1、Unit 2 Healthy LifestyleSection B Learning about Language教学设计教学设计科目科目:英语 课题课题:Section B Learning About Language 课时课时:1 课时教学目标教学目标与核心素养与核心素养:知识目标:理解并掌握不定式作主语的语法结构。能力目标:能够熟练运用不定式作主语情感目标:培养学生学习语法的兴趣教学教学重难点重难点教学重点:能够熟练运用不定式作主语教学难点:培养学生学习语法的兴趣课前课前准备准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔教学教学过程过程:一、Pre-class1. Greeting2. Leading-in
2、学生活动:学生阅读活动 1 所给的其他句子,讨论并归纳斜体部分(不定式)在句子中的功能。1 To change bad habits is never easy.2 It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mothers lung surgery.3 To join the Peoples Liberation Army, it is required for men to shave off theirbeards.4 It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music l
3、ast night.教师活动:归纳点拨,指出四个句子中的不定式都充当主语,必要时可通过翻译引导学生理解各个句子的意义和句子成分之间的关系。例如,教师可以引导学生关注第一个句子,指出这个句子也可以改写成 It is never easy to change badhabits.,然后请学生分析两种表达的区别并得出结论:用形式主语 It 代替真正的主语 to change bad habits 符合英语表达习惯,避免句子头重脚轻、结构失衡。如果作者有意将比较长的不定式主语放在句首, 那么作者就是想要突出不定式的内容。活动目的:活动1呈现了动词不定式作主语的例子,让学生感知动词不定式的结构, 然后让
4、学生从阅读文本中找到包含动词不定式的句子,讨论动词不定式在句子中的意义和功能。由于课文中动词不定式作形容词补语、定语、宾语、状语、主语等多种句子成分,学生在寻找和讨论的过程中既能复习旧知识,也能充分了解新语法点,还能对动词不定式的用法有一个全面的了解。二、While-class学生活动:(1)学生再次阅读 Reading and Thinking板块中的语篇,找出所有含有不定式作主语的句子与同伴讨论答案。师生核对答案。语篇中含有不定式作主语的句子如下:However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad
5、 habits.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.(2)让学生把上述句子翻译成中文,然后在不看英文原句的情况下,尝试把中文翻译成英文,最后与英文原句作比较,注意是否运用了不定式作主语的结构表达。活动目的: 在英语语法教学中,有意识地进行中文和英文的双向翻译
6、,能够引起学生对新语法结构特征的特别关注,有助于加深学生对语法结构的认知和理解。同时, 这种翻译活动具有一定的挑战性和趣味性,能够提升学生在语法学习中的主动理解和意义建构能力。教师活动:归纳总结不定式作主语的用法。动词不定式(短语)作主语动词不定式(短语)作主语时,一般表示具体的、个别的、次性的或具有将来意味的动作,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,具体用法如下:1.用作主语的动词不定式(短语)常出现在谓语动词之后,这时需在句首用形式主语It指代它。其句型有2种:(1)It+v.+宾语/表语(+ for sb.)+ to do sth当表语为名词或为描述动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作的特征的形
7、容词时,用for引出动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语。这类形容词有 difficult,easy,hard,important,interesting等。例:It takes three generations to make a gentleman.谚十年树木,百年树人。(It+v.+名词短语+ to do sth.)It is hard task to break up long habit in a short time.谚旧习难改。 (It+be+名词短语+ to do sth.)It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them.很容易想象他们
8、前面的危险。(It+be+形容词+ to do sth.)It is against my principles to do such a thing.做这样的事违背我的原则。(It+be+介词短语+ to do sth.)What a relief it is for us to succeed in our experiment at last!我们的实验终于成功了,这对我们真是一个极大的安慰!(it+be+名词短语+ for sb.+ to do sth.)It was hard for him to live on his small income.依靠他那点工资维持生活很难。(It+
9、be+形容词+ for sb.+ to do sth.)(2)It+v.+表语+of sb.+ to do sth.(表语常为表示人的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,foolish,polite,ever,careless等。)例:It was careless of you to leave your umbrella on the train.你真粗心,把伞忘在火车上。2.动词不定式(短语)作主语可位于句首。例:To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.这样做是削足适履。3.疑问词+动词不定式(短语)结构动词不定式(短语
10、)可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合,在句中作主语。例:Where to hold the meeting is still unknown.会议地点还未知。How to solve the problem has not been decided yet.如何解决这个问题还未决定。学生活动:写出活动 2 四个完整的句子,并根据活动 1 和活动 2 的句子归纳提炼it 作形式主语的常用句型,并区分其功能。It is/was+形容词+(for sb)to do sth 往往用于表达观点;It take/took/will take sb some time
11、 to do sth或 It is/was required for sb to do sth往往用于陈述事实。will take/ nutrition specialist/ a balanced diet menu/ make an hour /for youIt will take a nutrition specialist an hour to make a balanced diet menu for you.useful/ turn to fitness consultant/ for adviceIt is useful to turn to a fitness consult
12、ant for advice.illegal/ dangerous/ take / drugsIt is dangerous to take drugs illegally.harmful/skip breakfast /oftenIt is harmful to often skip breakfast.三、After-class学生完成活动 3。师生核对答案后,教师可以请学生归纳不定式在句子中充当的成分,说明每个小对话的主要内容。对于语言能力较强的学生,还可以让他们再补充一至两轮对话,根据不同语境灵活运用动词不定式。1A: Hello, doctor. I want to lose wei
13、ght, but I just cant seem to do it. What can youdo to help me?B: Well, first, its necessary to be in controlwhat you eat. Cut out all fatty food andsugary drinks, and eat more fruit and vegetables2A: I really need to decide ona way to exercise more. I could use a fitness app, butmy phones full.B: So
14、 delete a few files. Im sure the app doesnt take up much space.3A: Before exercising, always do a few warm-ups tobegin with .B: I know. But then I always feel too tired to continue!4A: Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken? I hatemake a choicelikethese. You know whatIm going to eat both!B:
15、Wow! Dont eat too much junk foodyoull get fat. Ive actually made up my mindto go on diet, so Ill just stick to the fruit salad.活动目的:由谈论健康生活方式的四组小对话组成,这些小对话展现了动词不定式在真实语言交际中的各种用法。 该活动要求学生结合语境正确运用所给短语完成对话,一方面是为了帮助学生综合巩固动词不定式的各项功能和用法,另一方面也是复习和巩固所学词块。四、Summary动词不定式(短语)作主语动词不定式(短语)作主语时,一般表示具体的、个别的、次性的或具有将
16、来意味的动作,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,具体用法如下:1.用作主语的动词不定式(短语)常出现在谓语动词之后,这时需在句首用形式主语It指代它。其句型有2种:(1)It+v.+宾语/表语(+ for sb.)+ to do sth当表语为名词或为描述动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作的特征的形容词时,用for引出动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语。这类形容词有 difficult,easy,hard,important,interesting等。(2)It+v.+表语+of sb.+ to do sth.(表语常为表示人的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,foolish,polite,ever,careless等。)2.动词不定式(短语)作主语可位于句首。3.疑问词+动词不定式(短语)结构动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合,在句中作主语。作业布置:掌握本课语法。