1、上海高考英语语法复习上海高考英语语法复习名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句分类名词性从句分类l_从句，l_从句，l_从句，l_从句。 主语主语表语表语同位语同位语宾语宾语名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句包括名词性从句包括主语从句主语从句、表语从句表语从句、宾语从句宾语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句。 1. 陈述句作名词性从句陈述句作名词性从句, 用用 that 引导引导, 在从句里不作成分在从句里不作成分, 但不能省但不能省 (除宾语从句除宾语从句)。 2. 一般疑问句作名词性从句一般疑问句作名词性从句, 只能只能用用 whether 引导引导 (除宾语从句用除宾语从句用if / whether 均
2、可均可)。 3. 特殊疑问句作名词性从句特殊疑问句作名词性从句, 用连接代词用连接代词 who / whose / whom / what / which / whoever / whomever / whatever / whichever 和连接副词和连接副词 when / where / why / how / whenever / wherever / however 引出。引出。 4. 从句中用陈述句的词序。从句中用陈述句的词序。 5. 在名词性从句中在名词性从句中, “无论谁无论谁”、“无论什么无论什么”, 只能用只能用whoever / whatever, 但在让步状语从句中但在
3、让步状语从句中, whoever / whatever 和和 no matter who / no matter what 均均可。可。主语从句主语从句 1. that, whetherl_ they are still alive is beyond doubt.l_ they are still alive is still unknown.Conclusion: that引导_；whether引导_。不充当从句的成分。ThatWhether肯定事实肯定事实一个疑问一个疑问主语从句主语从句2. what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, etc.l_ you
4、have done can not save the man who have been buried in ruins for 5 days.l_ follows is a lecture on how to save yourself on an emergency occasion.l_ will win the first prize is still a mystery.l_ wins the first prize will be given the opportunity to travel abroad.l_ work will win the first prize rema
5、ins to be seen.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverWhoseConclusion lwhat=_; lwhatever=_;l who=_;l whoever=_. 在从句中充当_，_，_。all that /the thing thatanything thatthe person whoanyone who主语主语宾语宾语表语表语主语从句主语从句3. when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverl_ he refuses to work with you is still a mystery.l_ we mus
6、t finish our task is an important question.l_ he can solve this problem in such a short time seems a mystery to us.l_ you go seems none of my business.Conclusion: 在从句中充当_。WhyWhenHowWhere状语状语it作形式主语（句型转换）作形式主语（句型转换） lWhether he comes or not makes no difference. _lThat he has stolen the wallet is not
7、true. _lThat the whale is not a fish is common sense. _lThat he spoke on such a serious occasion is a shame. _It makes no difference whether he comes or not. It is not true that he has stolen the wallet. It is common sense that the whale is not a fish. It is a shame that he spoke on such a serious o
8、ccasion. 常见句型常见句型 lIt is reported (believed, said, expected, thought, known, estimated) thatlIt is easy (difficult, convenient, possible, likely, certain) thatl当adj. 为surprising, strange, natural, necessary, important时，从句谓语要用 (should) dolIt is a pity (a shame, an honor, a good idea, no wonder) thatl
9、It seems (appears, turns out, occurs) (to sb) thatTranslationl据报道, 强台风将于明天早上登陆上海。 It is reported that strong typhoon will land in Shanghai tomorrow morning. l向受灾儿童伸出援手是十分必要的。 It is necessary that the children who suffered from the disaster should be given a helping hand. Translationl在我看来似乎你没有可能得第一名。
10、 It seems to me that you are unlikely to get the first prize. /it is impossible for you to win the first prize.l一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。(06年高考) It depends on many factors whether a book sells well. l众所周知，吸烟会导致许多疾病。(98年高考) It is known to all that smoking will cause many diseases. 表语从句表语从句 1. that, whetherlMy
11、idea is _ we should stick to our original plan.lThe question is _ youd like to go with us.thatwhether表语从句表语从句2. what, who, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, etc.lThat is _ I want to say.lHe is _ I want to introduce to you.lThe CD I will recommend is _ I believe to be the greatest rock of all times.
12、whatwho/whomwhat表语从句表语从句3. when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverlThis school is _ we first met and became friends.lMy question is _ he can return the book to the school library.lThat is _ Jack was late for school again.wherewhenwhy表示原因的表语从句表示原因的表语从句 lThe reason why she refused his invit
13、ation is _ she has another important activity to take part in.lWhy you dont accept my invitation? This is _ I have an important meeting to attend at that time.thatbecausel当主语表示建议，命令，要求的时候，表当主语表示建议，命令，要求的时候，表语从句谓语要用语从句谓语要用_。lThe teachers requirement is that all the students present _ (donate) money.l
14、The proposal of the library is that your reading cards _ (not lend) to others.(should) do(should) donate(should) not be lentTranslationl那是因为他工作马虎。 That is because he is careless in his work. l问题是我们是否应该接受他的邀请。 The question is whether we should accept his invitation. Translationl他没有出席会议的原因是因为他病了。 The
15、reason why he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.l最使我苦恼的是我做这种工作没多少经验。 What annoyed me most was that I hadnt much experience to do this kind of work.同位语从句同位语从句 1. 名词名词+ that引导的从句引导的从句lThe fact that his health _ (fail) is not true.lThe proposal that all the orphans _ (adopt) by a good family
16、 is widely accepted.is failing(should) be adopted同位语从句同位语从句 2. 名词名词+ wh-引导的从句引导的从句lI have no idea _ happened to him.lThe question _ we could get the loan from the bank made us upset.whatwhether同位语从句同位语从句 3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别lI believed the fact that he was honest. _从句lI believed the fact th
17、at he thought to be true. _从句同位语同位语定语定语Translationl毫无疑问这个人是愚蠢的。 There is no doubt that this man is stupid. l你相信“有志者事竟成”这句谚语吗？ Do you believe the proverb that “Where there is a will, there is a way”?l听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。（02年高考） Hearing the news that the 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, t
18、he people are wild with joy.宾语从句宾语从句 1. that, whether, if1) 动词动词+宾语从句宾语从句lI doubt _ there is someone still trapped in ruins.lI dont doubt _ there is someone still trapped in ruins.lJim suggested (that) we _ (go) to the Rocky Mountains during the summer.注意注意：doubt, wonder的否定句和疑问句中用引导的从句_, 肯定句中用_。 表示建
19、议，命令，要求后跟从句要用_。whetherthat(should) gothatwhether(should) dolThe government promised the people _ (医疗队将到达所有村庄)lThe manager reminded me _ (这个计划必须在明早交给他)2) 动词动词+sb+宾语从句宾语从句that the medical team would reach all the villages. that the plan should be handed in to him the next morning. 3) 动词动词+it+形容词形容词/惯用
20、搭配惯用搭配+宾语从句宾语从句lI _ that we should cooperate with each other.（认为是必要的）lHe _ that he does physical exercises for two hours every day.（定下规矩）lMany children _ that they neednt do any housework.（认为理所当然）lI _ if you gave me timely help.（不胜感激）lI _ that I arrive at the airport on time to meet you.（设法做到） think
21、/consider/find it necessary has made it a rule take it for granted would appreciate it very much will see to it wh- 引导的从句引导的从句 lHe has informed me _ they are to discuss my proposal.lI dont know _ he can swim across the river without any aid.whenhow介词介词+宾语从句宾语从句lHe was not conscious of _ an important
22、 discovery he had made.lWhether he can succeed depends on _ well we cooperate.lIn spite of _ has been distributed to people, food, medicine, pure water are still badly needed.lHe drove at _ we consider dangerous speed.lYou can not write a good composition without any idea on _ it will develop or end
23、.whathowwhatwhathow不能用不能用if代替代替whether的情况的情况 lif不能和_连用lif不能用在_后面lif不能和_连用or not介词介词to doTranslationl我希望尽快收到你的照片。（05年高考） I hope that I will receive your photos as soon as possible.l我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。（06年高考） We believe that peasants life will be better and better.Translationl这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。（02年春考） The accident made us realize that safety problem couldnt be ignored.l物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。（06年春考） In physics lesson, he didnt catch what Professor Wang said.
