1、UnitUnit 4 4AdversityAdversity andand couragecourageLearning About Language &Using Language基础知识过关.单词拼写1.How I dress can have an impact on my(公司的)image.2.She took care of her(外甥) while her sister was away on business.3.Apart from the(娱乐) center, we also have a health club on the second floor.4.This e
2、cholocation in(蝙蝠) is often compared with radar, the principle ofwhich is similar.5.It is not supposed to settle there, where the(潮湿的) weather causes damageto machines.6.He was among the three(候选人) who had been competing to serve as thechairman in the Student Union.7.Though Doctor Zhong Nanshan is i
3、n his eighties, he seems energetic and never tolose his youthful(活力).8.The main reason why I like this piece of fis that it suits the style of myhouse.9.Theyve paid 6 months rent in advance for a 2-room apartment and will give it a tclean before moving in.选词填空arrange for.to do; make an application;m
4、ake it;move on to;be best at;under theguidance of1.She had run this shop for ten years before decidingfresh challenges.2.Many teenagers dream of becoming a star, but only a very small numberto the top in show business.3.I am writing tofor the job of temporary library assistant advertisedin our schoo
5、l newspaper.4.the experienced hunter, we finally went out of the mysteriousforest.5.He is the one whoanalyzing things and solving challengingproblems among us.6.If you would like to pay a visit to our school, we willsomeonetakeyou around.单句语法填空1.(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this y
6、early show has beencancelled.2.They have spent enormous amounts of money(advertise) their products.3.The(guide) system didnt work and he had to get it repaired byprofessionals.4.One of the easiest ways to save money on college(apply) fees is tonarrow down your list of schools before you begin applyi
7、ng.5.Whats wrong? The dog(bark) nonstop for an hour.6.After a few days, youll establish a pattern of going to bed at(rough) thesame time and falling asleep right away.7.Different colors have special meanings in Peking Opera facial makeup. Red is thecolor of(loyal), integrity, and courage.8.Sometimes
8、 the non-vegan(非严格素食主义者) might feel uncomfortable, afraidthat their vegan friend will think they are(cruelty) for eating animals oranimal products.用现在完成进行时或现在完成时翻译句子1.今天上午我一直给他打电话,打了好多次,但都没有人接。2.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了很多天。3.我已经修好了自行车,这周末我们可以去骑车了。4.最近我一直在思考未来,我在想怎样才能实现自己的目标。5.中国修建了更多的公路,使人们从一个地方去另一个地方旅行更加容易了。能
9、力提升训练.阅读理解When Allen invited me to a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined us in acosy cabin overlooking a lake, with a warm fireplace, hot cocoa and soft beds. But myhappy imagination became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo,showed up with a truck filled with camping equipmentte
10、nts, sleeping bags andwater bottles. We were going on survival training!The ever-efficient Leo was keen to leave the city behind us and urged us to hurry.Several hours later, as we drove through the forest, the mountains seemed bigger thanI remembered;the trees were larger, and the environment felt
11、more threatening.At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack andlectured Allen and me on hiking rules. Then, with Leo in the lead, we set off along thenarrow and steep dirt track that wound up the mountain.After 6 hours of climbing, we finally reached the top. My legs aching
12、, I droppedmy pack and groaned(呻吟) but there was no time to rest. “We need to set up campquickly,” said Leo. “There are dark clouds coming in. A storm is on its way.”I thought he was kidding, but Leo was quite serious. He and Allen workedexpertly, while I stood around and pretended to help, thunder
13、rumbling in the distance.We just finished putting up the tent when it hit. The wind, thunder, and lightning wererelentless.Leo, sensing that I was scared, started telling us some stories about his campingadventures. But each time lightning lit up the tent and the thunder echoed, I jumped.“Dont worry
14、. Summer storms pass quickly,” said Leo, trying to comfort me. “And atleast the rain will keep the bears away,” he said with a teasing smile, which was lesscomforting.And just as quickly as the storm came rushing in, it passed, and we exited thetent. The view was incredibleI could see for miles. As
15、darkness set in, I stared inwonder at the millions of glowing stars in the night sky.I wont lieI was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazedupward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget.1.Why was the author surprised when Allen came to get him at th
16、e beginning of thestory?A.Allen had arrived earlier than arranged.B.He saw that Allen was not well prepared.C.He realized their trip would be challenging.D.Allens brother was unexpectedly with him.2.Why was it necessary to set up camp immediately after reaching the mountain top?A.It was almost night
17、 time.B.The weather was changing.C.They were tired and needed to rest.D.They needed protection from animals.3.What can we guess about Leo?A.He was an experienced and capable hiker.B.He didnt consider others feelings.C.He had known the writer for a long time.D.He had not been to this mountain before.
18、完形填空At only 9 years old, Lesia Cartelli was badly burned in a gas explosion at hergrandpas house. In fact, the burns were so1that her own grandfather didntrecognize her. But now, this brave woman uses her miserable past to help other burn2find healing.Lesia and her cousin were playing in their grand
19、pas basement on that3day.A gas leak started to burn, causing the whole house to4. The explosion threwmany of the 9 family members in the home across the street. Lesia pulled herself outof the house. Flames still covered her little body so she5in the dirt and snow toput them out.Lesia6several months
20、in the hospital, undergoing operations and skingrafts(移植). Once released, Lesias scars drew7and questions from people, soshe started isolating herself.“When I was burned, everything in my life changed,” she said. “My friendshipschanged. I hated going to school. You are8things you never had to before
21、.”Lesia could have remained9in her whole life, because when bad thingshappen, we can10choose to escape or to treat it as a chance to11. Lesiachose the latter, realizing she was put on this Earth to do more than just survive.“My life got12when I started to look on my life as a gift,” Lesia said.Lesia
22、13Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering support togirls ranging in age from 11 to 19 to help them heal14.Lesias Angel Faces allowed the girls to bond with fellow burn victims, helpingthem get rid of the feelings of15loneliness.1.A.severeB.fatalC.mildD.sharp2.A.clerksB.majoritiesC.v
23、ictimsD.families3.A.shallowB.terribleC.briefD.passive4.A.set offB.burn outC.burst outD.blow up5.A.rolledB.settledC.faintedD.assisted6.A.costB.spentC.tookD.left7.A.desiresB.scaresC.whispersD.stares8.A.carrying onB.taking upC.dealing withD.struggling for9.A.preciousB.confidentC.trueD.withdrawn10.A.alw
24、aysB.almostC.evenD.never11.A.seekB.judgeC.growD.expand12.A.worseB.betterC.fitterD.less13.A.launchedB.hiredC.appointedD.elected14.A.independentlyB.physicallyC.emotionallyD.surprisingly15.A.remoteB.straightC.superD.strong.语法填空Human potential is1(limited). Unlike computers, youll never come acrossa sit
25、uation2your brain says the hard drive is full. You can constantly push yourlimits,3(reach) greater heights.4(unfortunate), many do not make good use of their true potential, and layit to waste by engaging in tasks that are a waste of their time and energy. Here5(be) two ways to live below your true
26、potential:1.Blame the past instead of focusing6the present. Some people spend theirlives living in the past. They regret what they could have done. However, the past isthe past, and no matter how much time we spend thinking about it, it doesnt changeanything.2.Set small goals. Many people set small
27、goals because theyre afraid7(fail). Actually8theyre really afraid of is to realize that theyve always had allthe power to achieve everything they want and that they have wasted their own timeand many9(dream). Stop settling for less and set your highest goals today. Youowe it to10(you).1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
28、8.9.10.参考答案与解析参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.corporate2.nephew3.recreation4.bats5.damp6.candidates7.vigour8.furniture9.thorough.1.to move on to2.make it3.make an application4.Under the guidance of5.is best at6.arrange for;to.1.Unfortunately考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于始料未及的情况,这场一年一度的演出被取消了。 该空放在句首,作状语,修饰整个句子,故填副词 Unfortunately。
29、2.advertising考查动名词。句意:他们已经斥巨资为他们的产品做广告。spend.(in) doing sth.花(时间/金钱)做某事。3.guidance考查名词。句意:制导系统失灵了,他必须请专业人士来修理。此处应用名词作 system 的定语,表示用途。4.application考查名词。句意:在大学申请费方面省钱的最容易的办法之一是在你开始申请之前缩小你申请的学校的范围。 application 是名词,意为“申请”,作 fees的定语。5.has been barking考查动词的时态。句意:怎么了?狗不停地叫了一个小时了。由 Whats wrong?和 for an hou
30、r 可知狗已经叫了一个小时了,而且现在仍然在叫,所以用现在完成进行时。6.roughly考查副词。句意:几天后,你会形成一种大约在同一时间上床并立即睡着的模式。此处 roughly 意为“大约”,作程度状语。7.loyalty考查名词。 句意:在京剧脸谱中,不同的颜色有着特殊的意义。 红色是忠诚、正直和勇气的颜色。设空处和后面的名词 integrity 和 courage 为并列成分,所以此处填名词 loyalty。8.cruel考查形容词。句意:有时,非严格素食主义者可能会觉得不舒服,害怕他们的严格素食主义者朋友会认为他们吃动物或动物产品是残忍的。 分析句子成分可知,设空处作表语,故填形容词
31、 cruel。.1.I have been calling him many times this morning, but theres no answer.2.Until now the forest fire has been burning for dozens of days.3.I have fixed the bike. We can go cycling this weekend.4.I have been thinking about the future lately,wondering how I can achieve my goal.5.More highways h
32、ave been built in China, making it much easier for people to travelfrom one place to another.能力提升训练.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,作者本来以为要和朋友一起去舒适的别墅木屋喝热可可、睡暖床,结果却被拉去经历一次野外生存训练。本文以第一人称细腻地讲述了这段经历和作者的思想变化。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的 But my happy imagination became anightmare 和第一段最后一句 We were going on survival training!可知作者因为将要
33、进行一次具有挑战性的生存训练而不是去舒适的木屋而感到惊讶,故选择 C 项。2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We need to set up camp quickly,” said Leo.“There are dark clouds coming in. A storm is on its way.”可知必须马上搭建帐篷是因为变天了,天即将下雨,所以 B 项正确。3.A推理判断题。第三段第一句中的 Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my alreadyheavy pack and lectured Allen and me on hiking rules 表明 Le
34、o 远足经验丰富;第五段第二句中的 He and Allen worked expertly 表明 Leo 能力非常强,故可推断 A 项正确。由第六段中提到的 Leo 尽力去安慰作者可知 B 项错误;C、D 两项所涉及的信息原文没有提到,无从推断,可排除。.语篇解读本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为勇敢地面对逆境。Lesia 9 岁时因为意外身体大面积烧伤,她在经历了一段时间的伤痛和自闭后,决定走出逆境。她创建了一个非营利性组织,向 11 至 19 岁的被烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们走出孤独的心境。1.A考查形容词。后文她的爷爷认不出她,说明她的烧伤特别严重。故选 A 项。se
35、vere 严重的;fatal 致命的;mild 温和的;sharp 锋利的,急剧的。2.C考查名词。根据最后一段“烧伤受害者”可知,这里指 Lesia 用她痛苦的经历帮助其他烧伤受害者找到疗伤的方法。clerk 职员;majority 大多数人;victim 受害者,罹难者;family 家庭。3.B考查形容词。句意:在那可怕的一天,Lesia 和她的堂兄正在爷爷家的地下室玩。下文提到天然气泄漏,房子爆炸,Lesia 严重烧伤,可以看出,那是可怕的一天。故选 B。 shallow 浅的,浅显的;terrible 可怕的;brief 简洁的;passive 被动的,消极的。4.D考查动词短语。
36、句意:天然气泄漏起火,导致整栋房子爆炸。 从后文 explosion一词可以看出房子爆炸了。 故选 D。 set off 出发,引爆;burn out 烧尽,熄灭;burst out突然开始;blow up 爆炸。5.A考查动词。 句意:火焰仍然包裹着她小小的身躯,所以她在泥土和雪地里翻滚,以扑灭火焰。 roll 翻滚,滚动;settle 定居,解决;faint 昏厥;assist 帮助。6.B考查动词。此处指 Lesia 在医院度过了几个月。cost 花费(金钱);spend 度过;take 拿走,取走;leave 离开。7.D考查名词。句意:出院后,Lesia 的伤疤吸引了人们的目光和疑问
37、,所以她开始封闭自己。 desire愿望,欲望;scare恐慌,恐惧;whisper 耳语,低语;stare盯,凝视,注视。伤疤自然是吸引人们的目光。故选 D。8.C考查动词短语。根据前文 Lesia 被烧伤,伤疤吸引了人们异样的目光和疑问,而且她生活中的一切都改变了,可以推断,现在她需要解决许多以前不需要解决的事情,故选 C。 carry on 继续;take up 占,从事;deal with 处理;struggle for 争取。9.D考查形容词。句意:Lesia 本可以在她的整个人生中一直沉默寡言,因为糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。根据前文she s
38、tarted isolating herself 可以看出 Lesia 烧伤后性格变得孤僻、沉默,故选 D。precious 珍贵的;confident 自信的;true 真的;withdrawn 沉默寡言的。10.A考查副词。句意同上一题。always 总是;almost 几乎,差不多;even 甚至;never 从未。11.C考查动词。糟糕的事情发生的时候,我们总是可以选择逃避或者把它视作成长的机会。句中 or“或者”表明设空处应该与 escape 意思相反,且由下文 Lesia创办非营利性组织帮助烧伤的女孩也可判断出此处说的是成长的机会。故选 C。seek 寻找;judge 判断,评判;
39、grow 成长;expand 扩大,膨胀。12.B考查形容词的比较级。 此处指当“我”把生命视作礼物的时候,“我”的生活变得更美好了。 Lesia 对待生活中的磨难的态度发生了转变,所以她的生活变得更好了,故选 B。 worse 更糟糕的;better 更好的;fitter 更健康的;less 更少的。13.A考查动词。句意:Lesia 发起 Angel Faces,一个全国性的非营利性组织,为 11至 19 岁烧伤的女孩们提供支持,帮助她们从情感上得到治愈。故选 A。launch 发起;hire 雇用;appoint 任命;elect 选举。14.C考查副词。 句意同上一题。 同时根据下文
40、helping them get rid of the feelingsof15loneliness 可以看出,Lesia 发起的组织主要是在情感上帮助女孩们,故选 C。 independently 独立地;physically 身体上;emotionally 情感上;surprisingly令人吃惊地,出人意料地。15.D考查形容词。句意:Lesia 的 Angel Faces 让女孩们与其他烧伤受害者建立联系,帮助她们摆脱强烈的孤独感。故选 D。 remote 遥远的,偏僻的;straight 笔直的,直率的;super 极好的,超级的;strong 强烈的。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。人
41、的潜力是无限的。与电脑不同的是,你的大脑永远不会说硬盘已经满了。你可以不断挑战自己的极限,达到更高的高度。文章提醒两种方式会让你无法发挥你的潜能。1.unlimited考查反义词。句意:人的潜力是无限的。由下文所表达的意思可知此处说的是人的潜力是无限的。故填 unlimited。2.where考查定语从句。句意:与电脑不同的是,你永远不会遇到一种情况你的大脑说硬盘已经满了。设空处引导定语从句,situation 是先行词,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填 where。3.reaching考查现在分词。句意:你可以不断地推进你的极限,达到更高的高度。句子主语You 和 reach 之间是主动关
42、系,此处应用现在分词作状语。 故填reaching。4.Unfortunately考查副词。此处指不幸的是,许多人并没有很好地利用自己的真正潜力。此处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填 Unfortunately。5.are考查时态和主谓一致。此处指这里有两种方式会让你无法发挥你的潜能。由上下文语境可知此处用一般现在时,Here 位于句子开头,句子用全部倒装,且主语 two ways 是复数形式,故填 are。6.on考查介词。句意:责备过去,而不是关注现在。focus on“集中注意力于”。故填 on。7.to fail考查动词不定式。句意:很多人设定小目标是因为他们害怕失败。beafraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”。故填 to fail。8.what考查主语从句。句意:事实上,他们真正害怕的是意识到他们一直都有所有的能力去实现他们想要的一切,而他们却浪费了自己的时间和许多梦想。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,且从句中缺少 of 的宾语,此处指的是“的事情”。故填 what。9.dreams考查名词复数。句意见上一题。句中 many 修饰可数名词复数,故填dreams。10.yourself考查反身代词。句意:这是你欠自己的。句中 to 是介词,此处应用反身代词作 to 的宾语。故填 yourself。
