（2019版）新人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1 science and scientists 词汇学习ppt课件（含教案）.rar

人教版(2019)新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Words and Expressions cholera klr : 霍乱 霍乱是两种甲类传染病之一(另一种是鼠疫)。它是因摄入的食物或水受到霍乱弧菌污染而引起的一种急性腹泻性传染病。临床上以起病急骤、剧烈泻吐、排泄大量米泔水样肠内容物、脱水、肌痉挛少尿和无尿为特征。严重者可因休克、尿毒症或酸中毒而死亡。在医疗水平低下和治疗措施不力的情况下,病死率甚高。每年,估计有300万500万霍乱病例,另有10万12万人死亡。病发高峰期在夏季,能在数小时内造成腹泻脱水甚至死亡。 非洲、中美洲、南美洲、南亚等地常有霍乱的爆发。1.cholera klr: n.霍乱have/deveplop cholera: 患霍乱1)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.2)That country was struck by an outbreak of cholera.3)The man has been infected with cholera.2.severe sv(r): adj.极为恶劣的; 十分严重的; 严厉的severely: adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地a severe punishment/sentence: 重罚/重判severe disease/illness/pain: 重病/剧痛severe drought/weather/winter： 严重的旱情/恶劣的天气/严冬1)He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.2)She is a severe woman who seldom smiles.3)The fire has caused severe damage to the building.3.diarrhoea/diarrheadar:n.腹泻 (the runs: 腹泻)have/get diarrhoea/the runs: 腹泻; 拉肚子1)Diarrhoea can make you feel weak.2)I have had diarrhoea for two days, and I also feel sick(想呕吐).3)She has got diarrhoea/the runs. 4.dehydration dihadren: n. 脱水1)This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.2)Dehydration limits a persons ability to work and think.5. frustratedfrstretd: adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的annoyed: adj. 生气的; 恼怒的; 烦闷的bored bd: adj. 厌倦的; 厌烦的; 烦闷的; 不感兴趣的upset pset: adj. 不高兴的; 失望的; 心烦意乱的;不安的;沮丧的1)As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.2)We can infer from his expression that he is frustrated.6. once and for all: 最终地; 彻底地completely: adv. 完全地; 彻底地entirely: adv. 全部地; 完整地; 完全地1)However, he never lost his desire to destroy(杀死;消灭) cholera once and for all.2)We need to settle the Chinese-Indian border problem once and for all. 3)It is time we dealt with the issue once and for all. 7.contradictory kntrdktri: adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的1)In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.2)The advice that I received was often contradictory.3)You know what? Reality and love are almost contradictory. 8. infection nfekn:n. 感染;传染 infect nfekt : v. 感染;传染1)She had a chest infection last month.2)Ear infections are common in small children.3)Cholera is a bacterial infection.9. infect nfekt: v. 使感染; 传染1)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.2)All the people at the village are infected with HIV.3)The wound soon became/got infected.4)Flu is highly infectious.10. germ dm: n 微生物; 细菌; 病菌virus vars : n. 病毒; 毒素; 毒害1)One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.2)This germ is found on things used by the patients.3)That germ destroyed hundreds of millions of lives.11. subscribe sbskrab: v.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期缴纳(会费)subscribe for.: 认购(股份)subscribe to.: 定期订购; 定期缴纳; 定期捐款; 赞助1)If you subscribe to the newspaper, itll be delivered to your door.2)How many shares(股份) did you subscribe for in the new company?3)We subscribe to an animal protection society. 12. subscribe to.: 同意; 赞同agree to do: 同意做 agree to sth: 同意什么agree with sb/what: 同意 agree on/upon: 对达成一致1)John Snow subscribed to the second theory.2)I dont subscribe to such views.3)All the people present subscribe to the opinion put forward by the president.13. proof pruf: n.证据; 证明; 检验 (可数名词或者不可数名词) (复数: proofs chief - chiefs)evidence evdns: n. 证据; 证物; 证词 (不可数名词)1)It was correct, but he still needed proof.2)John Smith brought the absolute proof that we needed.3)Can you provide any proof of identity?4)These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.14. multiple mltpl: adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的various vers: adj. 不同的; 各种各样的different dfrnt: adj. 不同的all kinds/sorts of .: 各种各样1)The man died of multiple injuries.2)There are multiple copies of documents at the library.3)My aunt has applied for a multiple entry visa. pump pump15. pump pmp: n. 泵; 抽水机; 打气筒1)They removed the pump out of the room.2)The young man bought a bicycle pump at the store yesterday.16. water pump: 水泵There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40).17. household hashld: n.一家人; 家庭; 同住一套(所)房子的人family fml: n. 家庭; 家族We are family. 我们是一家人。1)However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.2)Clean water has been delivered to every household.3)The household has become rich through working hard 24/7.18. suspect sspekt: v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; 认为 sspekt: n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象doubt dat: v. 怀疑; 不相信; 不信任1)The suspect has dark hair and green eyes.2)As I had suspected all the time, he was not a real policeman.3)The police suspect there may be a link between the two thefts.19. blame blem: n. 责备; 指责 v. 把归咎于.; 责怪; 指责blame sb for: 因责备be to blame for (不好的事): 对负责任be responsible for.: 对.负责 【对人/对事(含不好的事)】only have oneself to blame: 只能怪自己; 是自己的错pin the blame on.: 向.甩锅take/get the blame for.: 为.背锅lay/put the blame for sth on sb: 把某事归咎于某人1)John Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.2)Which driver was to blame for the accident?3) She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death.4)The US president put the blame on China.5)Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?20. handle hndl: n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆/动物/工具等)run operate work: v. 操作1)Accordingly(因此), he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.2)I turned the handle and found the door was open.3)A new minister has been sent there to handle the crisis.4) I am not sure if I can handle such a powerful car.21. intervention ntvenn: n.介入; 出面; 干涉1)Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.2)This provides one possible reason for government intervention in the economy.3)China will try to avoid any military intervention at all costs.22. link lk: n. 联系; 纽带; 链接 v. 把.连接起来; 相关联link. to/with/and .: 把.连接/联系起来join . to.: 把和连接或联结起来1)Moreover, John Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.2) Social customs provide a vital link between generations.3)The highway links all the big cities together.4)They have decided to link the island with the mainland. 23. raw r: adj. 未煮的; 生的; 未经处理的; 原始的roar r: v./n. 吼叫;咆哮raw material: 原材料get a raw deal: 受到不公正的对待; 得到不公平的待遇1)Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.2)The country has to import most of its raw materials.3)These fish are often eaten raw.4)This information is only raw data and will need further analysis.24. purepj(r): adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的a bottle of pure water: 一瓶纯净水1)The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.2)Yesterday they met by pure chance.3)These jackets are 100% pure cotton.25. substantial sbstnl: adj.大量的; 价值巨大的; 重大的 substance sbstns : n. 物质;材料1)After a seven-mile run, David returned home for a substantial breakfast.2)Those workers have built many substantial bridges in the recent years.3)Substantial changes have taken place in our school during the last two years.26. decrease dkris: v. 减少; 减小; 降低 dikris: n. 减少; 降低: 减少量reduce: v. 减少 fall: v. 减少;下降; 减小 drop: v. 降低; 减少increase: v. 增加 rise: v. 上升; 增长【by: 表示增减的幅度。to: 增减到】1)Through John Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.2)There has been a decrease in traffic accidents.3)They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.4)The price of wheat has decreased by 20%.27. thanks to.: 幸亏; 由于; 因为(状)owing to. : 由于; 因为(状) due to: 由于; 因为(表、状)as a result of.: 由于; 因为(状) because of what/名词：因为(状)because/since/as/for + 陈述句： 由于; 因为1)Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.2)Thanks to your help, we have made great progress.3)Thanks to recent research, effective treatments are available.28. statistic sttstk: n. (复数)统计数字; 统计资料; 统计学number nmb(r): n. 数字; 数量; 编号figure f(r): n. 数字1)Recent statistics suggest 30 or more of college students cheat in their exams.2)According to the official statistics, the disease has killed over 550,000 people.3)Her uncle is a professor of Mathematical Statistics.29. transform trnsfm: v. 使改观; 使改变形态; 改变; 转变change: v. 变化; 改变; 更换; 替换exchange: v. 交换; 互换; 交流; 掉换exchange/change/swapfor: 用换transform into: 把.变成.changeinto: 把.变成.1)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, John Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.2)To transform hills into fields is an extremely tough job.3)I believe she will transform the child into a speaker.4)It is an event that will transform my life.30. epidemiology epdimildi: n. 流行病学1)For this reason, John Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.2)This article will explain the epidemiology of this disease.流行病学是研究特定人群中疾病、健康状况的分布及其决定因素，并研究防治疾病及促进健康的策略和措施的科学。是预防医学的一个重要组成部分，是预防医学的基础。 telescope microscope microscope31. microscope makrskp: n. 显微镜binoculars bnkjlz: n. 双筒望远镜telescope telskp: n. 望远镜1)The students were looking through a microscope at plant cells.2) If you look at your hand under a microscope, you will see lots of germs.32. thinking k: n. 思想; 思维; 见解 thought: n.想法; 看法; 主意; 记忆; 思想; 思考; 思维 think: v.认为; 思考; 思索; 思想 think - thought - thought1)He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.2)How and why does childrens thinking change?3)You may lose those students who have a different style of thinking.33. protein prtin: n. 蛋白质1)Fish is a rich source of protein.2)Rice contains protein and fat.3)Soybeans are very rich in protein.34. cell sel: n. 细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房cellphone: n. 手机prison: n. 监狱room: n. 房间1)Those cells divide and give many other different types of cells.2)They threw him in a cell and gave him a good beating.35. virus vars: n. 病毒germ dm: n. 微生物; 细菌; 病菌1)The virus is not passed on through touching or shaking hands.2)The virus seems to have attacked her throat.3)This virus infected thousands of computers within days.36. finding fand:n.发现; 调查结果; (法律)判决discover : v. - discovery: n. (发现)1)What was the finding that John Snow announced?2) Even if thats the case, though, the above findings are still striking.3)We hope that they will notice the findings and improve their products as soon as possible.4)The government hopes the court will announce its findings before the end of the month.37. initial nl: adj. 最初的; 开始的; 第一的 (用于名词前)initially: adv. 开始; 最初1)My initial reaction was to refuse his offer.2)The initial talks formed the basis of the final agreement. 3)After overcoming her initial shyness, Mary became very friendly.38. vaccine vksin: n. 疫苗take a vaccine (against.): 接种疫苗1)There is no vaccine against HIV infection.2)She has already taken a vaccine against Covid-19.3)The new vaccine may rid the world of the deadly disease. (rid.of.: 消灭; 除掉)39. framework fremwk: n. 框架; 结构1)The report provides a framework for further research.2) Its a bridge of steel(钢) framework.40. theoretical framework: 理论框架1)The theory provides a good theoretical framework for Chinas foreign language teaching. 2)The First Chapter(章节) constructs (构建) the basic theoretical framework.41. solid sld: adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体solid(固体) - liquid(液体) - gas(气体)1)This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.2)The planet may have no solid surface at all.3)She will refuse all solid food.4)So far they have no solid evidence.5)Solids will turn to liquids at certain temperatures.42. cast kst: v.投射; 投掷; 向.投以(视线/笑容等)cast - cast - castcost - cost - cost kst: 花费(多少钱); 值(多少钱)throw - threw - thrown: 投掷; 抛; 丢1)The priceless treasures have been cast into the Nile River.2)He cast her an admiring glance.3)The beautiful girl cast a welcoming smile in his direction.43. shadow d: n. 阴影; 影子; 背光处shade: n. 阴凉处; (画的)阴暗部分cast a shadow on.: 在某处投下/留下影子; 给.蒙上阴影1)The man has always lived in the shadow of her wife.2)As the sun went down, we cast long shadows on the sportsground. 3)I thought I saw a person standing in the shadows.4)He didnt want to cast a shadow on their happiness. rainbow44. rainbow renb: n. 彩虹1)Soon the rain stopped, the sun came out, and a rainbow appeared in the sky. 2)The child wanted to know why the rainbow is in a bow shape. 3)Without rain, how can we see the rainbow? 45. pour p(r):v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)pour down: 倾盆而下: 下大雨rain hard/heavily/cats and dogs: 下大雨1)He asked Betty to pour him a cup of coffee.2)Blood was pouring from her broken nose.3)It has been pouring in the south for the past ten days.46. concrete kkrit:adj. 混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 n.混凝土concrete evidence/proposals: 确凿的证据/具体的建议1)A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 2)I have something concrete to tell you.3)The workers are sleeping on the concrete floor.4)The concrete will stay as solid as a rock.47. plasma plzm: n. 血浆The blood is made up of blood cells and plasma. 48. aerospace erspes: n. 航空航天工业aero- : 空气的; 空中的; 飞行器的aeroplane/airplane/plane: n.飞机THE FATHER OF CHINAS AEROSPACE1)Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.2)Hes an aerospace engineer, and works for China.49. patriotic petritk: adj. 爱国的1)Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.2)The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.50. mechanical mknkl: adj. 机械的; 发动机的; 机器的machine min: n. 机器;机械; 机械般的人1)Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 铁道机械工程2)The train stopped due to a mechanical problem.51. mechanic mknk: n. 机械师; 机械修理工engineer endn: n. 工程师; 设计师;技师; 机修工repair: v. 修理 (repaired)fix: v. 修理 (fixed)mend: v. 修理 (mended)He worked as a motor mechanic.52. break out: (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发 (战争/打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始1)The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1931.2)The war between the two countries may break out at any moment. 3)A big fire broke out at that ancient village last night.4)COVID-19 broke out in 2019.53. aviation evien: n. 航空制造业; 航空; 飞行fly (flew, flown): v.飞;飞行; 驾驶; 放(风筝)flight flat: n. 飞行; 航行; 航程; 航班1)Ten years ago, they began to develop the aviation ( industry ).2)He devoted all his life to Chinas aviation.54. defend dfend: v.保卫; 防守; 辩解defence/defense: n. 防御; 国防1)However, after the Songhu Battle (淞沪会战) broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.2)This is my native land and Ill defend it with my life!3)How can you defend such behaviour?4)He has employed one of the countys top lawyers to defend him.55. jet det: n. 喷气式飞机1)Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet an