1、UnitUnit 3 3EnvironmentalEnvironmental protectionprotectionUsing Language, Assessing Your Progress &Video Time基础知识过关.单词拼写1.Next time we go to the beach we should be careful with our(垃圾).2.His recent success has helped to(恢复) his faith in his own ability.3.She was(罚款) $300 and banned from driving for
2、 one month.4.The(体积) of this ancient container used to store rice is said to be about1,000 cubic metres.5.Let me congratulate the organizers of this forum on putting together an outstanding(议程).6.We must carry on the public health(运动) to reduce disease and improvehealth condition.7.They are determin
3、ed to carry on with the(事业) for the benefit of futuregenerations.8.The safe(处置) of nuclear waste is a major problem, which arouses manycountries concern.选词填空in effect;contribute to;dozens of;set up;carry out;make use of1.You canthe building materials that have been put aside.2.They are determinedthi
4、s experiment, regardless of what happens.3.Sarah is an outgoing teenager who hasfriends in that group.4.Favorable policies arein order to encourage employees professionaldevelopment.5.The three sons havethe family business, so they have their ownportion in the company.6.A new middle school has beeni
5、n the mountainous village and morechildren have access to education.单句语法填空1.(honest), you couldnt make him satisfied with what you did.2.These agreements have an effectthe buyer and the seller.3.You will never find that the meat has already gone bad if you dont make a careful(inspect).4.She had no(t
6、olerant) for jokes of any kind so we are all afraid to playjokes on her.5.He explained this(regulate) to me word for word, and I get the key pointof it soon.6.We all take an active role in our community, which takes the lead in the(conserve) of wildlife.完成句子1.人们相信外太空有生命。there is life in outer space.
7、2.有史密斯先生教我,我确信我能取得很大进步。, I am sure that I can make great progress.3.那位和蔼的英语老师被调到另一所学校去了,这让所有的学生都很伤心。The kind English teacher was transferred to anotherschool,.课文语法填空The beautiful Li River attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors eachyear. However, a report said the water had been seriously
8、 polluted, with morehousehold and commercial waste1(end) up in the river. Local officials were2(concern) that the pollution was damaging the natural environment. They took anumber of measures3addressed the issues. The construction of waste watertreatment4(facility) improved the water quality and wat
9、er conservation. Thecollection and transport of household waste5(improve) too. Dozens of pollutingenterprises were closed6moved. The local government set up strict regulationsregarding further industrial7(develop). New rules were also introducedregarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods
10、. Furthermore, the localauthorities began to use the media8(spread) environmental awareness andencourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry outinspections9(regular) and fine tourist organisations for abuses.10thesemeasures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li R
11、iver will be preserved forgenerations to come.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.能力提升训练.阅读理解(2021 北京普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真模拟卷)Average age is rising worldwidea demographic (人口结构的)change that maypose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of t
12、he Max PlanckInstitute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increasesas we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing populationcould mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their studyannounces.They combined two decades worth of
13、 data from thousands of US householdsand used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groupsbetween 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, childrens energy consumptionclimbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumptionthen rises again wh
14、en people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and thenbegins to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate andthe age, type and size of a persons home. The increase in energy use at various pointsin our lifespan (寿命)seems to be the result of lifestyle and how
15、our needs change aswe age.Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything.More space, a bigger TV,two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmerparts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65probably as aresult of increased use of air conditioning.
16、This suggests that there is a feedback effectbetween climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and areexpected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people usingmore electrical energy to
17、keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions(排放物),and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirelyfossil-fuel-free.“This confluence (汇集)of population, ageing and climate change on energydemand is really important to start thinking about building a low energy consumptionc
18、ountry,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says thework shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbonemissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型)assumes peoples energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by asma
19、ll amount over time.“This study directly challenges the entire body of the research by forcing it tofight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,”saysSovacool.Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could havean important influence on policy ma
20、kers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot ofwork about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the peoplein them use energy,” she says.1.By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writerprobably means that.A.poor people cant bring down the h
21、igh demand for energyB.a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy useC.there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumptionD.people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise in energy consumption2.Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri
22、most likely to support?A.Energy will stop increasing when people get older.B.His research could inspire policy makers to change current policies.C.Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered.D.Old people should use fossil-fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool.3
23、.What is the shortcoming of most modelling of climate change mitigation?A.It is expensive and difficult to promote.B.It overestimates the household energy consumption.C.It did not take climate change adaptation into account.D.It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.4.Wha
24、t can we learn from the last paragraph?A.More emphasis should be put on peoples energy use.B.The government cant do much without the support of the study.C.It is the buildings, not the people inside, that consume the majority of the energy.D.Policy makers have been working on how to cut down peoples
25、 energy use.七选五The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products andservices are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs.1It is expected that by2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be green-collar jobs. Doesntthe data look promising for the future?2An
26、d jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmentalmanagers to gardeners. For example, many countries including the United States haveunderstood that fossil fuels have a negative effect on the environment which can laterbecome a serious danger to mankind.3The increasing demand for newresour
27、ces has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways todeal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demand forenvironment-friendly equipment, both green product designers and educated andtrained workers are needed. Management of environmental ent
28、erprises andorganizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.4The Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almostany matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search througha couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy c
29、onversion and recyclingof waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself.5A.Where can you find green-collar jobs?B.People who take green careers will be well paid.C.Forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories.D.Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chance for a
30、ll.E.People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.F.As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands ina better way.G.Many countries of the world have realized the importance of and the need forenergy-saving products and services.
31、1.2.3.4.5.概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Exercising is a free-time activity that helps people to feel good in many aspectsof the definition of health.The best-known part that exercising improves is the physical part. The physicaleffect of exercising is that every part of our body is in continuous a
32、nd sustainablemovement. There are many parts of our body that benefit from exercise, but one ofthe most important parts that exercising helps is the blood circulation system. Forexample, when you exercise, muscles move, and to move, muscles need oxygen in theblood, so the heart has to pump blood at
33、a faster speed to sustain the musclesmovement. This trains your heart and lungs to give you more strength in the future.Another part of the definition of health is mental health. This is one of theaspects that make people exercise. Exercise distracts and relaxes you for a whilebecause in your exerci
34、se, you are getting rid of many feelings, such as stress. Manypeople feel that after exercising, all the problems and pressures they have undergonedisappear or at least are forgotten for a while. While exercising, problems of our livescan be solved because you are calm and relaxed, and its just much
35、 easier to thinkclearly.The social aspect of health is helped with exercise because many of the sports areand can be done with someone else. This makes stronger relationships because youmeet people that are like you and share the same things with you. I think that thismakes you feel more secure and
36、learn about human relationships.Exercising is an activity that touches the three aspects of health. By exercisingyou could improve the function of your body, be calm in your mind, and meet newpeople, which make a healthier life. All in all, exercising enables you to get thesatisfaction of doing some
37、thing that helps you to live a healthy life. This idea causesmany people to think of exercise as a drug. You should try it. Exercise, and behealthy.参考答案与解析参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.garbage2.restore3.fined4.volume5.agenda6.campaign7.enterprise8.disposal.1.make use of2.to carry out3.dozens of4.in effect5.contri
38、buted to6.set up.1.Honestly考查副词。句意:说实话,你无法让他对你的所作所为感到满意。设空处作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。2.on考查介词。句意:这些协议对买卖双方都有影响。have an effect on 对有影响。3.inspection考查名词。 句意: 如果你不仔细检查,你永远不会发现肉已经变质了。设空处被 careful 修饰,作动词 make 的宾语,需要使用所给词的名词形式。故填inspection。4.tolerance考查名词。句意: 她不能容忍任何形式的玩笑,所以我们都不敢开她的玩笑。设空处被 no 限定,作前面动词 had 的宾语,需要使用所
39、给词的名词形式,故填 tolerance。5.regulation考查名词。句意:他逐字逐句地给我解释这项条例,我很快就掌握了要点。 this 是指示代词,后面应该接名词,explained 是动词,后面应该接名词作宾语,因此该空填名词 regulation。6.conservation考查名词。句意:我们都在社区中发挥积极的作用,我们的社区在野生动物保护方面走在前面。由设空处前的 the 和空后的 of 可知此处应填名词conservation。.1.It is believed that2.With Mr. Smith teaching me3.making all the student
40、s very sad.1.ending考查现在分词。句意:然而,一项报告显示,由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终进入河中,河水已经受到了严重的污染。此处名词 waste 与 end up 之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式作 with 复合结构中的宾补。2.concerned考查形容词。句意:当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境。beconcerned that 担心。3.that/which考查定语从句。句意:他们采取了许多解决这些问题的措施。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为 measures,故用 that 或 which。4.facilities考查名词的数。句意:污水处理设施的建设改
41、善了水质和水的保护。facility 是可数名词,其前没有限定词,再根据句意可知应该用复数形式。5.was improved考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。由语境可知用一般过去时;句子主语的中心词是 The collection andtransport,意思是“收集和运输”,看作一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数形式。句子主语与 improve 之间为被动关系,故填 was improved。6.or考查连词。句意:许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。or 表示选择关系,意思是“或者”。7.development考查名词。句意:当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。i
42、ndustrial 是形容词,所以空格处用名词 development,表示“发展”。8.to spread考查动词不定式。句意:此外,地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识,并鼓励(人们)更多地使用清洁能源。use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事。9.regularly考查副词。句意:同时,他们开始实行定期检查。此空修饰动词短语 carry out,因此用副词。10.With考查介词。 句意:有了这些措施,人们相信漓江的美将会被保存下来,留给未来的世世代代。with 在此处意思为“有,拥有”。能力提升训练.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人类能源消耗的变化情况及产生的原因,研究
43、人员建议应注重人的能源消耗,而不仅仅是建筑物消耗的能源。1.C推理判断题。 根据第二段最后一句 An ageing population could mean a greaterproportion of society with higher energy use, their study announces.(他们的研究宣称,人口老龄化可能意味着社会上更大比例的人口有更高的能源使用)可推断 energyuse increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier 的句意是:随着年龄的增长,能源的使用
44、也会增加,而不仅仅是因为我们往往会变得更富有。也就是说还有一些其他原因导致能源消耗增加。故选 C。文中并没有说导致能源使用增加的原因中哪个是主要原因,哪个是次要原因,由此可以排除 B 项。2.C推理判断题。根据第六段的“This confluence (汇集)of population, ageing andclimate change on energy demand is really important to starting thinking aboutbuilding a low energy consumption country,” says Estiri.(Estiri 说:“
45、人口聚集、老龄化和气候变化对能源的需求对于开始思考建立一个低能源消耗的国家是非常重要的。”)可推断,Estiri 最可能支持“影响能源消耗的各种因素都需要考虑”这一观点。故选 C。由第三段第三句可知,A 项表述错误;由最后一段可知,B 项所说的内容是 Catherine Mitchell 的观点。3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的 Most modelling of climate change mitigation(减缓气候变化的模型) assumes peoples energy consumption either stays the sameor only changes by a s
46、mall amount over time.(大多数减缓气候变化的模型都假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变,要么随时间发生少量变化。 )可知,大多数减缓气候变化的模型的缺点是认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微地变化。故选 D。4.A推理判断题。 根据最后一段的 What the paper says is that there is a lot of workabout how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people inthem use energy(论文上说,关于建筑物如何使用能源的工作有很多,但关于建筑
47、物中的人如何使用能源的工作可能还不够)可推断, 应该更加强调人的能源使用。 故选 A。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环保事业的未来是光明的,开发新的能源可能创造出“绿领工作”。1.G空前提到环保问题的增加及对环保产品和服务的需求产生了一个新的工作阶层绿领工作,空后提到预计到2025年发达国家大约有25%的工作将会是绿领工作,说明世界上已有很多国家意识到了节能产品和服务的重要性,并认识到环保行业的必要性。 此处体现的是顺承关系,故选 G。 products and services 为关键词。2.D此空位于句首,属于段落主题句。本段通过列举一些工作机会说明了绿领工作有前途。D 项符合语境
48、,故选 D。3.F空前提到包括美国在内的许多国家已经意识到化石燃料对环境有负面影响,空后提到对新能源的需求促使产生了对专家研究人员、 环保设备等的需求。 因此,这里应承上启下,说明由于上面的情况,人们正在探索可替代资源,故选 F。4.A后文讲述互联网无疑是最好的办法,几乎可以找到关于任何事情的信息。因此前面应是问句,问在哪里可以找到这样的绿领工作。故选 A。5.E本段讲的是在哪里可以找到绿领工作,可以在互联网上找,经常看报的人也可以找到各种绿领工作,故选 E。.One possible version:Exercising is helpful in many aspects of peopl
49、es health.(要点 1) First, itimproves our physical health, especially our blood circulation system.(要点 2)Besides, it does great good to peoples mental health, with many negative feelingsreleased.(要点 3) Moreover, exercising can strengthen peoples social relationships byexercising with those having the same interests.(要点 4) In a word, exercising benefitsus physically, mentally, and socially, which is of great help for us to live a healthylife.(要点 5)
