1、By the end of the last summer holiday, what study plan had you finished?Past perfect tense过去完成时的基本用法1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。 Before we got to the train station, the train had already left.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。 Before I could say “thank you”, he had run away. 我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直
2、延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then, by the end of, by the time。 By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。 We had learnt English for 8 years by the last year.到去年为止，我们已经学了8年英语了。3. 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完
3、成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。 I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。 I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away. 我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。(1) It/That was+ the first/ second+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。It was the first tim
4、e that I had visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。(2) It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。It was three years since he had joined the army.他参军三年了。过去完成时用于一些固定句型(3) 在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和 No soonerthan中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一就”。 Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。
5、 No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他刚到就再次被要求离开。citizen found politics accuse taxn.公民；市民，居民公民；市民，居民vt.创建，创办；建立，兴建创建，创办；建立，兴建n.政治，政治事务；政治，政治事务；(个人的个人的)政治政治 观点，政见观点，政见 vt.谴责，控诉谴责，控诉 n.税，税款税，税款 vt.对对征税，使纳税征税，使纳税 mountmount up elevation profession drama scholarship category nevert
6、heless vi.逐步增加逐步增加 vt.攀登，爬上攀登，爬上 n.山山(尺寸和数量上尺寸和数量上)增加，上升增加，上升n.提高；提升；海拔提高；提升；海拔n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明 n.戏剧；戏剧性事件戏剧；戏剧性事件n.奖学金；学术奖学金；学术n.类别，种类类别，种类 adv.尽管如此尽管如此What do you know about Joseph Pulitzer? Birthday: April 10, 1847Died At Age: 64Joseph Pulitzer was one of the most prominent(杰出的) US
7、journalists and publisher of his times, who initiated(开创) the pattern of modern newspaper.A Exploring the rulesBelow is the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer. Find the sentences that use the past perfect tense and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.P6Joseph Pulitzer was bor
8、n on April 10, 1847, in Hungary. He moved to America and became an American citizen in the 1860s. He had a number of different jobs after he moved to America. He regularly visited the library and studied English and lawby then he had learned very little English. While in the library one day, he bega
9、n chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. They offered him a job.Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.P6In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early in the morning until
10、 midnight. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. Sales of the newspaper shot up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the S
11、t Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country.P6Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level. In 1892, he offered Columbia University money to start a school of journalism. Of this decision he s
12、aid, “I am deeply interested in the progress and elevation of journalism . regarding it as a noble profession and one of unequaled importance for its influence upon the minds and morals of the people.” Pulitzer died in 1911. One year after his death, the Columbia School of Journalism was established
13、. Six years after his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded.P6. he had become a publisher. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch . We often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened (1) _ (before / after) a past time. The verb
14、 form of the past perfect tense is “(2) _ (have / had) done”.Working out the rulesP6before hadCircle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.1 Pulitzer knew that he had learned very little English, so he had started to work hard at the language. _2 Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite oft
15、en, when he arrived home at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours. _P7B1去掉第二个去掉第二个hadwas working had worked3 For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher. _4 Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure in 1931. _ P7had become becamehave hadB
16、elow is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes. Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.P7B2win build intend award allow The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts. The prizes were established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Puli
17、tzer, who (1) _ his reputation as a newspaper publisher. He left money in his 1904 will to fund the establishment of the prizes, stating that he wanted four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, had builtone for education, and five traveling scholarships. Since the first prizes (2) _ in 1
18、917, there have been many winners and some people have won more than once. Past winners include such famous names as Eugene ONeill. When ONeill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he (3) _ it.There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some
19、of these resulted from advances in technology. For example, online contentP7had won was awardedfrom newspaper websites (4) _ in all of the journalism categories since 2006. The Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded to include such categories as photography and music. Nevertheless, journalism is still w
20、hat the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for. Today, winning the Pulitzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalismjust as Pulitzer (5) _.P7had intendedhas been allowedZou Taofen was a famous Chinese journalist and publisher. Read the timeline below and describe
21、 his life story using the past perfect tense. Use the example below to help you.P7B3ExpressionBy the time he was 31, Zou Taofen had become the chief editor of Life Weekly. ( 2020浙江浙江) By about 6000 BC, people 61. _ _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 【解析解析】考查时态。句意考查时态。句意:大约在公元前
22、大约在公元前6000年，年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by+过去时间过去时间 译为译为“到到.为止为止”，后面的句子用过去完成，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填时。故填had discovered.haddiscovered( 2019天津天津) I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate hi
23、m on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【解析解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中到。第二个分句中“couldnt”用的是一般过去用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。AReview what is learned today.Finish Part C on Page 58 in the workbook.
