Unit 2 The Universal Language grammar ppt课件-（2020）新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册.rar

动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语Unit 2 GrammarSUMMARY REPORT 1.什么是主语(subject)? 什么是宾语(object)?2.什么词可作主语? 什么词可作宾语?He likes his dog. His dog likes him.He likes his dog. His dog likes him.主语主语宾语宾语代词代词名词名词主语主语宾语宾语名词名词代词代词结论结论: :主语和宾语一般为名词或者代词。主语和宾语一般为名词或者代词。Whicharecorrect?Whicharecorrect?我喜欢阅读。我喜欢阅读。IlikeIlikeread.read.IlikeIlikereading.reading.阅读是我的兴趣。阅读是我的兴趣。Readismyinterest.Readismyinterest.Readingismyinterest.Readingismyinterest.3.3.动词能否做主语动词能否做主语? ? 动词能否做宾动词能否做宾语语? ?总结：总结： 动词不能做主语或宾动词不能做主语或宾语语。 V-ingV-ing形式形式能做主语或能做主语或者宾语。者宾语。1作主语。动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._ is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me3)说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Playing tricks on othersLearning new wordsTalkingV-ing vs. infinitive as Subject V-ing vs. infinitive as Subject 1._Englishisnotsoeasy.1._Englishisnotsoeasy._Englishwellthisyearisnotsopossible._Englishwellthisyearisnotsopossible.(A.Tolearn/B.Learning)(A.Tolearn/B.Learning)2._chessisfun.(A.Toplay/B.playing)2._chessisfun.(A.Toplay/B.playing)A/ BA/ BA AB B1 1）作主语时，不定式与动名词一般可以通用。）作主语时，不定式与动名词一般可以通用。2 2）表示一种普遍性的事情、）表示一种普遍性的事情、经验和体会经验和体会或经常性、习惯性的动作，一般用动名词作或经常性、习惯性的动作，一般用动名词作主语。主语。3 3）表示具体动作（指句中有具体的时间、频率、地点、方式状语）或将来的动作用）表示具体动作（指句中有具体的时间、频率、地点、方式状语）或将来的动作用不定式作主语不定式作主语。用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。 Its + no good (no use, useful, useless, fun, worth, waste of time,)+doing sth. 如：1) It is no use (求救) .2) 和他争论这件事是浪费时间。 with him about it.Its a waste of time arguing asking for help在“There be no +主语”结构中作主语。1)这种事开不得玩笑。 There is_ about such matters.no jokingSUMMARY REPORT SummarySummary1. 1. 动词动词-ing-ing形式可以直接放在句首充当主语。形式可以直接放在句首充当主语。2. 2. 借助形式主语借助形式主语it it，而把真正的主语动词，而把真正的主语动词-ing-ing形形式移至后面。式移至后面。3. 3. 在在there is no there is no 结构中，通常用结构中，通常用V-ingV-ing形式。形式。What have you found?1) He enjoys watching TV.2) He can not help eating. 3) She is looking forward to becoming a super star.动词-ing形式做宾语一种是跟在动词后作宾语（动宾），另一种是跟在介词后做宾语（介宾）。动词 + 宾语动词 + 宾语介词 + 宾语A在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：1)我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter2)我会记着去寄信的。Ill remember to post the letter将要发生的动作已经发生的动作forget regret remember to do doing 可接动名词作宾语的常见动词：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词四要求ask,demand,request,require五提意agree,promise,plan,offer,refuse六期望 expect,hope,want,intend,manage,pretend三决定choose,decide,determineB. want，need 和require 这三个词后面接动名词的主动形式，具有被动含义。 他的衣服需要缝补。His clothes needed mending (to be mended). 这些幼苗需要细心照料。These young trees will require looking after.C在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同。动名词表示泛指的动作，一种倾向。不定式表示具体的或特定的一次性动作。 我喜欢晚上写东西。I prefer writing ( to write) at night.D. 在 allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider 后直接跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+ 在他17岁的时候,父母允许他去从军。His parents permitted him to join the army when he was seventeen. 我们不允许有人在大厅里吸烟。We do not allow smoking in the hall.Sb to do sthDoing sth 构成方式为：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词动词ing 形式。 多在句中作主语或宾语等，其中名词所有格/形容词性物主代词是动词ing 形式的逻辑主语。 当该复合结构作宾语时，名词所有格可用名词代替，形容词性物主代词可用代词宾格代替，但作主语时不可以。 我看电影迟到你介意吗？Do you mind my/me coming late for the film? 玛丽上课迟到让她的老师非常生气。Marys being late for class made her teacher very angry. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 动词ing形式的复合结构动词ing 形式的时态和语态V-ing形式主动被动发生于谓语动作一般式同时或之后完成式之前1._ (listen) to the good news, she laughed.2. I dont like _(laugh) at in public. And Im sure no one would do so.3. _ (live) in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.Listeningbeing laughedHaving liveddoingbeing donehaving donehaving been doneExploring the rulesInChinasSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,therelivedamannamedBoya,whowasamasteroftheqin.Playingtheqin washislife.Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.However,BoyabelievednoonecouldunderstandhismusicuntilhemetZhongZigi.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingthe qin,yetZhongZiqiwasabletopaintapictureofgreatmountainrangesinhismind.WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,ZhongZiqisaidhehad heard the sound of a river flowing quickly. In fact, Boya had intended to call the pieceHigh Mountains and Flowing Water.HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.Thetwosoonbecamegreatfriendsandbeforegoingtheirseparateways,theyagreedtomeetattheMid-AutumnFestivalthenextyear.However,ZhongZiqifailedtoshowuponthatday.WhenBoyalearntaboutZhongZiqisdeath,hewasovercomewithsorrow.Heplayed High Mountains and Flowing Water infrontofZhongZiqisgrave.Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,hedestroyedtheqinandsaid,“Sincetheonlypersonthatunderstandsmymusicisgone,itsnousekeepingtheqin.”Exploring the rulesVerb-ing forms as subjects Verb-ing forms as objects HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya,.,itsnousekeepingtheqin.Playing theqin was his life. everyone enjoyed listening.Boyadidnotsayanythingbeforeplayingtheqin,.WhenBoyacontinuedplaying,.,whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.before goingtheirseparateways,.Afterhefinishedplayingthepiece,.Applying the rulesB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.1.Listentomusicismyfavouritethingtodo._2.Ireallyenjoytoreadbiographiesofmusicians._3.Itsnousetrytoplaytheviolinifyourenotgoingtogiveityourbestshot._4.Wouldyoumindtoteachmehowtoplaytheguitar?_5.TheseinstrumentsweremeantforplaytraditionalChinesemusic._ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingApplying the rulesB2 Below is an article about the music sent into space. Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.IfyouhavetochoosemusicfromtheEarthtosendintospace,whatmusicdoyouthink is capable of (1) _ (represent) mankind? The sound of theChineseqinisoneanswertothisquestion.In1977,twospacecraftcalledVoyager 1andVoyager 2weresentout(2)_(explore)thesolarsystem.Onbothspacecraft,thereisaselectionofmusicfromourplanet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, whobelievedintelligentlifeexistedonotherplanets.Themusicwasintendedasauniversallanguagetogreetintelligentlifeinspace(ifthereisany).Agroupofscientistsandartistsgotdownto(4)_(choose)suitablemusic.Ofcourse,theyhadrepresentingtoexploreSendingchoosingApplying the rulestrouble(5)_(select)whichpiecesofmusictoinclude.Intheend,27differentpiecesofmusic(6)_(last)90minuteswereputonthespacecraft.ChinaisrepresentedbyarecordingofGuanPinghu(7)_(play)anancientpiececalledFlowing Water ontheChineseinstrumentqin.ItissaidthatBoyawroteit.Ittookabout40yearsfortheVoyagerspacecraft(8)_(enter)thespacebetweenthestars.Wedonotknowwhatwillhappenintheend,butmaybethesoundoftheqin willonedaybeheardonadistantplanet.B2 Below is an article about the music sent into space. Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.selectinglastingplayingtoenter1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying6. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go