1、犯罪类crimes:抢劫：Robbery; plunder1犯罪类crimes:伤害：injury;murder2犯罪类crimes:盗窃：Theft、shoplifting3犯罪类crimes:毒品Drugs,on drugs/ take drugsdrug-trafficking4犯罪类crimes:绑架Kidnapkidnapper5犯罪类crimes:勒索Blackmail6犯罪类crimes:团伙：GangTattoo7犯罪类青少年Youthadolescentyoung peopleteenageryoungsterjuniorMinor青少年犯罪 juvenile delinqu
2、ency 行为不良，违法犯罪；失职，怠工行为不良，违法犯罪；失职，怠工youth crime8犯罪类违法（犯罪）的人：criminaloffenderLaw-breakerfelon feln（重罪犯）violator重罪：felony小罪：minor crime/ light crimeProperty crime 财产犯罪Violence crime 暴力犯罪9犯罪类惩罚：punishmenttreatmentpenaltysentence retribution严厉的harshseverestrictlengthy10犯罪类 投入监狱put into prison 社区服务Communi
3、ty service再教育：rehabilitation rih,blten， re-education工作培训：job training咨询：Counseling11CRIME u法制与犯罪类主题出现频率大概在每年法制与犯罪类主题出现频率大概在每年2-4次左右，属于频率较低题型。次左右，属于频率较低题型。u备考建议：备考建议： 掌握专有词汇掌握专有词汇 熟悉常出话题熟悉常出话题 积累相关话题素材积累相关话题素材 经典论题1.青少年犯罪的成因和惩罚 (juvenile delinquency/ youth crime)What are the causes of juvenile delinq
4、uency and how shouldthey be punished?In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening? How should children or teenagers be punished?131109131109 young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. Do you agree o
5、r disagree?很多年轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决?学生在学校不当行为的原因和解决方法? Commit crime Commit crime punishpunish经典论题2. 惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crimeuSome people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better. To what extent do you agree?uSome people think l
6、awbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. sendto prison , criminal education and training work in communities真题2012.05.122012.05.12 Today prison is the most common solution for crime. But some people th
7、ink that it would be a more effective way to provide them with better education to prevent them from becoming criminals. Do you agree or disagree?130216=090917 130216=090917 Some people think that all the lawbreakers should be taken into the prison, while others believe that there are better alterna
8、tives, (for example, doing some work or learning some skills in the community). Discuss both views and give your opinion.lawbreakersthe most common solutions for crime经典论题 2. 惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crimeuSome people think to lower the crime rate, criminals should be given longer terms/sentences in pr
9、ison. Others, however, think there are other better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.uSome people believe that there should be fixed punishment for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for
10、 committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.是否应该废除死刑?降低犯罪的最佳方法是延长监狱邢期吗?刑满释放人员再犯罪率很高，为什么，如何解决?你认为罪犯应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些技能?应该根据犯罪动机和具体案例量刑吗?Lower crime rate Give longer term/sentence in prisonReduce crime Fix
11、ed punishmentCircumstance of Individual crimeMotivation for经典论题3. 预防犯罪 crime prevention12.11.03=04.09.11=08.10.0412.11.03=04.09.11=08.10.04Many people are afraid to leave home because of crimes. Some Many people are afraid to leave home because of crimes. Some believe that believe that moremore acti
12、ons should be taken to prevent crimesactions should be taken to prevent crimes, but , but others feel little can be done.others feel little can be done. Discuss both views and give your Discuss both views and give your opinion.opinion.Unlike in most other countries, police in the UK do not commonly
13、Unlike in most other countries, police in the UK do not commonly carry guns.carry guns. Some people think it Some people think it leaves citizens unprotectedleaves citizens unprotected. But . But others think it others think it reducesreduces the overall violencethe overall violence in our society.
14、in our society. Discuss both sides of the view and giveDiscuss both sides of the view and give your opinion.your opinion. prevent crimes, leave citizen unprotected, reduce violence, increased crime经典论题3. 预防犯罪 crime preventionMore and more measures to improve the security in large urban areas More an
15、d more measures to improve the security in large urban areas have beenhave been introduced in many countries because of introduced in many countries because of the increased the increased crimecrime. Do the benefits of. Do the benefits of these measures outweigh the drawbacksthese measures outweigh
16、the drawbacks2014.6.72014.6.7Some people believe that Some people believe that if a police force carries a gunif a police force carries a gun, it will , it will encourage encourage higher levels of violencehigher levels of violence in the whole society. To what in the whole society. To what extent d
17、o you agree or disagree?extent do you agree or disagree?延伸类题型延伸类题型是否应该严惩违反交规者?城市中采取预防犯罪的措施，利大于弊吗?个人如果为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗?犯罪是世界问题，无法预防，你同意吗?increased crime; higher level of violence论题论题1 1Juvenile delinquencyJuvenile delinquency（青少年（青少年犯罪）犯罪）known as juvenile offendingjuvenile offending, is participati
18、on in illegal behavior illegal behavior by minors (juveniles)by minors (juveniles)Increasing number of young Increasing number of young offendersoffendersHigher rate of youth crime Higher rate of youth crime Lets discuss青少年犯罪Q1：What are thecausescausesof juvenile delinquencyQ2： How shouldthey be pun
19、ishedthey be punished? Q3: How to crack down the rate of crack down the rate of youth crimesyouth crimes?Q1： What are thecausescausesof youth crime教养方式：parenting style纵容的：Permissive溺爱的：IndulgentConflict 疏忽的：neglectful监督：Supervision霸道的，专制的authoritarian,rtern 22Family factors that may have an influenc
20、e on offending include: the level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, particularly harsh punishment, parental conflict or separation, criminal parents or siblings, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of the parent-child relationship.Q1： What are the causes of youth cr
21、ime家庭教育u家长不尽责:溺爱，专制u家庭关系不和谐,父母有矛盾u 家庭暴力，家庭犯罪parenting -Dysfunctional family conditionsuindulgent parenting-affirmative enablement of misbehavioruauthoritarian parenting- Lack of respect- harsh discipline and refusal to justify discipline on any basis other than because I said so“udomestic violence a
22、nd crime，physical and psychological abuse neglectful parenting-a lack of monitoringQ1： 句子练习孩子很有可能在家里面有很少的监督。Children are likely to have less supervision at home.2. 父母监督的缺少被认为是青少年犯罪的一个影响The lack of parental supervision is thought as an influence on youth crimes.3. 其他可能导致一个青少年犯罪的因素包括低下的社会经济地位，糟糕的学校表现。
23、Other factors that may lead a teenager into juvenile delinquency include low/ poor socioeconomic status and poor school performance犯罪类同龄人：peer group26Q1： What are the causes of youth crime2. 学校教育 法制教育缺失 学校暴力，欺凌 学业失败-学习压力过大，竞争，学习不感兴趣 同伴压力Schoolinguabsence of moral and legal education uSchool bullying
24、, school violenceuStudy pressure- exam-oriented education /heated competition/ school failure/poor academic performanceuPeer pressure-have some friends who are involved in delinquent activities. 写句子1. 学校可以塑造年轻人的机会和自我价值感Schools can shape youths sense of opportunities and self-worth2. 完不成作业，学习成绩不好就会导致
25、低自尊心，被疏远或者无价值的感觉。The failure to complete homework and poor performance may create low self- esteem and the feeling of alienation or worthlessness.3. 那些在学校表现差的孩子很有可能行为失当，因为学习成绩差，不留恋学校和对教育的低期望值，这些都加大了犯罪的几率。Those children with poor performance are likely to misbehave because of a bad academic accomplis
26、hment and a low attachment to school , which both increase crime rate. Q1： What are the causes of youth crime3. 社会环境媒体不良信息对家庭教育和学校教育缺乏重视，缺乏引导 不争取的道德，价值观social environmentuFrequent exposure to harmful （violent， pornographic）information in the media/ content on the Internet.ulack of support to familie
27、s and neighborhoods, real or perceived inaccessibility to services, lack of leadership in communities, uImproper outlook of life and value placed on children - a strong desire for material wealth and luxury lifestyles- be tempted to commitQ1： What are the causes of youth crime4. 经济原因 贫穷 缺乏教育机会Econom
28、ic factorsu poverty u Have no access to educational opportunities5. 5. 青少年心理发展原因 容易冲动 自制力差 辨别是非能力较差adolescent psychologyu a high degree of impulsiveness and hyperactivity；u low self-control-poor anger managementu too immature to distinguish right from wrong.翻译下列句子1. 青少年犯罪率以一个惊人的（alarming) 速度在增长2. 年龄
29、在12到17的年轻人的犯罪率在2005年和200年间增长了3%。3. 研究显示那接受足够父母监督的孩子不大可能参与犯罪活动。4. 青少年犯罪增长的一个因素可以被归咎于(be attributed to)他们的家庭教育5. 媒体里的色情或者暴力内容经常给青年造成极大的负面影响。6. 有低智商的孩子更容易在学校做坏事，这可能会提高offending得机会。7. 孩童时期的同伴排斥（Peer rejection）也是青少年犯罪的一个大的预示。8.不稳定的社会经济 (Socioeconomic instability)经常和持续的失业以及低收入相连，这能提高年轻人在犯罪活动中的参与度。Q2Q2： Sh
30、ould young offenders be Should young offenders be punished the same as adults?punished the same as adults?真题解析u131109131109 Young people who commit serious crimes, such as robbery or violent attacks should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?参考思路：同意：（换位思考，最
31、好受害者、公众、犯罪者都有涉及）1. 受害者及其家人、朋友的诉求；2. 公众的安全感需要确保，防止再次犯罪3. 严厉的惩罚对于其他年轻人起到震慑作用1. solacecomfort the victims to ensure the justice.2. prevent the criminals from recommitment，especially the habitual criminals to avoid damage to the outside world. 3. the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals fr
32、om committing crimes. 不同意：1. 青少年本身不成熟2. 监狱生活对他们的身心发展不利3. 监狱里面的伙伴都是犯罪分子，有可能对他们进行负面的引导。4. 监狱经历给他们出狱之后的生活留下不良记录和影响Minors are yet to approach their maturityMinors are yet to approach their maturity, and their crimes, albeit serious, should be punished with the consideration of their young age. Bad livin
33、g conditions in jail is a kind of torment to their relatively physical and psychological conditions. Minors are exposed to more sophisticated criminals and crimes, which may aggravate juvenile delinquency.The experience of jail life may exert adverse effect on their future prospects for this record.
34、Q3： how to reduce youth reduce youth crimescrimes?Join hands in minimizing the rate of youth crimes.Family parenting: discipline, regulations, respect, care, supervision, right world outlook, decent values School: enrich students life; build up confidence; provide life planning guidance; psychologic
35、al guidanceSociety: the strict supervision of the media and information exposed to the young; financial support for the education and living; Topic 2经典论题：Some people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better. To what extent do you
36、agree?Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. 变异：Prisons are useless for crime problems and education is a better solutionsolution. Do you agree or disagreedisagree with this statem
37、entstatement?Q2： how should they be punished?社区服务/再教育rehabilitation/ re-education？监狱服刑？ Which side are you on?uCriminals should be put into prison.Criminals should be put into prison.Or Or uCriminals should provided with Criminals should provided with Rehabilitation programs.Rehabilitation programs.
38、43Community serviceis performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its institutions. Performing community service is not the same as volunteering, since it is not always done voluntarily.it is often offered to small-time offenders as an alternative to fines or jail time
39、. rehabilitation programproperty crimes such as vandalism or shopliftingFor:教育(re-education)、培训(training)、心理辅导(psychological counseling)they can master some skills to support themselvesearn their breadmake a living to integrate back into communitiesthey can make contribution to the society to repair
40、 their mistakes. creates a sense of accomplishmentpromotes self-confidence and self-esteem Q2： how should they be punished?监狱服刑commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt; slt or robbery; repeated violent offenders) be sentenced to prison/ serve prison terms deter them from further violent offen
41、ces.causes many of them feel remorseful rmsf()l for their crime. Sending criminals into prison?commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt; slt or robbery; repeated violent offenders) For:预防罪犯再犯罪，尤其是惯犯 prevent the criminals from recommitment especiallyin particularparticularly the habitual crimi
42、nals罪犯在监狱的行为受到监控不会对外界造成伤害。The criminals behaviors may be closely monitored and would not cause damage to the outside world. 抚慰受害者, 维护正义solacecomfort the victims 有震慑作用，可以警示潜在的犯罪人the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals from committing crimes. Crime prevention加强自我保护意识Raise/ improve the a
43、wareness of self-protection should be enhanced 鼓励受害人报案encourage the victims to report a case to security authorities，同时设法消除受害人担心报复的心理meanwhile, approaches should be adopted to clear the fear of reprisal 完善法律体系perfectbetter legal system. Especially, betterment should be done to the Criminal Law and C
44、riminal Procedure Law, which may basically guarantee the life right and property right 加大法制宣传enlarge the scope of legal advocating make more and more people to known law better. As a case in point, some related authorities and organizations could take some efforts to promote peoples legal awareness
45、and encourage them to combat social evils. 再犯罪的原因51.Nowadays, the criminals set free from the prisons always 51.Nowadays, the criminals set free from the prisons always tend to commit crimes again. What are the causes of this tend to commit crimes again. What are the causes of this problem? What mea
46、sures can be taken to solve this problem? problem? What measures can be taken to solve this problem? (09.06.13)(09.06.13)再犯罪的原因：在监狱中受到消极影响，改造不彻底 出狱后不能自食其力，不能重新适应社会 受到偏见和歧视，就业和家庭生活很难恢复正常 个人的自卑和心理障碍 解决的措施：改进改造方法，让罪犯的改造更为彻底。 改造时对罪犯进行心里辅导和职业培训，让他们彻底拜托犯罪心理，掌握自食其力的技能 防止罪犯间的消极交流 保障罪犯在返回社会后的就业和生活问题，尽量减少歧视。激
47、励学生学习的名言格言激励学生学习的名言格言220、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路。221、世界会向那些有目标和远见的人让路（冯两努香港著名推销商） 222、绊脚石乃是进身之阶。223、销售世界上第一号的产品不是汽车，而是自己。在你成功地把自己推销给别人之前，你必须百分之百的把自己推销给自己。224、即使爬到最高的山上，一次也只能脚踏实地地迈一步。225、积极思考造成积极人生，消极思考造成消极人生。226、人之所以有一张嘴，而有两只耳朵，原因是听的要比说的多一倍。227、别想一下造出大海，必须先由小河川开始。228、有事者，事竟成；破釜沉舟，百二秦关终归楚；苦心人，天不负；
48、卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。 229、以诚感人者，人亦诚而应。 230、积极的人在每一次忧患中都看到一个机会，而消极的人则在每个机会都看到某种忧患。231、出门走好路，出口说好话，出手做好事。232、旁观者的姓名永远爬不到比赛的计分板上。 233、怠惰是贫穷的制造厂。234、莫找借口失败，只找理由成功。（不为失败找理由，要为成功找方法）235、如果我们想要更多的玫瑰花，就必须种植更多的玫瑰树。236、伟人之所以伟大，是因为他与别人共处逆境时，别人失去了信心，他却下决心实现自己的目标。237、世上没有绝望的处境，只有对处境绝望的人。238、回避现实的人，未来将更不理想。239、当你感到悲哀痛苦时，
49、最好是去学些什么东西。学习会使你永远立于不败之地。240、伟人所达到并保持着的高处，并不是一飞就到的，而是他们在同伴们都睡着的时候，一步步艰辛地向上爬241、世界上那些最容易的事情中，拖延时间最不费力。242、坚韧是成功的一大要素，只要在门上敲得够久、够大声，终会把人唤醒的。 243、人之所以能，是相信能。244、没有口水与汗水，就没有成功的泪水。245、一个有信念者所开发出的力量，大于99个只有兴趣者。 246、环境不会改变，解决之道在于改变自己。247、两粒种子，一片森林。248、每一发奋努力的背后，必有加倍的赏赐。249、如果你希望成功，以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以小心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。250、大多数人想要改造这个世界，但却罕有人想改造自己。
