1、语法复习总（一）语法复习总（一） 1. 1. 冠词的用法冠词的用法 2. 2. 时态：一般现在时时态：一般现在时 现在进行时现在进行时 一般过去时一般过去时3. There be 3. There be 句型句型4. 4. 句子种类：祈使句句子种类：祈使句 疑问句疑问句 一般过去时讲解：一般过去时讲解： 表示：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。表示：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I I gotgot up early yesterday. up early yesterday. How How waswas your weekend? It was great. your weeke
2、nd? It was great. She She didnt playdidnt play sports last weekend. sports last weekend. DidDid you you gogo to Central Park? Yes, I did. to Central Park? Yes, I did. Where Where diddid you you gogo on vacation? on vacation?1 1常带有表过去的时间状语，常带有表过去的时间状语， 如：如：yesterday, last night, in 2001, yesterday, l
3、ast night, in 2001, just now, two days ago just now, two days ago等等2 2一般过去时态是由一般过去时态是由be: was(were) be: was(were) 或或 did did 来表示来表示3. 3. 肯定式：肯定式： was (were) was (were) 或或 实义动词实义动词 diddid 否定式：否定式： was (were) +notwas (were) +not did+not+ did+not+动词原形动词原形 疑问式：疑问式：was (were)was (were)到句子的主语前到句子的主语前 didd
4、id到句子的主语前到句子的主语前4. 4. 动词过去式的构成有规则和不规则两类。规则动词过去动词过去式的构成有规则和不规则两类。规则动词过去式的构成有四类：式的构成有四类： 1)1)动词原形动词原形+ed +ed 如如 look-lookedlook-looked play-played play-played 2) 2)以结尾以结尾e e的动词的动词+d +d 如如 live-lived live-lived hope-hoped hope-hoped 3) 3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字 母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加母，应先双写这
5、一辅音字母，再加ed ed 如如 stop-stoppedstop-stopped 4) 4)以辅音字母以辅音字母+ +结尾的动词，先变结尾的动词，先变 “ “y”y”为为 “ “i”i”，再，再+ed +ed 如如 studystudied cry-crie studystudied cry-crie fillfilledfillsfillingfindfoundfindsfindinghavehadhashavinglooklookedlookslookinglikelikedlikeslikingbewas/wereisbeingknowknewknowsknowingwearworew
6、earswearingtelltoldtellstellingreadreadreadsreadingplayplayedplaysplayingstopstoppedstopsstoppingtalktalkedtalkstalkingrememberremembered remembersrememberingshopshoppedshopsshoppingbeginbeganbeginsbeginningtaketooktakestakingforgetforgotforgetsforgettinghelphelpedhelpshelpingwashwashedwasheswashing
7、watchwatchedwatcheswatchingwritewrotewriteswritingstartstartedstartsstartingreadreadreadsreadinggetgotgetsgettingcomecamecomescomingturnturnedturnsturningcrosscrossedcrossescrossingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingbecomebecamebecomesbecomingshowshowedshowsshowingeatateeatseatingdrinkdrankdrinksdrinkingwaterwat
8、eredwaterswateringgowentgoesgoingdodiddoesdoingseesawseesseeingorderorderedordersorderingopenopenedopensopeningcloseclosedclosesclosinggivegavegivesgivingkeepkeptkeepskeepingsleepsleptsleepssleepingspendspentspendsspendingsendsentsendssendingtaketooktakestakingstaystayedstaysstayingsaysaidsayssaying
9、studystudiedstudiesstudyingbuyboughtbuysbuyinglearnlearnedlearnslearningpracticepracticedpracticespracticingagreeagreedagreesagreeingarrivearrivedarrivesarrivingrunranrunsrunningfightfoughtfightsfightingflyflewfliesflyingmeetmetmeetsmeetingwaitwaitedwaitswaitingwashwashedwasheswashingwaterwateredwat
10、erswateringspeakspokespeaksspeakingteachtaughtteachesteachingsingsangsingssingingthinkthoughtthinksthinkinggrowgrewgrowsgrowingdrawdrewdrawsdrawingvisitvisitedvisitsvisitingplayplayedplaysplayingtrytriedtriestriedsitsatsitssittingswimswamswimsswimmingwantwantedwantswantingfindfoundfindsfindinghearhe
11、ardhearshearinglistenlistenedlistenslisteningtraveltraveledtravelstravelingcrycriedcriescryingwalkwalkedwalkswalkingdecidedecideddecidesdecidingbringbroughtbringsbringingrainrainedrainsrainingsnowsnowedsnowssnowinggetgotgetsgettingaskaskedasksaskingansweransweredanswersansweringdiscussdiscusseddiscu
12、ssesdiscussingmindmindedmindsmindingjoinjoinedjoinsjoiningtelltoldtellstellinglielaylieslyingdiedieddiesdyingenjoyenjoyedenjoysenjoyingshowshowedshowsshowingpasspassedpassespassingrelaxrelaxedrelaxesrelaxinglivelivedliveslivingfeelfeltfeelsfeelingworkworkedworksworkingbuildbuiltbuildsbuildingcookcoo
13、kedcookscookingmakemademakesmakingputputputsputtingstandstoodstandsstandingleaveleftleavesleavingcleancleanedcleanscleaning写作翻译范文：写作翻译范文： 乡村之旅乡村之旅 星期天，天气晴朗，还很凉快。妈妈星期天，天气晴朗，还很凉快。妈妈让我带着我的小弟弟到乡下去玩。她告诉让我带着我的小弟弟到乡下去玩。她告诉我要好好照顾他。我们沿着公路走，阳光我要好好照顾他。我们沿着公路走，阳光灿烂，微风拂面。我们看见花儿在向我们灿烂，微风拂面。我们看见花儿在向我们微笑，我们听到了鸟儿在枝头
14、歌唱。这幅微笑，我们听到了鸟儿在枝头歌唱。这幅景象真得非常的美丽。当我们感到累的时景象真得非常的美丽。当我们感到累的时候，我们就回家了。我们看见我们的妈妈候，我们就回家了。我们看见我们的妈妈正在门口等我们。正在门口等我们。 祈使句的复习建议：祈使句的复习建议： 掌握祈使句的基本用法和基本形式：掌握祈使句的基本用法和基本形式： 1) 1) 省略第二人称主语省略第二人称主语 you.you. 2) 2) 祈使句的肯定形式：祈使句的肯定形式：Do/Be Do/Be 开头；开头； 否定祈使句：否定祈使句： Don t do / Don t beDon t do / Don t be开头开头 3) 3)
15、 为表示礼貌，祈使句前或句末可加为表示礼貌，祈使句前或句末可加please. please. 句末用句末用pleaseplease时，时，pleaseplease前用前用“，”隔开。隔开。 祈使句的基本含义：祈使句的基本含义： 表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。 1.1.Turn Turn left on First Avenue and enjoy the left on First Avenue and enjoy the citys quiet streets and small parks citys quiet streets and small
16、 parks 2. 2. Dont beDont be late for school. late for school. 3. Please 3. Please write and tellwrite and tell me about yourself. me about yourself. 4. 4. BeBe quiet. quiet. 5. 5. ComeCome in, please. in, please. 6. 6. LetLet me tell you the way to my house. me tell you the way to my house.祈使句的复习方法：
17、祈使句的复习方法： 教师设计将陈述句改写成祈使句的练习，强化祈使句的基本句型结构。 作连词成句的练习，使学生明确祈使句省略主语和动词原形开头的基本构成形式。 练习写家规，校规的作文，将祈使句的用法应用到篇章之中。 There be There be 句型结构复习建议：句型结构复习建议：复习的层次：复习的层次： 1. be1. be动词与后面名词单复数一致的问题动词与后面名词单复数一致的问题 2. There be 2. There be 句型结构与句型结构与have/hashave/has的区别的区别 3. There be 3. There be 句型结构的就近原则句型结构的就近原则 The
18、re be There be 的一般现在时结构的一般现在时结构 某地有某物某地有某物/ /某时有某事某时有某事 There isThere is a bank near here. a bank near here. There are There are many people here on vacation. many people here on vacation. There isnt There isnt a pay phone across from the bank. a pay phone across from the bank. Is there Is there a b
19、ig supermarket near your house? a big supermarket near your house? There be There be 句型结构讲解：句型结构讲解：1.1.句子中的句子中的bebe和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。2.There be 2.There be 的肯定式：的肯定式：There be (is/are)There be (is/are) 否定式：否定式： There isnt There isnt There arent There arent 疑问式：疑问式：is/are is/are 提到提到the
20、rethere的前面的前面 一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句的回答：Yes, there is/are. Yes, there is/are. No, there isnt / arent. No, there isnt / arent. 特殊问句的回答：特殊问句的回答：There is/are There is/are 现在进行时讲解：现在进行时讲解： 表示表示: : 说话瞬间或现阶段正在进的动作。说话瞬间或现阶段正在进的动作。（时态可以通过动词的变化形式来表示）（时态可以通过动词的变化形式来表示） I I am watchingam watching TV. TV. The students
21、The students are studyingare studying for the exams. for the exams. She She isnt writingisnt writing a letter now a letter now IsIs Nancy Nancy doingdoing her homework? her homework? What What areare you you doingdoing now? now?1.1.现在进行时时态构成：现在进行时时态构成： 助动词助动词be (am, is, are)+ doing be (am, is, are)+
22、 doing 2.2.肯定式：肯定式： be (am, is, are) + doingbe (am, is, are) + doing3.3.否定式：否定式： be (am, is, are) +not +doingbe (am, is, are) +not +doing4.4.一般疑问句构成：一般疑问句构成： 将将bebe与主语互换位置与主语互换位置5. 5. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 WhatWhat（疑问词）（疑问词）+ be+ be+主语主语+doing?+doing?6 6进行时的提示词。进行时的提示词。 如：如：now, these daysnow, these days，look,
23、 listenlook, listen， Its oclockIts oclock等等7. 7. 现在分词的四种构成形式现在分词的四种构成形式: :1) 1) 动词原形动词原形+ing. +ing. 如：如：go-going go-going do-doing do-doing 2) e2) e结尾的动词，先去结尾的动词，先去e e再加再加ing ing 如：如：write-writing write-writing take -taking take -taking3) 3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加辅音字母
24、，应先双写这一辅音字母，再加ing. ing. 如：如： sitsitting sitsitting run-running run-running begin-beginning begin-beginning 4)4)以以ieie结尾的动词先变结尾的动词先变ieie为为y, y, 再再+ing. +ing. 如：如： lie-lying lie-lying die-dying die-dying冠冠 词词1. 不定冠词不定冠词a / an 的基本用法的基本用法： 1） 泛指某人或某物泛指某人或某物 。如。如 Then an idea occurred to me. 2） 代表一类人或物代表
25、一类人或物,但没有但没有one强烈强烈 。 An elephant is heavier than a horse . 3） 用于某些词组或成语中。用于某些词组或成语中。 As a matter of fact , I dont like the story. 2. 不定冠词不定冠词a /an 的位置：的位置： a / an 除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：a) 当名词短语中含有当名词短语中含有so，as，too，how 这样的词时，这样的词时， a /an 的位置为的位置为: so/ as / too / how + adj + a (an )
26、+名词名词 eg. so nice a girl b) such (what )+ a(an) +adj +名词名词 eg. such a nice girlc) quite (rather)+ a (an) +adj +名词名词 a quite(rather) + adj + 名词名词4. 4. 定冠词定冠词the the 的基本用法的基本用法1 1） 特指人或物特指人或物 Show me the photo of your family.Show me the photo of your family. Cut a tomato. Put the tomato on the bread.
27、Cut a tomato. Put the tomato on the bread. ( ( 指前面提到过的事物）指前面提到过的事物） How much are the red socks? (How much are the red socks? (双方都知道双方都知道) )2) 2) 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物用在单数名词前表示一类人或物 The dog is a useful animal .The dog is a useful animal .3) 3) 用在序数词和形容词最高级前用在序数词和形容词最高级前 In the first photo, Im playing basket
28、ball.In the first photo, Im playing basketball. Whats the best radio station? Whats the best radio station?4) 4) 用在乐器名称前。用在乐器名称前。 None of them can play the piano.None of them can play the piano.5)5) 用在姓氏的复数形式前。用在姓氏的复数形式前。 the Taylors. (the Taylors. (泰勒一家人泰勒一家人) ) 6 6）用在固定词组中）用在固定词组中 in the morning i
29、n the morning all the same all the same 5. 5. 零冠词零冠词 的惯用法：的惯用法：1)1) 在季节、月份、在季节、月份、 星期、星期、 节假日、学科、三餐、节假日、学科、三餐、 球、棋类名词前。球、棋类名词前。2 2） 在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。 I like my music teacher, Mr Cooper.I like my music teacher, Mr Cooper.3 3） 在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。4 4） 在专用名词（汉语拼音）
30、开头的名词词组前。在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。 Beijing airport Tianan men SquareBeijing airport Tianan men Square5 5） 表乘交通工具的短语中表乘交通工具的短语中 by bus = on a bus, by bus = on a bus, by train = on the/a train by train = on the/a train 疑问句疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句：指须用：指须用yesyes或或nono回答的问句。回答的问句。 一般现在时一般现在时：1 1）Am/Is/Are + Am/Is/Are + 主语主语? 2) Do+ 2) Do+主语主语+do.?+do.? 3) Does+ 3) Does+主语主语+do.?+do.? 4) Can+ 4) Can+主语主语+ do.+ do. 现在进行时现在进行时：Am/Is/Are+Am/Is/Are+主语主语+ doing?+ doing? 一般过去时一般过去时：1) Was/Were + 1) Was/Were + 主语主语? 2)Did + 2)Did +主语主语+ do?+ do?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： 指以who, what, where, when, how等疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序的问句。
