1、<p>12019 人教版高一英语新教材必修一人教版高一英语新教材必修一Unit 5 知识点全面背记清单知识点全面背记清单一、教材词汇表和用法一、教材词汇表和用法1accent ksnt n. 口音；腔调；重音 a strong/broad accent 浓重的口音2identityadentti n. 身份；本身；本体 Their identities were kept secret.他们的身份保密。3.vocabulary / vkbjlr ; n. 词汇 We read to improve our vocabulariesFor me , vocabulary is my
2、biggest problem. 对我来说，词汇是我最大的问题。 （P66）He has a poor vocabulary , so he cant express himself correctly.4dialect /dalekt/ n. 地方话；方言When people use words and expressions different form “standardlanguage”, it is called a dialect. 当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。I can fluently speak different dialects of Ch
3、inese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。5usage jusdn. 使用；用法；词语惯用法 Its not a word in common usage .这不是一个常用词。6.requestrkwest n/v. 请求；要求 They made a request for further aid.他们要求再给一些帮助My request was granted.我的要求得到了满足7officialfl a 官方的；正式的；公务的 official responsibilities 公务8command kmnd n/v 命令；指令；掌握 give the command 发出命令obey
4、 the captains commands 服从船长的命令 He commanded his men to retreat.他命令手下撤退The commission commanded that work on the building should cease.委员会下令那栋大楼必须停建。9spellingspel N. 拼写；拼法10expression kspren n. 词语；表示；表达；表情 an expression of support 表示支持a worried expression on her face 担心的神色 facial expressions 面部表情11sp
5、eech spit n 演讲；讲话 give/make/deliver a speech on human rights 就人权问题发表演讲12sayingse n. 谚语言论Accidents will happen , as the saying goes .常言道： “意外事，总难免。13pronunciation prnnsien n 发音；读法 a guide to English pronunciation英语发音指南14grammar rmr n. 语法 he basic rules of grammar 基本语法规则 English grammar 英语语法15.billion
6、 / bljn / n. 十亿They have spent billions of dollars on the problem .他们花了几十亿美元解决这个问题16.native / netv /adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。China is our native country, and Chinese is our na
7、tive language.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。2Australians are proud of their native wildlife.澳大利亚人为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。be native to.原产于某地 The panda is native to China. 大熊猫产于中国。n.本地人 a native of当地人/产于的动/植物 He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。17.attitude / ttju:d ; NAmE titu:d/ n. 态度；看法What is the attitude of the speaker tow
8、ards foreign language learning?演讲者对外语学习态度是什么？（P60）Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age.美是一种态度，与年龄无关。a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度Remember,keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.记住： 保持乐观的心态， 好事自然会发生。an attitude to /towards 对 .的态度We should develop a good
9、 attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。18.reference / refrns / n. 指称关系；参考 reference booksShe made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。19.refer/ rf:(r) /(referred , referred , referri
10、ng)vi.提到；参考；查阅refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.代词（it, they, she, etc.）指前面提到的某物或某人。 （P60）Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。 （P60）In his speech, he referred t
11、o a recent trip to Canada. 他在讲演中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。That remark does not refer to her.那句话不是指她说的。Dont refer to the matter again.不要再提这件事了.You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。refer to a dictionary查词典 Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典.vt.查询；叫求助
12、于 For further details I refer you to my secretary.详情请问我的秘书。20.means /mi:nz/n.方式；方法；途径Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。 （P62）This is their only means of communication. 这是他们唯一的交流方式。by means of. 用. .办法；
13、借助. .We shall solve this problem by means of law and education.3He succeeded by means of hard work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。by no means 绝不，无论如何都不 He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。【注意】 （1）means 是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。Every possible means has been tried =All possible mea
14、ns have been tried（2）先行词 means 在定语从句中充当方式状语时，引导词用 by which。This is the means by which he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。(先行词 the means 还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem by the means，因此引导词用 by which。)21.system / sstm /n.体系；制度；系统solar system太阳系 a transport system 运输系统 educational system 教育体制 ecosystem
15、生态系统People think that there are many shortcomings in educational system.人们认为教育制度有很多缺陷。The global warming will surely influence the ecosystem. 全球变暖一定会影响生态系统。22.civilization /svlazen / n.文明；文明世界 western civilization.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way （P6
16、2）The Yangtze is one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。【拓展】（1） civilize / svlaz / vt.使文明； 使开化； 启发 Knowledge can civilize people.知识能够使人有教养。The wild child found in the forest was gradually civilized 在森林里发现的野孩子逐渐被开化了。（2）civilized /svlazd/ adj. 文明的；有教养的 civilized society.Many v
17、olunteers are playing an active part in making Jinan a civilized city.许多志愿者正为济南建设文明城市发挥积极作用。He was very kind and civilized.他非常和蔼可亲，十分文雅。23.despite / dspat / prep. 即使；尽管despite the many ups and downs in its history 尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏（P62）Despite all these differences, lifestyle changes may be affecting Fr
18、ench eating habits.尽管有这些差异，生活方式变化可能在影响法国的饮食习惯。despite the fact that尽管She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。despite /in spite of（doing）sth = although/though+从句尽管He always did well at school despite /in spite of doing part-time jobs every now and then.= H
19、e always did well at school although/though he did part-time jobs every now and then.尽管偶尔做兼职，他在学校总是学习成绩很好。4【注意】 despite 和 in spite of 是介词，其后接名词或动名词做宾语，而 although/though 是连词，其后要接句子，引导让步状语从句。24.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and dow
20、ns, and without thedowns, the ups would mean nothing.当生活很艰难， 你想要放弃的时候， 请记住， 生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years.在过去的 50 年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。25. factor / fkt(r)/ n. 因素；要素There are many reasons why this has been possible but
21、one of the main factors has been the Chinese writingsystem . 这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。 （P62）Physical activity is an important factor in keeping healthy.进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。Knowledge is one of the important factors for a countrys development.知识是一个国家发展的重要因素之一。26. base /bes/ vt. 以.为据点；以.为基础base on/u
22、ponbe based on/upon 以为基础；以为根据I based my opinion on facts. = My opinion was based on facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。Their marriage was based on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。n. 底部；根据 ；基础 the economic base经济基础Plants are the base of the food chain. 植物处于食物链的最底层。27.based /beist/ 以（某事）为基础的； 以为重要部分（或特征）的At the b
23、eginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 （P62）a Chicago-based company 总部设在芝加哥的公司【注意】直接可以用 based on 作定语或状语。His uncle is going to make a film based on his story in his childhood.我的叔叔打算拍一部以他的童年故事为基础的电影。Based on a true story, the film deeply moved us.以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深
24、打动了我们。【拓展】basic /besk/ adj.基本的；首要的The basic forms of the English writing system are known as letters. 英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。 （P63）Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。basic education 基础教育28.date back to . 追溯到 （= date from）It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu . 它可以追溯到数千
25、年前龙骨的使用. . （P62）5Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century. 牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。What time can the marathon date back to?马拉松可以追溯到何时?【注意】date back to . / date from 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty.我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。29.bone / bn / n. 骨头； 骨（质 ）
26、 animal bones and shells were carved by ancient Chinese people.（P62）Many passengers suffered broken bones in the accident. 在事故中许多乘客骨折。This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼多刺。30.shell/el / n.壳；壳状物 We collected shells on the beach. 我们在海滩拾贝壳。31. symbol / smbl / n. 符号；象征By the Shang Dynasty, these sym
27、bols had become a well-developed writing system .到商朝，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。 （P62）The elephant is one of the Thailands symbols. 大象是泰国的象征之一。【拓展】 symbolize /smblaz/ vt.象征， 作为的象征 Many Chinese characters symbolize their meaning.许多汉字象征着它们的意义。 （P63）What does this strange mark symbolize?这个奇怪的符号象征什么?32.carve / k
28、:v / vt. & vi雕刻 They carved their names on the desk. 他们把自己的名字刻在书桌上。The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower. 木头雕成了花朵状。33.dynasty /dnsti; dai-/ 王朝；朝代 the Ming Dynasty vase 明朝的花瓶The Tang Dynasty made Changan its capital.唐代建都长安。34.variety/vrat/n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化it was a time when
29、people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects andcharacters. .那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。 （P62）a variety of = varieties of = various 多种多样的；各种各样的China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。I decided to leave London for a variety of / varieties of /
30、 various reasons. 由于种种原因，我决定离开伦敦。.35.major/ med(r) /adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。 （P62）Obesity obisti is a major risk factor in many diseases.肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。6Her major is French.她的专业课是法语。Shes a French major.
31、 她是法语专业的学生。vi.主修；专门研究 major in 主修学科 She majored in History at Stanford. 她在斯坦福主修历史。【拓展】majority/ mdrti/n. 多数；大部分 The majority of people prefer TV to radio.36.no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论；不管Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicat
32、e inwriting. 即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 （P62）No matter where you go in life or how old you get, theres always something new to learn about.不管你生活在哪里，你有多少岁，总有新东西要学习。【用法讲解】“no matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论” 。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。Dont open the door, no matter who calls! 不管谁叫门，都不要开！No matter what y
33、ou say, he wont believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不相信你。Ill help you no matter when you have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难，我就帮你。37. classic / klsk / adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 Classic musicPeople in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. 现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。 （P62）It is a classic sty
34、le of Chinese buildings. 这是中式建筑典型风格。n. 经典作品；名著 literature classic .As I grow older, I like to read the classics. 随着年龄渐长，我喜欢读经典著作。38.regard / rg:d / n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出（P62）W
35、e have a great regard for the advanced workers. 我们非常尊敬先进工作者。Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。vt. 把. 视为；看待 Her work is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。regard as 将认为；把视为 He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。Physics has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. 物理伤我千百
36、遍， 我待物理如初恋。39.character /krkt(r)/n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 Chinese characters 汉字（P62）On November18,1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk ofFame. 在 1978 年 11 月 18 日，米奇成了第一位入选好莱坞星光大道明星的卡通人物。Knowledge will give you power, but character respect. 知识给你力量，品格给你别人的尊敬。Ea
37、sy-going is part of his character. 随和是他的性格的一部分。740.calligraphy / klrfi / n. 书法；书法艺术known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.被人们所熟知的中国书法已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。 （P62）Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art. 中国书法是一种艺术。41.global /glbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的As China plays a great
38、er role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning toappreciate Chinas culture and history（P62）Global warming is a real problem.全球变暖是个真实存在的问题。We are trying to find solutions to global fuel shortage. 我们正设法找到解决全球能源短缺的办法。【拓展】globe / glb / n. 球体；地球仪；地球 Seventy percen
39、t of our globes surface is water.【高考链接】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67_ (globe)fertilizer consumption.（2018 全国卷 II 语法填空）42.affair / fe(r) /n.公共事务复数；事件；关系 global affairs 全球事务world/international/ financial /public /business affairs 世界/国际/财务/公共/商业事务What I do
40、 in my spare time is my own affair. 我在业余时间做些什么是我自己的事情。43.appreciate /pri:iet /vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 （P62）Anyone can appreciate our music. 任何人都能欣赏我们的音乐。appreciate (ones) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事He would much appreciate
41、 your doing him that favor.如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。appreciate it if 如果，将感激不尽Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。vi. 增值 Their investments have appreciated over the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。【拓展】appreciation/pri:ien/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解Learning Chine
42、se calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。 （P63）44.specific /spsfk/ adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的Scanning is looking at the text quickly to find specific information such as dates or numbers.浏览是快速看课文以找到特定的信息，如日期或数字。 （P63）8The money was collected for a specific purpose.
43、 这笔钱是为一个特定用途而筹集的。I asked him to be more specific.我要求他说得更具体些。45.struggle / strgl / n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事 When I started studying German , it was a struggle.当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。 （P64）Losing weight was a terrible struggle.减肥是一件非常艰难的事。vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力 She struggled to her feet. 她艰难地站起来。struggle for sth./to do st
44、h. 为争取而奋斗They were struggling for independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。struggle against/with sb./sth.与斗争；与抗争 He struggled against cancer for two years. 。46.tongue / t /n. 舌头；语言 The words felt strange on my tongue. 在我的舌头上，单词感觉很奇怪。（P64）She made a face and stuck out her tongue at him.她做了个鬼脸，向他吐了吐舌头。I tried speaki
45、ng to her in her native tongue. 我试着用她的本族语和她说话。47.point of view 观点；看法I could see the world from a different point of view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。 （P64）From my point of view , the party was a complete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。48. semester / smest(r) / n.学期 the spring/fall semester 春季 / 秋季学期I plan to take chemistry
46、 this semester.这学期我准备选修化学。49.gas /s/ n.汽油；气体；燃气 natural gas 天然气petrol /petrl/ n.汽油50.subway /sbwe/ n.地铁=undergroundThe new subway is now being laid in Jinan.新的地铁正在济南修建。.ride/take the subway 乘地铁 by subway 乘地铁；从地下通道 He always goes to work by subway.50 .apartment /p:tmnt/ n.公寓套房（=flat）Id like to come u
47、p to your apartment. 我来看看你的公寓吧。Even though the company is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little51.pants / pnts / n. pl. (BrE ）内裤；短裤； 裤子 I really need to buy some pants.（P65）In British English, the word “pants” means underwear.在英国英语中， “pants”一词是指内裤。 （P65）52. beg /beg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 I beg your p
48、ardon. 对不起。 （P65）beg sb for sth =beg sth of/from sb 向某人乞求某物They begged him for help.= They begged help of/from him .他们向他求援。beg for sth 乞求某物 The homeless people were begging for food. 那些无家可归的在讨饭。beg sb to do sth乞求某人干某事 I begged him to come back to England with me.9【拓展】beggar / beg(r) / n.乞丐; 家伙;I gav
49、e the beggar some money out of pity.The beggar died of cold and hunger. 这个乞丐由于寒冷和饥饿而死亡。53.equal /i:kwl /n.同等的人；相等物 our relationship is close and were equals 我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的人（P66）No one could be his equal at telling stories. 讲故事没人能比得上他。adj. 相同的；同样的 Men and women enjoy equal pay for equal work. 男女同工同酬
50、。be equal to 与相等；能胜任（to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）I cant find a person who can be equal to this work. 我找不到能胜任这个工作的人。be equal in sth在某方面相等 Not all men are equal in ability. 人的能力并不都是一样的。vt. 等于; 和相等；比得上 Four plus four equals eight四加四等于八。【拓展】 （1）equally adv.平等地，同样地；均等地Men and Women must be treated equally in education and employm</p>
