1、Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained2021-2022学年高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册随堂检测一、填空1.I dont like to define my work as a daily routine, which can be very d_.2.I watched them leave and then drove off in the o_ direction.3.The books in the school library are c_ according to subject.4.Restaurants
2、 can offer a choice of music along with the v_ food choices on the menu.5.Opinions on this matter vary _ person to person.6.I need to have a chance to get my head together and think _(彻底) everything.7.Take two coloured pens and _(在之下画线) the positive and negative words.8.Sorry, Madam, I have _(低估) yo
3、u as I didnt know your background.9.Anger is _ (很少) looked upon as a beneficial character trait， and is usually advised to reduce it.10.Of course， our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasonsincluding other environmental influences or genetic _(因素).二、七选五 Not long ago, no one understoo
4、d that infectious diseases were caused by tiny organisms that moved from person to person. Even now, although we know that tiny living microbes cause disease, how they do so is not always obvious._ They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites. The best way to prevent
5、infections is to block pathogens(病原体) from entering the body. The first line of defense is to keep germs at bay by following good personal health habits. Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty t
6、asks._ Wet your hands thoroughly. Lather(起泡沫) up with soap or cleanser, and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists. Be sure to clean your fingertips, under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water. _ Whether you are young or young at heart, getting vaccina
7、ted(接种疫苗) is an essential part of staying healthy._ such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective. Vaccinations are essential if you are to avoid getting sick. In general, children should receive the recommended childhood vaccinations. Adults should make sure the
8、ir vaccinations are up to date. When travelling abroad, check with your health care provider about additional immunisations (免疫)._ Stay clear of wild animals. Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting. Keep your pets away from wild animals, too. D
9、ogs, cats or any other type of warm-blooded animals can pick up the virus and pass the virus along to people.A.Dry your hands and wrists thoroughly.B.Use animal control to prevent infections.C.While vaccines may cause some common side effects,D.Although vaccines cannot prevent some rare diseases,E.O
10、ther wild animals cannot transmit the virus and other infections.F.We do know that most microbes enter through openings in the body.G.You should also wash up after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.三、阅读理解 Weve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health conseque
11、nces, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain, which runs counter to received ideas about deep thought, from our teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodins famous Thinker, seated with chin on hand. A study published last
12、week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary(久坐的) behaviour is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe (中颞叶), a brain area that is critical to learning and memory. The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, aged 45 to 70
13、, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your b
14、rain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory. What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect y
15、ou from the harmful effects of sitting. It then surprisingly turned out that you dont even have to move much to enhance cognition(认知) ;just standing will do the trick. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with
16、conflicting stimuli(刺激), like the word green in blue ink, and asked to name the colour. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-millisecond margin. The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves bra
17、in health could lower the bar for everyone.1. Which of the following can best replace the phrase runs counter to in paragraph 1?A. Goes against. B. Bears out. C. Pushes forward. D. Corresponds with. 2. Which of the following best explains do the trick underlined in paragraph 5?A. Set a trap. B. Do a
18、 deal. C. Get to the point. D. Get the desired result. 3. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word margin in paragraph 5?A. Blank. B. Edge. C. Decrease. D. Difference. 答案以及解析一、填空1.答案：depressing2.答案：opposite3.答案：classified4.答案：various5.答案：from6.答案：through7.答案：underline8.答
19、案：underestimated9.答案：rarely10.答案：factors二、七选五答案：FGACB解析：考查上下文语境。结合后文The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens(病原体) from entering the body.可知,防止感染的最好方法是阻止病原体进入人体。因为大多数微生物通过身体进入体内,导致人感染。故选F项。 考查上下文语境。前文的Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before
20、preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks.介绍了人们在什么情况下会及时洗手。G项You should also wash up after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.提到了另外几种需要洗手的情况,与前文需要洗手的情境为并列关系。故选G项。 考查上下文语境。前文提到洗手的方法和步骤,洗手后需要擦手。A项Dry your hands and wrists thoroughly.表示彻底擦干手和手腕,符合语境。 考查主下文语境。结合后文.such as
21、a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective.可知,接种疫苗后会有手臂酸痛或低烧等症状。C项While vaccines may cause some common side effects,表示疫苗可能会引起一些常见的副作用,符合语境。考查段落主题句。结合后文Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting.可知,许多野生动物,包括蝙蝠、狐狸和郊狼,可
22、以通过咬人将病毒传播给人类。故可推知动物会传播疾病,防止感染需要管控动物。B项Use animal control to prevent infections.表示使用管控动物的方法来防止感染,符合语境。三、阅读理解答案：1-3 ADD 解析：1.词义猜测题。本题问及下列哪一项是替代第一段划线短语“runs counter to”的最佳选项。划线短语前面But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain提至一项新的研究发现坐着对大脑有害,而后半句received ideas about deep thoug
23、ht, from our teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodins famous Thinker, seated with chin on hand则介绍了公认的关于深思的观念是坐着并集中注意力。由此可知, “坐着对大脑有害”与公认的观念相反,由此可推测划线短语runs counter to意为“与相反,与背道而驰”。go against“与相背”;bear out “证实”;push forward “推进”;correspond with “与一致”。故选A。2.词义猜测题。本题问及下列哪一项能最好地解释第五段中的划线短语
24、do the trick。根据划线处下文的For example可知,其后内容是对划线部分所在句的具体举例说明。 划线部分所在句句意为:结果令人惊奇的是,你甚至不需要为增强认知做太多动作,只要站着就可以_。而下文所举的例子则证实站着思考的受试者比坐着的受试者反应更快、思维更敏捷。也就是说,“站着”这一行为成功达到了“增强认知”的目的。由此可推断出, do the trick 有“起作用,达到目的”之意。 此外,划线词前面的dont even have to和just也从语气上进行了暗示。set a trap“设陷讲”;do a deal“达成交易”;get to the point “谈到正题
25、”;get the desired result“达到期望的目的”。D项与do the trick意思相近。故选D。3.词义猜测题。本题问及下列哪一项与第五段中的划线词margin意思最接近。根据划线词所在句Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-millisecond margin.可知,站着思考的受试者击败了坐着的受试者。根据语境可知, by a 3-millisecond margin是指获胜者快了 3毫秒,即以3毫秒的差额取胜,所以margin在此处为“差额”之意。blank“空白处,空格”;edge “边缘”;decrease “减少”;difference “差别;差额”。 D项与margin意思最接近。故选D。
