1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来过去式过去式 (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V.(原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.过去式过去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原原)一一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 If it were not raining, we sho
2、uld go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。与现在事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反的虚拟 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。聚会了。 If he hadnt called me, I would have ov
3、erslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。头了。与过去事实相反的虚拟与过去事实相反的虚拟 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week If it sho
4、uld fail, I would try again. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。要是失败了，我会再试一次。与将来事实相反的虚拟与将来事实相反的虚拟2. 表示表示要求要求,命令命令,建议建议的虚拟语气。的虚拟语气。1). 由动词由动词（一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两个命令, 三个建三个建议议, 四个要求四个要求）引导的）引导的宾语从句宾语从句。用虚拟。用虚拟语气语气should+V.或者省略或者省略should, 即即 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request
5、, ask We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.注意注意: 当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示,表明表明” insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气:lThe smile on hi
6、s face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.2) 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等引导的等引导的表语从句表语从句中中: My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The general
7、s order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours.3). 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等引导的等引导的同位语从句同位语从句中：中：uWe all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing.uOrder came that the soldiers be sent to the border. uHere is the doctors advi
8、ce that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.4).在在 It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/required/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 此类此类主语从句主语从句中中, 从句用从句用 (should) + 动词原形动词原形: Its suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded be
9、sent to the field hospital at once. It is required that students should turn off lights when leaving classroom.二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1). wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原) should I wish everyday were my birthday. I wish I hadnt eaten so much fo
10、od yesterday. I wish I would be a scientist.2). would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3). as if /though +表语从句表语从句 现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She loves the baby as if it were her o
11、wn son. They talked as if they had been friends for years. 4). Its (high) time +that过去时过去时(were)Should(不省不省) +V.你该走了你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5).Its necessary/strange/important/nat
12、ural /a pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句，从句，从句中要用虚拟语气从句中要用虚拟语气, 即即(should)+动词原动词原形形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.注意注意：It is+adj./n.+that 句型也可句型也可不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气: It is a pity
13、that she has made such a mistake. It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.6). 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句中中, 表示表示 “要是。就好了要是。就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!If only I had known his telephone number!
14、7).如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和和should时，可时，可省略省略if，把，把were，had和和should放到从句主语前面去，多放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。见于书面语。 Had you not helped me，I should have failed. 要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我
15、们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。8).在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气条件句的虚拟语气: If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = Without your help, = Had it not been for your help, 9). otherwise 和和supposing也可以也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：引导虚拟语气。例如：The st
16、orm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?10). 混合型的条件句混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互主句和从
17、句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较。较多见的混合型条件句是多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。时（指目前状态）。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎假如昨天我
18、对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。么办了。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass. 假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 1. If I had had enough time, I _ my work. A.would finish B.must have finished D.had finished C.would have finishedCExercise2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A.will catch B.would catch
19、 C.would have caught D.will have caught C3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed AD5. I wish I _ what is happening there in his
20、room. A.know B.known C.knew D.should know 6. It is important that you _ sports every day. A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have CA7. If there were no water in the world, everything _. A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead B8. _ what was going to happen, I would never
21、have left her alone. A.Had I known B.If I know D.If had I known C.If I knewA9. He ordered that the work _ right away. A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10. _ in your position, I would help him. A.Was I B.Were I C.If I am D.If I had been DB11. Shall we go to the movie tonig
22、ht? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A.you stayed B.you stay C.stayed D.stayA12. Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 13. If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A.understand it B
23、.have understood C.be understood D.have been understood DD14. If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A.havent watched B.hadnt watched C.didnt watch D.wouldnt have watched 15. The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese. A.isB.be C.should beD.wereBD16.If he
24、_, he_ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned; would not takeB.would be warned; had not takenC.had been warned; would not have takenD.would have been warned; had not taken C1. If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 2. Its time that we _
25、(go) to the railway station.3. If they_ (not help) us ,our experiment would have failed. had arrivedhadnt helpedwent / should go填空填空4.Youre five minutes late.I suggested that you _ (come )earlier tomorrow. 5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we _ (drink) a glass of water after we get u
26、p. (should) come(should) drink6.She insisted that she_ (send) to work in the faraway small town. 7. _ I not _ (forget) his telephone number,I would have rung him. 8.He is busy now. If he _ (be) free, he_ (go) with you. would goforgotten (should) be sent Hadwere9. The manager was in his office then.
27、If he _ (be) here, everything _ (settle) in a minute. 10. Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing _ (happen).would haven been settled were happeninghad been虚拟语气专练虚拟语气专练(2)n1.Did you submit(递交）your application for a Masters degree(硕士学位）？nNot yet. If I_ to see my father, I would have.”nA. di
28、dnt go B. havent gone C. wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gonen2.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?nI didnt want one, but he would have given me one if I _.nA. Do B. would C. will D. hadDDn3.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?nNo, if he had, I dont believe _broken the living
29、room window.nA. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he hasn4._Id have told you.nA. If I would have known it B. If I had have known itnC. Had I known it D. Should I know it CC 6.It is raining, and I have no umbrella.nHeres mine, and I insist _it.nA. you to take B. that you take C. that you ta
30、king D. you takingn7. The professor gave orders that the test _before 5:30.nA. be finished B. will finish C .will be finished D. shall finishBAn8. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _an hour before the discussion begins. nA. go B. shall go C. will go D. would gon9. I didnt go to the
31、party, but I do wish I _there.nA. was B. were C. had been D. wentn10. She speaks as if she _on the spot.nA. was B. were C. had been D. isACBn11. If I _ten years younger, I _ very happy.nA. were, would be B. am, shall be C. were, shall be D. am, would ben12. You can ask your brother for help.n He is
32、not at home. If he _, I _.nA. is, would B. were, would C. is, will D. were, willn13. If you _the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.nA. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followedABDn14. If he had not missed the train, he _by then.nA. might get B. might have got C. got D. had go
33、tn15. What would you have done last night, if you _to write your homework.nA. hadnt B. havent had C. didnt have D. hadnt hadn16. Did you catch the plane?nNo. if I had hurried, I _.nA. would B. would have C. could D. didBDBn17. Why didnt you tell him the truth? If I _you, I would have.nA. were B. had
34、 been C. am D. would be n18.How do you like the party?nWonderful. If you had come with us, you _a good time.nA. had B. had had C. would have D. would have hadn19. If I _out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.nA. didnt run B. shouldnt run C. havent run D. hadnt runBDDn20. If you _earl
35、y tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.nA. have started B. were started C. were to start D. had startedn21.Did you hand in your application for a league member?nNot yet. If I _to see my father, I would have.nA. didnt go B. havent gone C. wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gonen22.Why didnt Tom give
36、you one of his paintings?nI didnt want one, but he would have given me one if I _.nA. do B. would C. will D. hadCDDn23.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?nNo, if he had, I dont believe _broken the living room window.nA. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he hasn24._Id ha
37、ve told you.nA. If I would have known it B. If I had have known itnC. Had I known it D. should I know itCCn虚拟语气练习（虚拟语气练习（3）1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not 2 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C.thought D. will think 3 I wish I my uncle
38、yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 5. She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left6. Its already 5 oclo
39、ck now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left 7 Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B10 If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 11 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I _ , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to
