1、牛津英语词汇详解 必修 第二册Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthyWord listsSupportive sentences1. soccer /sk(r)/ n.（美）足球运动（15）【原句背诵】Q: What do soccer players and magicians have in common?A: Both do hat-tricks!2. bat /bt/ n.蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt. & vi.用球棒（板）击球（15）【原句背诵】Q: What animal is best at hitting baseball?A: A bat!3. skydivin
2、g /skadav/ n.跳伞运动（15）【原句背诵】Q: What is the hardest part about skydiving?A: The ground!4. congratulation /knrtulen/ n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺（16）【原句背诵】You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you!【拓展】a letter of congratulation 贺信to offer/sen
3、d your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺congratulate vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺congratulate sb. on/upon/for (doing) sthg. 因（做某事祝贺某人）【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。Im glad to get together to offer our congratulations on your success in the competition.我很高兴我们能聚在一起祝贺你在比赛中获胜。Congratulations on your exam results! 祝贺你
4、考出了好成绩！Please allow me to congratulate you with all my heart on your great achievement. 请允许我衷心地祝贺你获得非凡的成就。5. assume vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露（16）6. do wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用（16）【原句背诵】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for your body and mindbut what exactly are its health benefits?【拓展
5、】assume (that)假设/认为It is assumed that.人们认为assumption n. 假定；假设；担任an assumption that假定（that引导同位语从句）【误区】assuming用作连词时，意思是“假定；假设”。I hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams. 我希望明年上大学，当然是在我通过考试的前提下。In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the
6、 work. 在进行艺术批评时，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着秘密信息。Everyone must assume his share of the responsibility to protect the environment. 每个人都必须承担起保护环境的责任。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? 下列哪项是论点所依赖的假设？【链接
7、高考】（2014安徽卷）So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. 所以，我们假设历史建筑对大多数人来说都是有吸引力和重要的。（2013江苏卷）When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal wit
8、h decompression. 当他开始研究时，他认为在较年轻的化石中，减压病的迹象会更罕见，这反映了它们应对减压措施的逐渐演变。 7. lung /l/ n.肺（16）8. over the long term长期（16）【原句背诵】To start with, physical activity increases the efficiency of your heart and lungs. During exercise, your heart and lungs must work harder. This extra effort makes them grow stronger
9、 over the long term.【拓展】in the short term 从短期来看；就眼前来说in the long term 从长远来看in terms of 依据；按照；在方面；以措词In the long term, I am optimistic about Chinas consumption growth. 从长远来看，我对中国消费增长持乐观态度。The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。【链接高考】（2020全国卷III）O
10、nly 6 percent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning. 只有6%的美国大城市将其纳入了长期规划。（2014江苏卷）For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up. 对经济学家来说，每个决定都是基于一个人知道必须放弃什么金钱和享受以便接受它。 （2012上海卷）In te
11、rms of everyday behavior，the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. 在日常行为方面，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究发现，当女性感到压力时，她们比男性更有可能寻求社会接触。 9. tend /tend/ vi.往往会；趋向vt. 照看（16）10. *immune /mjun/ adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的（16）11. disease /dziz/ n.病，疾病（16）【原句背诵】
12、It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.【拓展】tend to do sthg. 易于做某事tend to/towards sthg. 有的趋势；倾向于tend (to) sb./sthg.照顾/照看某人/某物tendency n. 趋势；偏好；倾向have a tendency to do (for) sthg. 倾向于做When we are under stress our bodies tend to t
13、ense up. 当我们处在压力之下时，我们的身体往往会绷紧。Obese people tend to have higher blood pressure than lean people. 肥胖的人往往比瘦人血压高。Prices have tended downwards over recent years. 近年来物价趋于下降。Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 医生和护士护理受伤者。There is a tendency for Covid19 pandemic to run in groups. 冠状病毒易在群体中传播。【链接高考】（2021
14、全国乙卷）Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。 （2020浙江卷）Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. 那些精神上有激励、退休前要求工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。 12.
15、moreover /mrv(r)/ adv. 此外，而且（16）【原句背诵】Moreover, exercise is good for your mental health.【拓展】besides adv. 况且，再说；此外，以及in addition 另外，此外；加之Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind. 此外，理解大脑和理解思维是不一样的。Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even considered as
16、 bad manners. 此外，在活动期间看手表甚至被视为不礼貌的行为。13. reduce /rdjus/ vt.减少，缩小（16）【原句背诵】Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.【拓展】reduce sthg. (from sthg.) (to sthg.)reduce sthg. (by sthg.) 减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）be reduced to (doing) sthg. 使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落；使陷入窘境reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小；还原（反应）
17、The medicine helps reduce the risks of heart disease. 这种药减小了犯心脏病的风险。The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数40人减少到了25人。Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。Numerous people in Africa have been reduced to extreme poverty. 很多非洲人沦落到极度贫困的地步。He was reduced to
18、 begging for a living. 他不得不以乞讨为生。There has been some reduction in unemployment. 失业人数有所减少。 【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 冯王希望他的作品能帮助给大公司施加压力以减少使用塑料。（2020天津卷）Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electric compon
19、ent is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing. 在飞行的关键时候，特别是起飞和降落时，开启电子元件可以减少燃料消耗。14. routine /rutin/ n.常规，惯例 adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的（17）15. muscle /msl/ n.肌肉，肌（17）【原句背诵】When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart an
20、d lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.Make exercise a part of your daily routine. 让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle. 这些运动员不得不改变他们的每日常规和生活方式。The fault was discovered during a routine check. 这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。So many days are routine and uninterestin
21、g, especially in winter. 太多的日子都是平淡和无趣，尤其是在冬季。【链接高考】（2015浙江卷）Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. 我的生活都改变了; 我的老套路已经一去不复返了。 16. *aerobic /erbk/ adj.有氧的；需氧的（17）17. jogging /d/ n.慢跑锻炼（17）18. skiing /ski/ n.滑雪（运动）（17）【原句背诵】Aerobic activities, like jogging，swimming and skiing
22、, develop your heart and lungs.19. pull-up /pl p/ n.引体向上（17）20. bone /bn/ n.骨头，骨（17）【原句背诵】Strength training, such as pullups and weightlifting, increases muscle strength and encourages bone development.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay in shape. 汤姆总是在早上慢
23、跑，也经常做俯卧撑来保持身材。21. gymnastics /dmnstks/ n.体操，体操训练（17）22. *tai chi /t ti/ n.太极拳，太极（17）23. stretch /stret/ vt. & vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；（使延伸）（17）24. range /rend/ n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列（17）25. movement /muvmnt/ n.活动，转动；移动；运动（17）【原句背诵】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your mu
24、scles and improve your bodys range of movement.【拓展】a wide range of一系列within/in the range of 在范围内beyond/out of ones range 超出范围；在视觉（听觉等）范围之外；某人能力达不到的【误区1】stretch还可以作名词，意思是“舒展；伸张；伸展力；连续的一段”。【误区2】range还可以作动词，意思是“（在内）变动，变化；延伸；排列”。range from .to. 在范围内变动range betweenand在到之间The exercises are designed to str
25、etch and tone your leg muscles. 这些活动目的在于伸展和增强你的腿部肌肉。The exercises are designed to stretch and tone your leg muscles. 这些活动目的在于伸展和增强你的腿部肌肉。Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see. 放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。At the end of a workout spend time cooling down with some slow stretches. 锻炼结束时，用一些缓慢的伸展来做整理运动
26、。The restaurant has become popular for its wide range of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 由于菜品多样，适合各种口味和消费群体，这家饭店深受大家欢迎。The child was now out of her range of vision (= not near enough for her to see). 那个孩子已经走出了她的视线。She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instruct
27、or. 她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）69 Activities (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行以及住宿安排，其目的是对自然环境的影响较小。 （2014湖南卷）The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide
28、 range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers. 自由队的课程将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到剧本写作，从抒情诗到闪写小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。（2016全国卷I）If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. 如果没有雷切尔卡森，现在可能不会有环保运动了。 26
29、. stick with持续，坚持（17）【原句背诵】Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, youre more likely to stick with them.【拓展】stick at sthg. 坚持不懈地做（某事）；持之以恒；锲而不舍stick to (to是介词)坚持；遵守；信守stick out伸出；探出；突出stick in your mind 经久不忘；铭记在心get/be stuck in (=get/be caught in)陷入；被卡在They decided to stick with
30、 their original plan. 他们决定继续执行原来的计划。If you want to play an instrument well, youve got to stick at it. 要想练好一种乐器，你必须持之以恒。The incident stuck in my mind because it was the first example I had seen of racism in that country. 那个事件令我难以忘怀，因为那是我看到的那个国家的第一例种族歧视事件。They wrote the notice in big red letters so th
31、at it would stick out. 他们用红色大字写出通知，这样会显眼一些。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. 超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择使用固定电话。 （2021新高考I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. 就像歌
32、里唱的那样，这条漫长而蜿蜒的路“永远不会消失”，它将永远存在游客的记忆里。 27. petrol /petrl/ n.汽油（17）28. *carbohydrate /kbhadret/ n.碳水化合物，糖类（17）29. energy /endi/ n.能，能量；精力；能源（17）【原句背诵】Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy. Foods like noodles, rice, fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohyd
33、rates to keep up your energy during a long workout.【拓展】full of energy精力充沛；充满活力creative/destructive energies 创造毁灭力solar/nuclear energy 太阳能；核能energetic adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的Though in his eighties, shes always full of energy. 尽管已经80多岁了，她总是充满活力。You have drive and energy for those things you are interested
34、in. 你对那些感兴趣的事情有动力、有干劲。She put all her energies into her work. 她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。Keeping a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic. 在学习和休息之间保持适当的平衡，能使我们精力充沛。【链接高考】（2020全国卷I）Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street l
35、amps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 由于照明通常离电源很远比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离在传输过程中会损失很多能量。 发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。 （2020天津卷）A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; co
36、mpare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. 一块电池，即使是锂电池，每公斤只能提供250瓦时；与液体燃料相比，液体燃料的比能是11,890瓦特时每公斤。 30.protein /prtin/ n.蛋白质【原句背诵】To help your muscles recover and repair themselves after exercise, you need to eat foods rich in protein, such as fish, eggs
37、 and milk products.Peas, beans and lentils are a good source of vegetable protein. 豌豆、豆荚和扁豆是植物蛋白质的来源。31.average /vrd/ n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的；典型的【原句背诵】When to eat is also of great importance. In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.【拓展】an average of 平均是on (
38、the/an) average 平均；普通，通常above the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以上below the average 在一般水平(或平均数)I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一个普通的学生。Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people. 对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。Temperatures are above/below average for the time of year. 温度高于低于此时的年平均温度。【链接高考】（
39、2021浙江卷）Todays children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. 现在的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，一半时间看电视，一半时间上网。 （2020江苏卷）Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average spee
40、d that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. 然后，在科学家实验室的两次早晨访问中，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这种速度可以让他的身体依靠脂肪提供能量。 32.throughout /ruat/ prep.自始至终；各处，遍及 33.make up for弥补，补偿34.sweat n.汗水 vt. & vi.出汗，流汗【原句背诵】Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.【拓
41、展】make sure 确信；证实make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理make full/good use of 充分利用make the most of充分利用make a difference 有影响，有关系make out 理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付make for 导致；有助于；走向make it获得成功【误区】throughout后可以接时间名词和地点名词。Doctors battled throughout the night to save the patients life. 医生们奋战了整个晚上来抢救病人的生命。China exports its products
42、to markets throughout the world. 中国把产品出口到世界各地的市场。After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time. 耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。【链接高考】（2020全国卷II）Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.全年举行展览、比赛和家庭活动。（2019天津卷）All participants must address how communication or transportatio
43、n technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. 所有参与者都必须说明，纵观历史，通信或交通技术是如何提升美国人的生活质量的。 35.injury /ndri/ n.伤害，损伤（17）36.prevent /prvent/ vt.阻止，阻碍（17）37.tissue /tu; tsju/ n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织；（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾，手巾纸（17）38.equipment/kwpmnt/ n.设备；配备，装备（17）【原句背诵】To prevent soft tissue in
44、jury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.【拓展】injure vt, 伤害，损害preventfrom (doing sth./being done) 阻止做某事prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍equip vt. 装备；配备equipwith用装备be equipped with 装备有【误区】equipment是不可数名词，通常不用复数形式。a piece/an article of equipment一件设备a set of equipment一套设备She overca
45、me injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain. 经常锻炼有助于防止体重增加。He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs. 他说这将阻止各公司创造新的职位。The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 这个摄影室的装备花费巨大。The course is designed to equip student
46、s for a career in nursing. 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。Owners of restaurants have to equip them to admit disabled people. 餐馆老板们必须给餐馆配备接纳残疾人的设施。【链接高考】（2020全国卷I）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. 研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多健身益处，但很可能造成的伤害更少。
47、 （2020新高考I卷）Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. 遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。 39.lack /lk/ n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt. & vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺（19）【原句背诵】Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. 【拓展】(a) lack of food/money/skills 缺乏食物金钱技能for/from/through lack of因缺少lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的；缺失的be lacking in 缺乏；缺少某种品质The book is completely lacking in originality. 这部书完全没有创意。【误区】lack作动词时，是及物动
