.into doing sth.联想归纳联想归纳 2. fatal fetl: adj. 致命的致命的;灾难性的灾难性的fate: n. 命运命运; 天数天数;天意天意deadly: adj.
4、致命的致命的; 致死致死的的disaster: n. 灾难灾难a fatal accident/illness/mistake/error/blow: 致命致命的事故的事故/疾病疾病/错误错误/打打击击1)Instead, we should feed the worlds poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases.2)A hospital spokesman said he had suffered a fatal heart illness.3)If s
5、he gets ill again, it could prove fatal.3. shallow l: adj.肤浅的肤浅的;浅的浅的 deep: adj. 深的深的shallow argumentbook, conversation 浅薄浅薄的议论的议论书书,交谈交谈 shallow breathing 浅呼吸浅呼吸 shallow还可用作名词还可用作名词,只用作复数只用作复数shallows,作作“浅滩浅滩,浅处浅处”解。例如解。例如: There are dangerous rocks and shallows near the island.岛的附近有险礁和浅滩岛的附近有险礁和浅滩
6、。shadow n.阴影阴影; 影子影子; 阴暗阴暗处处; 少许少许; 些微些微; 一丁点一丁点;swallow v.吞下吞下; 咽下咽下; 吞没吞没; 淹没淹没n.燕燕; 咽咽; 4. as a result结果结果【填一填填一填激活思维激活思维】完成句子。完成句子。(2013山东高考山东高考)_ _ _, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. 结果结果, 我别无选择只好完全专心于学习。我别无选择只好完全专心于学习。He was injured _ _ _ _ a car accident. 他因车祸而受伤。他因车祸而受伤。
7、As a resultAs a result ofas a result of因为因为; 由于由于; 作为作为的的结果结果 result from=arise from 是由是由造成的造成的( (因因) ) result in=lead to 导致导致; 造成造成( (果果) )lead to.: 导致; 通向cause: v. 引起; 造成; 导致result from: 由导致contribute to导致越来越越来越多的污染多的污染(原因原因)很多物种正在灭绝很多物种正在灭绝(结果结果)*There is more and more pollution. As a result, man
8、y species are dying out.*As a result of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.*More and more pollution has resulted in many species dying out.*The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more pollution.用result的相关短语填空(1)Success _hard work. 成功来自努力。(2)The accident _the
9、death of two passengers. 这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。(3)(2019江苏高考)_, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. 因此, 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。(4)She died _ her injuries. 她因受伤而死。results fromresulted inAs a resultas a result of5. pattern ptn: n. 模式模式;图案图案;模范模范pattern的基本意思是的基本意思是“型型,模式模式,样式样式”,是可数名词，多指某物、某事的原始模型或精
10、心设是可数名词，多指某物、某事的原始模型或精心设计的方案计的方案,借助于此来制作某物或设计某事借助于此来制作某物或设计某事,用于比喻指千篇一律或一成不变的东西用于比喻指千篇一律或一成不变的东西。pattern也可指也可指“花样花样,图案图案”,还可指事物发生或发展的还可指事物发生或发展的“方式，形式方式，形式”，是可数名词，是可数名词。pattern还可作还可作“榜样榜样,典范典范”解，此时常用于单数形式解，此时常用于单数形式。The two buildings are modeled after the same pattern.这两座建筑是按照同一模式建造的这两座建筑是按照同一模式建造的。
11、This cloth has a pattern of blue and white squares.这种布有蓝白格子的图案这种布有蓝白格子的图案。pattern可以用作可以用作动词动词pattern用作动词的意思是用作动词的意思是“模仿模仿,仿制仿制”,即在语言、行动等方面效仿他人或在样式上模仿即在语言、行动等方面效仿他人或在样式上模仿别的东西。还可指别的东西。还可指“以图案装饰以图案装饰”。I like the carpets patterned with peonies.我喜欢印有牡丹花图案的地毯。我喜欢印有牡丹花图案的地毯。6. analysis nlss: n. (复数复数analy
12、sesnlsiz) (对事物的对事物的)分析分析;分析结果分析结果 analyse/analyze nlaz: v. 分分析析短语：短语：in the final(或或last, ultimate)analysis 总之总之，归根到底，说到底，结果，归根到底，说到底，结果，毕竟毕竟1、My speech started with the situation analysis.我以形势分析开始了我的演说我以形势分析开始了我的演说。2、The comment only slammed but had no analysis at all.该篇评论只是在漫骂，根本没有分析评论该篇评论只是在漫骂，根本
13、没有分析评论。3、His analysis really hit home. I had never seen myself in that light before.他的分析的确击中要害，我自己从未有过那样的见解。他的分析的确击中要害，我自己从未有过那样的见解。7.resource rss: n. 资源资源;财力财力;物力物力 source: n. 来源来源; 根源根源; 出处出处; 起源起源Water is becoming an increasingly precious resource. 水正成为日益珍贵的资源水正成为日益珍贵的资源。Your local library will b
14、e a useful source of information. 你们当地的图书馆就是很好的资料来源。你们当地的图书馆就是很好的资料来源。8. limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 limit v. & n. 限制 limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足(1)put/set a limit to .对限制within the limits of 在的范围内without limit 无限(制)地(2)be limited to . 受限制于limit . to .把限定在的范围内Lei Feng once said there
15、 is _ to ones life, but no _to serving thepeople. I would devote my_ life to limitlessly serving the people. a limitlimitlimited人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的.我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的“为人民服务”之中去。 高考真题 limit介词填空介词填空We set a limit _ the expense of the trip.Keep _ the limits of the school campus.Any driver found drinking _
16、 the limit will be charged. (2011福建阅读福建阅读A)to beyond within limit9. provide for sb: 提供生活所需提供生活所需; 供养供养; 抚养抚养offer, provide, supply这组词都有这组词都有“提供提供”、“供给供给”的意思，但它们的具体的意思，但它们的具体用法有所不同，尤其体现在词组的固定搭配上用法有所不同，尤其体现在词组的固定搭配上。 offer提出；提出；提供提供 表示主动地向别人提供帮助、服务或物品等。它后面可跟双宾语，常用结表示主动地向别人提供帮助、服务或物品等。它后面可跟双宾语，常用结构为构为o
17、ffer sb. sth.或或offer sth. to/for sb.。offer后也可跟不定式，表示主动提出后也可跟不定式，表示主动提出做某事。做某事。例例：The young man offered the old man his own seat.这个年轻人将自己的座这个年轻人将自己的座位让给了那位老人。位让给了那位老人。He offered to help her but was refused.他表示愿意帮她，但却被拒绝了他表示愿意帮她，但却被拒绝了。2).provide提供；提供；准备准备 强调主动提供别人所需的物品或机会、关爱等抽象的事物。常用短语为强调主动提供别人所需的物品或
18、机会、关爱等抽象的事物。常用短语为provide sb. with sth.或或provide sth. for sb.，都表示，都表示“为某人提供某物为某人提供某物”。例例：The school has provided every teacher with a computer.They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.3).supply供给；补充供给；补充着重着重指提供具体的物品，如材料、食品、能源等，以满足人们日常的生活需求。常指提供具体的物品，如材料、食品、能源等，以满足人们日常的生活需求。常用表达是用表达是supp
19、ly sth. to sb.或或supply sb. with sth.，两者意思一样，可互换，两者意思一样，可互换。例：例：The factory supplies gas to consumers.That company supplies the printers with paper.那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。 offer/provide/supply(1)An international corporation _ him a well-paid job, which he refused politely, since taking it would in
20、volve traveling abroad most of the time(2)The government has _ food and shelters for those who are suffering from the earthquake(3)What I admire most in my life is doctors and others _ medical care to assistance recipients(4)As equipment improved, satellites began _ scientists with weather maps of t
21、he entire globeofferedprovidedsupplying/offeringproviding10.closing klz: adj. 结尾的结尾的;结束结束的的n. 停业停业;关闭关闭;倒闭倒闭close closed closing close adj.（在空间、时间上）接近在空间、时间上）接近; 几乎几乎(处于某种状态处于某种状态)，可能，可能(快要做某事快要做某事); 亲密的亲密的, 密切的密切的 如下如下: 1). I had no idea the beach was so close.我不知道海滩原来这么近。我不知道海滩原来这么近。 2). He was cl
22、ose to tears.他几乎快掉眼泪了。他几乎快掉眼泪了。 3). The new library is close to completion.新图书馆快要竣工了。新图书馆快要竣工了。 4). Jo is a very close friend.乔是我们亲密的朋友乔是我们亲密的朋友。closed adj.关闭关闭; （尤指一段时间）停止营业，不开放（尤指一段时间）停止营业，不开放; 封闭的封闭的, 闭关自守的闭关自守的, 不愿接受新思想的不愿接受新思想的, 如如: 5). Keep the door closed.让门关着让门关着吧吧6). This road is closed to
23、traffic.这条道路暂停通行。这条道路暂停通行。 7). He has a closed mind.他思想僵化守旧他思想僵化守旧。8). Everything was going on behind closed doors. 一切一切都在秘密地进行着都在秘密地进行着.closing 只用于名词前只用于名词前（讲话、时段或活动）接近尾声的，（讲话、时段或活动）接近尾声的，结尾的，结束的结尾的，结束的, 如如: 9). his closing remarks; the closing stages of the game. 他的结他的结束语；束语； 比赛的结束阶段比赛的结束阶段。10). T
24、hey almost won the match in the closing minutes. 最后最后几分钟的时候他们差一点赢了这场比赛。几分钟的时候他们差一点赢了这场比赛。 in closing: 最后最后;在结束时在结束时finally: 最后最后; 终于终于in the end: 最后最后; 终于终于at last: 最后最后; 终于终于In closing, it gives several thoughts on the experimental teaching. 最后，对实验教学进行了几点思考最后，对实验教学进行了几点思考。In closing, Wolff offered
25、his thanks to the Open Source community 采访结束时，采访结束时，Wolff对开源社区表示了感谢对开源社区表示了感谢1). The students must keep their eyes _.Aclose Bcloses Cclosed DClosing2). David tried _ the window, but he couldt. It was stuck. (A)close (B) to close (C) closing (D) having closed 3). If I had remembered _ the window, the
26、 thief would not have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having close4). Would you _ the window?A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed CBAA11. mystery mstri: n. 神秘事物神秘事物;谜谜puzzle: n. 谜谜; 智力游戏智力游戏; 不解之谜不解之谜a mystery novel: 悬疑小说悬疑小说remain a mystery: 仍是个谜仍是个谜solve a mystery: 破解谜案破解谜
27、案1)Shes a lady of mystery.2)It is one of the great unsolved mysteries of the 20th century.3)We will set out to find the truth behind the mystery. 12. run out (of.): 用完用完;耗尽耗尽wear out: 穿破穿破; 磨损磨损; 用坏用坏; 使筋疲力使筋疲力尽尽区别区别run out与与run out of二者二者均表示均表示“用完、耗尽用完、耗尽”，但，但run out 不及物，同不及物，同give out, run short；
28、而而run out of 及物，相当于及物，相当于use up, run short of。 对比：对比：Money is running out. 钱快用光了。钱快用光了。 Were running out of money. 我们的钱快用光了。我们的钱快用光了。 All the money has given out./All the money has been used up. 所有的钱已花光。所有的钱已花光。 The oil is running short. 油快用完了油快用完了。 He is running short of oil. 他快把油用完了。他快把油用完了。一句多译：两
29、周过去了，他们的食品用完了。 Two weeks passed, and their food ran out. Two weeks passed, and they ran out of the food. Two weeks passed, and their food gave out. Two weeks passed, and their food had been used up. Two weeks passed, and their food ran short. Two weeks passed, and they ran short of the food. 13. att
30、ach.to.: 把把.系系/绑绑/贴贴.tieto: 把把栓在栓在/系在系在fastento: 把把.系在系在. (1)attach .to认为有认为有(重要性重要性)；附上；连接；附上；连接 attach importance/value/significance to 认为有重要性认为有重要性/有价值有价值/有意义有意义(2)be attached to附属于；连在附属于；连在上上3) _ adj.依恋；附属于attachedattach (vt.) 认为有(重要性/意义等);贴上/系上;使依附/使附属;把.归于;依恋 后接介词to3)This hospital is attached
31、to the medical college .1) We should attach primary(第一位的)importance to the development of economy.2) Hell attach the label(标签) to your luggage.4) How can you attach the blame(责任) for this accident to the taxi-driver?5) I am very attached to that old picture.was attached attached attached was attache
32、d attaches consolidation 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子1.最后, 我非常感谢你的及时帮助。2.昨天下大雨了。所以, 火车延误了。3.他们下决心出国. In closing, I am very grateful to you for your timely help. It rained heavily yesterday. As a result, the train was delayed. They are determined to go abroad.4.他们已经来到北美怀着寻宝的希望. 5.他靠卖报纸养活了这么一个大家庭。6.我们不能在六个月后就把钱花光。 They have come to the North Africa in the hope of finding treasure。He himself provided for such a big family by selling newspapers. We cannot just run out of money six months later. THANK YOU!
