1、牛津译林版高中英语必修二课件Unit 1 Lights, camera, action!ReadingBehind the scenes内容分析内容分析【What】本板块主题是本板块主题是“幕幕后后”，语篇类型是，语篇类型是讲稿讲稿。语篇从电。语篇从电影评论家的视角介绍了一些鲜为人影评论家的视角介绍了一些鲜为人知的电影知识，分别涉及电影的音知的电影知识，分别涉及电影的音效、视觉特效以及道具等。语篇最效、视觉特效以及道具等。语篇最后指出观影者应该多关注银幕背后后指出观影者应该多关注银幕背后更多人的付出。更多人的付出。【Why】语篇通过介绍电影制作过语篇通过介绍电影制作过程中鲜为人知的知识，让学生
2、对于电影程中鲜为人知的知识，让学生对于电影这一艺术形式有更深入的理解，让学生这一艺术形式有更深入的理解，让学生能够更加全面地认识电影业，提升电影能够更加全面地认识电影业，提升电影鉴赏能力。鉴赏能力。【How】作者在作者在开篇通过一系列的开篇通过一系列的问题来激起学生对于电影的兴趣问题来激起学生对于电影的兴趣，进而，进而引导学生关注银幕背后大量的制作工作。引导学生关注银幕背后大量的制作工作。第二段主要介绍了音效的制作。第三段第二段主要介绍了音效的制作。第三段介绍了视觉特效的创造过程，介绍了视觉特效的创造过程，指出视觉特效并不一定要全部依托指出视觉特效并不一定要全部依托电脑。在第四段中，作者呈现了
3、银电脑。在第四段中，作者呈现了银幕背后有关道具制作的大量繁复工幕背后有关道具制作的大量繁复工作。最后作者指出电影作品背后是作。最后作者指出电影作品背后是众多电影人的工作和努力。众多电影人的工作和努力。举例和举例和暗喻暗喻等写作手法的运用，让学生对等写作手法的运用，让学生对于电影银幕背后的故事有了直观的于电影银幕背后的故事有了直观的认识，使得繁复的电影制作过程变认识，使得繁复的电影制作过程变得通俗易懂。得通俗易懂。教学目标教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. know some aspects of film-making
4、; 2. master the writing techniques of giving examples and using metaphor; 3. evaluate(评价评价) different aspects of a film and make comments on their own favourite films. Many different elements go into making a film. The lecture below was given by a film critic at the school Film Festival. Before you
5、read the lecture transcript, think about the following questions: P2 1)What elements of a film can you think of? The screenplay(电影剧本电影剧本), directing, acting, lighting, music, dubbing and recording, special effects, editing剪辑，剪辑，剪接剪接(影片、电视节目等影片、电视节目等), etc. 2)Which element do you think is the most im
6、portant in making a successful film? I think the music is the most important element. It can tell us how the people in the film feel and create a certain kind of atmosphere. The film would be boring without it. Hello, everyone! Let me start by asking you a question: whats the first thing you notice
7、about a film? The acting? The music? Maybe the amazing sets (话剧的话剧的)布景布景;(电影电影的的)摄影棚，拍片现场摄影棚，拍片现场? Whatever your answer is, theres always a lot more to it than first meets the eye.无论你的答案是什么无论你的答案是什么,它它(电影电影)都远比你最初表面看到的都远比你最初表面看到的更为复杂。更为复杂。 there is more to sb/ /sth than meets the eye,意为意为“某人或某物比表面某人
8、或某物比表面看到的更加复杂或有趣看到的更加复杂或有趣”。如。如: There is more to that problem than meets the eye.那个问题比看上去更复杂。那个问题比看上去更复杂。 meet sbs eye(s) A. ( also meet sbs gaze, look, etc., peoples eyes meet) （和某人）对（和某人）对视，目光相遇视，目光相遇 She was afraid to meet my eye.她不敢正眼看我。她不敢正眼看我。 Their eyes met across the crowded room.他们隔着拥挤的房间目
9、光相遇了。他们隔着拥挤的房间目光相遇了。 B. 呈现；显现呈现；显现 A terrible sight met their eyes.一幅可怕的景象一幅可怕的景象映入他们的眼帘映入他们的眼帘。 Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product(产物；结果产物；结果) of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes. Today, Ill give you a brief introduction to some aspects of
10、 film-making you might not be familiar with. take place（尤指根据安排或计划）（尤指根据安排或计划）发生，进行发生，进行 The film festival takes place in October.电影节将于十月举行。电影节将于十月举行。 We may never discover what took place that night.我们可能永远不会我们可能永远不会知道那一夜发生了什么事。知道那一夜发生了什么事。 behind the scenes A. 在后台；在幕后在后台；在幕后 The students were able t
11、o go behind the scenes to see how programmes are made.学生可以跑到后台，去看看节学生可以跑到后台，去看看节目是怎么制作出来的。目是怎么制作出来的。 B. 秘密地；背地里；在幕后秘密地；背地里；在幕后 A lot of negotiating has been going on behind the scenes.广泛的谈判一直在秘密进行。广泛的谈判一直在秘密进行。 behind-the-scenes work幕后工作幕后工作 (1)brief意为意为“简洁的简洁的,扼要的扼要的”。如。如: This article gives a brie
12、f introduction to the history of the computer.本文简要介绍了计算机的历史。本文简要介绍了计算机的历史。 (2)句中句中 familiar意为意为“熟悉的熟悉的,后面后面常接介词常接介词with。如。如: Im not familiar with French literature.我对法国文学不熟悉。我对法国文学不熟悉。 To begin with, Id like to draw your attention to an important factor of a film-sound effects. These are often added
13、 after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect. to begin with A. at first 起初；开始起初；开始 Well go slowly to begin with.我们开始时会慢慢来的。我们开始时会慢慢来的。 I found it tiring to begin with but I soon got used to it.我起初觉得很累，但不久便适应了。我起初觉得很累，但不久便适应了。 B. 首先；第一点首先；第一点What was it you didnt lik
14、e? Well, to begin with, our room was far too small. “你不喜欢的是什么呢？你不喜欢的是什么呢？”“”“唔，唔，首先是，我们的屋子太小了。首先是，我们的屋子太小了。” shoot拍摄；摄影拍摄；摄影 Cameras ready? OK, shoot!摄影机准备好了吗？好，开拍！摄影机准备好了吗？好，开拍！ The movie was shot in black and white.那部电影拍成了黑白片。那部电影拍成了黑白片。 For example, in Jurassic drsk (侏罗纪侏罗纪)Park, the sounds of di
15、fferent animals, including a baby elephant and a tiger, were mixed（混合录音；混录；混音）（混合录音；混录；混音）by a computer to make a dinosaur roar. The sound of the doors opening in the Star Trek trek films(星际迷星际迷航系列电影航系列电影) was made simply by pulling a sheet of paper out of an envelope.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 A. n.v-ing B.
16、n.sv-ing C. pron.v-ing 注意：注意： (1)这种结构中的名词这种结构中的名词(n.)可用普通可用普通格或所有格；代词用人称代词格或所有格；代词用人称代词(pron.)的宾格或形容词性物主代词。但是，的宾格或形容词性物主代词。但是，若该结构做主语置于句首时，只能用若该结构做主语置于句首时，只能用名词所有格或物主代词。名词所有格或物主代词。 (2)这种结构的否定式仍是在这种结构的否定式仍是在v-ing前加前加not。 Toms having seen them did not surprise us. Your going there will help a lot. Do
17、you mind me/my opening the door？ I have often heard of him/his working hard. Marys not passing the exam made her father very angry. trek|trek| 1)n. A. 长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山区）区） B. (informal) 远距离行走远距离行走 Its a long trek into town.到商业区去要走很长的路。到商业区去要走很长的路。 2)v. (-kk-)vi., usually + 副词或介词短副词或介词短
18、语语 A. (informal) （尤指徒步）长途跋涉（尤指徒步）长途跋涉 I hate having to trek up that hill with all the groceries.我很不愿意得带着这我很不愿意得带着这么多吃用杂物爬上那个山头。么多吃用杂物爬上那个山头。 B. (also go trekking) （尤指在山中）（尤指在山中）远足，徒步旅行远足，徒步旅行 During the expedition, they trekked ten to thirteen hours a day.在探险期间，在探险期间，他们每天都要走十到十三个小时。他们每天都要走十到十三个小时。 A
19、nother aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects. CGI has been frequently used in film-making as a special effects technology. Generally, scenes requiring CGI are filmed in front of a green screen in the studio. As green doesnt match any natural hair or skin colour, actors can be
20、 easily separated from the background. attach importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth) 认为有重认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；重视重视 I attach great importance to this research.我认为这项研究十分重要。我认为这项研究十分重要。 Sometimes people attach too much importance to economic development.有时人们把经济发展看得太重要了。有时人们
21、把经济发展看得太重要了。 CGI|si: di: a|: computer-generated imagery mdri 计算机生成影像计算机生成影像Dinosaur combines CGI animation with live-action(实景真实景真人的人的) location shots.恐龙恐龙结合了电脑生成的动画和结合了电脑生成的动画和外景地外景地实地拍摄实地拍摄的画面。的画面。 match相同；相似；相一致相同；相似；相一致 Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合
22、。她的指纹与犯罪现场的指纹相吻合。 The two sets of figures dont match.这两组数字不一致。这两组数字不一致。 separate (sth) (from/and sth) A.（使）分开，分离；分割；划分（使）分开，分离；分割；划分 It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不开信仰和感情是分不开的。的。 Make a list of points and separate them into desirable and essential .列出各点，把它们分成列出各点，把它们分成“可取的可
23、取的”和和“绝对必要的绝对必要的”两类。两类。 separate sb/sth (from/and sb/sth) （使）分离，分散（使）分离，分散 South America separated from Africa 200 million years ago. 2亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。 Those suffering from infectious diseases were separated from the other patients.传染病患者同其他病人隔离开来。传染病患者同其他病人隔离开来。 separate sb (from/and sb) 隔开；
24、阻隔开；阻隔隔 A high wall separated our back yard from the playing field.我们的后院我们的后院和运动场之间隔着一堵高墙。和运动场之间隔着一堵高墙。 separate sb/sth (from sb/sth) 区分；区分；区别区别,=divide The judges found it impossible to separate the two contestants .裁判无法把两位参赛者分出高下。裁判无法把两位参赛者分出高下。 This enables CGI effects to be added later.(这使得在后期添加
25、这使得在后期添加CGI效果成为效果成为可能可能) The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way with the actors jumping up and down in front of a green screen. enable sb./sth. to do sth. A. 使能够；使有机会使能够；使有机会,=allow The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.这种软件使你在几这种软件使你在几秒钟内便可访问互联网。秒钟
26、内便可访问互联网。 B. 使成为可能；使可行；使实现使成为可能；使可行；使实现,= allow Insulin nsjln enables the body to use and store sugar.胰岛素使人体能够利用和贮存糖分。胰岛素使人体能够利用和贮存糖分。 up and down A. 起伏；上下波动起伏；上下波动 The boat bobbed up and down on the water. 小船在水面颠簸。小船在水面颠簸。 B. 来回；往复来回；往复 She was pacing up and down in front of her desk.她在办公桌前踱来踱去。她在办
27、公桌前踱来踱去。 C. 时好时坏时好时坏 My relationship with him was up and down.我跟他的关系忽冷忽热。我跟他的关系忽冷忽热。 “With + 复合结构复合结构”又称为又称为“with结结构构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。具体结构如下：具体结构如下： 1) with宾语名词宾语名词 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。 2) with +名词名词 + 介
28、词短语介词短语 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes 她含着眼泪说了声再见。她含着眼泪说了声再见。 3) with + 名词名词 + 形容词形容词（强调名（强调名词的特性或状态）词的特性或状态） He often sleeps with the windows open他常开着窗睡觉。他常开着窗睡觉。 Dont speak with your mouth full不要满嘴巴食物说话。不要满嘴巴食物说话。 4) with +名词名词 + 副词副词 He stood before his teacher with his head down他低着头站在老
29、师面前。他低着头站在老师面前。 5) with + 名词名词 + -ed 分词分词 （强调名（强调名词是词是 -ed分词动作的承受者或动作已分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生）经发生） He sat there with his eyes closed他闭目坐在那儿。他闭目坐在那儿。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 6) with + 名词名词 + -ing分词分词（强调名词（强调名词是是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态正在进行）状态正
30、在进行） He fell asleep with the lamp burning他没熄灯就睡着了。他没熄灯就睡着了。 I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。 7) with + 名词名词 + to do （不定式动作（不定式动作尚未发生）尚未发生） I cant go out with all these clothes to wash要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。 With so many people to help us, we a
31、re sure to finish it in time有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。完成。 However, the aid of computers isnt always preferred. Peter Jackson, director of The Lord of the Rings films, took a creative approach-he used clever(巧妙的，绝妙的巧妙的，绝妙的) camera angles to make characters seem bigger or smaller than they real
32、ly were. approach (to sth) （待人接物或思（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度考问题的）方式，方法，态度 The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。律问题。 She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them.她用错误的手段和他们打交道。她用错误的手段和他们打交道。 Props also contribute to a films success. T
33、o make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research, find and build objects. Director James Cameron kmrn spent six months looking at and revising plans of the Titanic in order to build a full-sized (与原物一样大小的与原物一样大小的) model for his 1997 film. contribute (to sth) :to be one of the
34、 causes of sth 是是的原因之一的原因之一 Medical negligence neldns was said to have contributed to her death.据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。原因之一。 contribute (sth) to sth 增加；增进；增加；增进；添加（到某物）添加（到某物） This book contributes little to our understanding of the subject.此书对我们了解这门学科助益甚少。此书对我们了解这门学科助益甚少。 effort (to d
35、o sth) 艰难的尝试；试图；艰难的尝试；试图；尽力尽力;勉为其难勉为其难 The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了公司为节省资金遣散了150名工作名工作人员。人员。 I didnt really feel like going out, but I am glad I made the effort .我当时并不很想出去，不过我很庆我当时并不很想出去，不过我很庆幸还是出去了。幸还是出去了。 The local clubs are making every effort to inte
36、rest more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。更多的年轻人。 to make an effort作出努力作出努力 I dont get lonely now because I make the effort to see people. 我现在不觉得孤独了，因为我尝试我现在不觉得孤独了，因为我尝试着与人交往。着与人交往。 plan (for/of sth) (术语术语) （机器、建（机器、建筑等的）设计图，平面图；图解筑等的）设计图，平面图；图解 The architect is drawing up plans fo
37、r the new offices.建筑师正在绘制新办公楼的设计图。建筑师正在绘制新办公楼的设计图。 a seating plan座位安排示意图座位安排示意图 a floor plan楼层平面图楼层平面图 spend sth (on sth) | sth (in) doing sth 花（时间）；度过花（时间）；度过 How long did you spend on your homework?你做家庭作业用了多长时间？你做家庭作业用了多长时间？ Most of her life was spent in caring for others.她大半辈子的时间都用来照顾别人了。她大半辈子的时间
38、都用来照顾别人了。 I spend too much time watching television.我看电视花的时间太多。我看电视花的时间太多。 spend sth on (doing) sth 用，花用，花（钱）（钱） She spent 100 on a new dress.她花她花100英镑买了一条新连衣裙。英镑买了一条新连衣裙。 动词动词 + 名词短语名词短语 + -ing短语短语 The company has spent thousands of pounds updating their computer systems.公司花了几千英镑更新计算机系统。公司花了几千英镑更新计
39、算机系统。 He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the ship for himself. It took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, not to mention the thousands of props inside. not to mention更不用说；且不说更不用说；且不
40、说 He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France.他在这个国家有两座大房子，他在这个国家有两座大房子，更别提他在法国的别墅了。更别提他在法国的别墅了。 My lecture today may not be able to do justice to all the work people have done behind the scenes. Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg
41、, what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.正如真正的正如真正的“泰坦尼克号泰坦尼克号”上那些可怜的上那些可怜的乘客们所看到的冰山一角一样，我们在影乘客们所看到的冰山一角一样，我们在影院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而已。冰山的一角而已。 do justice to sb/sth; do sb/sth justice A. 公平对待某人（或某事）；给以公公平对待某人（或某事）；给以公正的评价正的评价 That phot
42、o doesnt do you justice.那张照片不如你本人好看。那张照片不如你本人好看。 B. 恰当处理某人（或某事）恰当处理某人（或某事） You cannot do justice to such a complex situation in just a few pages.你不可能仅仅几页就将这么复杂的形你不可能仅仅几页就将这么复杂的形势势恰如其分地描述出来恰如其分地描述出来。 the tip of the iceberg的本意是的本意是“冰山冰山一角一角”，喻指所暴露出来的只是事物，喻指所暴露出来的只是事物的一小部分。这里采用了的一小部分。这里采用了隐喻隐喻的写作的写作手法，
43、把整个电影制作比作冰山，把手法，把整个电影制作比作冰山，把人们平时在银幕上看到的比作冰山一人们平时在银幕上看到的比作冰山一角，即很小的一部分，以此来强调电角，即很小的一部分，以此来强调电影制作中其实还隐藏着许多不为人知影制作中其实还隐藏着许多不为人知的辛勤劳动。如：的辛勤劳动。如： I am afraid that these few reported cases of the disease are only the tip of the iceberg.恐怕报道的这几个病例只是冰山一角恐怕报道的这几个病例只是冰山一角 Hopefully(但愿，作为希望但愿，作为希望), next time
44、 you go to the cinema, youll spare a thought for/think about all those talented people behind the scenes. They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment! next time用于引导时间状语从句，意用于引导时间状语从句，意为为“下次下次”类似的还有类似的还有 every/ each time(每当每当)， the last time(上次上次)等。等。如：如： Ne
45、xt time you come to Nanjing, do remember to drop in on me.下次你来南京下次你来南京,一定记得顺道过来看看一定记得顺道过来看看我。我。 The last time I saw you, you were a college freshman.上次我见到你时上次我见到你时,你还是个大一新生你还是个大一新生 spare sth/sb (for sb/sth) | (sb) sth 抽出；拨出；留出；匀出抽出；拨出；留出；匀出 You should spare a thought for (= think about) the person w
46、ho cleans up after you.你应该为随后打扫的人着想啊。你应该为随后打扫的人着想啊。 Surely you can spare me a few minutes?你应该能为我空出几分钟时间吧？你应该能为我空出几分钟时间吧？ We can spare a room for you.我们可以给你腾出一个房间。我们可以给你腾出一个房间。 Id love to have a break, but I cant spare the time just now.我是想休息我是想休息一下，可眼下找不出时间。一下，可眼下找不出时间。 Could you spare one of your s
47、taff to help us out?你能不能从你手下抽一你能不能从你手下抽一个人过来帮帮我们？个人过来帮帮我们？ A. Understanding the text A1. Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. P4Sound effectsVisual special effectsPropsThink of and appreciate the work done behind the scenes A2. Read the lectu
48、re transcript again and complete the table below. P4Main pointsExamplesMany sound effects might not be made in the way you would expect.(1)The sounds of a baby elephant, a tiger and other animals were mixed by a computer to make a dinosaur roar in Jurassic Park. The sound of the doors opening was ma
49、de by pulling a sheet of paper out of an envelope in the Star Trek films.Main pointsExamples The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made with the actors jumping in front of a green screen. (2) Scenes requiring CGI are filmed in front of a green screen.Main pointsExamplesThe aid of compu
50、ters isnt always preferred. (3)The director of The Lord of the Rings films used clever camera angles to make characters seem bigger or smaller than they really were. Main pointsExamplesProps contribute to a films success. (4)Director James Cameron spent six months looking at and revising plans of th
