1、Language points1 Idioms make language more colourful and expressive. 习语使语言更加丰富多彩，富有表现力。make + 宾语 + 宾补在使役动词make 的复合结构中，常用形容词、名词、省略to的不定式及过去分词短语作宾补。（1）make + 宾语 + adj. 使变得 Music makes your life colorful. 音乐让你的生活丰富多彩。（2）make + 宾语 + n. 使成为 We made him our monitor. 我们让他当班长。（3） make + 宾语 + do sth. 使/ 让做某事
2、（变为被动语态时要添加省略的不定式符号to） You can make that dream come true. 你可以让梦想成真。被动：That dream can be made to come true. （4） make + 宾语 + done 使被（此结构中，宾语和宾补之间是被动关系） The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 演讲者提高了声音，以便别人能听到他的声音。说明说明make 复合结构中常用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到宾补之后，此种情况下，宾补经常用名词或形容词， 宾语经常用动词不定式
3、短语或宾语从句。I make it a rule to write an essay every week. 我规定每周写一篇文章。Todays numbers make it clear that our work is just beginning. 今天公布的数据表明，我们的工作才刚刚开始。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them （interest）in his classes. （2） Paul doesnt have to be made （learn）.
4、 He always works hard. （3） New technologies have made it possible （turn）out new products faster and at a lower cost. （4） Lets make a rule that we mustnt speak Chinese in English class. （5） He doesnt speak much Japanese but he can make himself （understand）. interestedto learn to turnitunderstood2 Sin
5、ce sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life，there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language. 由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，因此有许多体育习语已经融入日常语言中。find ones way into 偶然来到，无意中处于He eventually found his way into acting. 他最后竟干起了演艺这一行。You never know how your little act of kindness
6、 might find its way into someone elses heart. 您永远都不知道您的小小的善举会如何无意中进入别人的内心。语块积累语块积累thats/its always the way（尤用于贬义）总是这样，老是be born/be made that way 天性如此，生下就这样cut both/two ways 两面都行得通；有利也有弊have/get ones own way 一意孤行，为所欲为3 As you know，in a football match，players try to kick or head the ball into the oppo
7、sing teams goal. 如你所知，在足球比赛中，球员试图把球踢进或用头把球顶进对方的球门 opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的（oppose vt. 反对； 抵制 opposed adj. 反对的，截然不同的） （1） It is time for opposing groups to unite and work towards a common goal. 现在是对立团体团结起来， 朝着共同目标努力的时候了。I have a friend who has the opposing view and feels that the war is immoral. 我有一个朋友持
8、完全相反的观点，他认为战争是不道德的。（2）He threw all those who opposed him into prison. 他把所有反对他的人都投进了监狱。I would oppose changing the law. 我将反对改变这个法规。（3）Her parents are opposed to the marriage. 她父母反对这桩婚事。Our views are strongly opposed on this issue. 在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。Id prefer to go in May，as opposed to September. 我更愿意5
9、 月份去，而不是9 月份。语块积累语块积累a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员oppose doing sth. 反对做某事be opposed to（doing）sth. 反对（做）某事as opposed to 而非（= rather than） 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1） （oppose）sides on the committee are refusing to compromise. So its hard to reach an agreement. （2） At the meeting yesterday，all the members
10、 present （oppose）the plan bitterly. （3） Most of the local residents opposed （close） the school. （4） Many locals are strongly opposed the development of this industry，because it has caused heavy pollution. （5） We employ you to work， opposed to just sitting.Opposingopposedclosingtoas4 An insurance sal
11、esman who is about to reach his annual sales target，only for the company to make the target higher，could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts. 一名保险销售员即将达到年度销售目标，但是公司把目标定得更高，他就可以抱怨公司改变了规则。insurance n. 保险；保险业，保险费（ insure vt. 投保；给保险） （1）Can you claim for the loss on your insurance? 你
12、能向你投保的公司要求赔偿这一损失吗？ He did many jobs. To everyones surprise，he found his way into insurance. 他做过很多工作。令大家吃惊的是，他竟然进入了保险业。He has developed a serious illness. Fortunately，he had medical insurance. 他得了重病。幸运的是，他有医疗保险。（2） Luckily he had insured himself against long-term illness. 幸运的是，他为自己投保了长期疾病险。The painti
13、ng is insured for 1 million dollars. 这幅油画投了100 万美元的保险。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）She was so thankful that she had taken out （insure），when she was involved in an accident on holiday. （2） My parents insist that our house （insure） against fire and theft.（3） Having a lot of children is a way of insuring themselves
14、loneliness in old age.insurance（should）be insuredagainstcomplain vt. & vi. 抱怨，投诉（ complaint n. 抱怨，不满，投诉） （1）She never complains，but shes obviously exhausted. 她从不抱怨，但显然已疲惫不堪。Im going to complain to the manager about this. 我要就这件事向经理投诉。She left early，complaining of a headache. 她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。He complain
15、ed bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. 他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。（2）The most common complaint is about poor service. 最常见的投诉与服务差有关。The old woman is making a complaint that she has been unfairly treated. 这位老太太正抱怨说她受到了不公正待遇。Ive made a complaint （=formally complained） to the police about the noise. 我向警方投
16、诉了噪声问题。语块积累语块积累complain to sb. about sth. 因某事向某人投诉complain of 诉说（病情或痛苦） complain + that 从句 诉说/ 抱怨 a letter of complaint 投诉信make a complaint against sb. about sth. 因某事投诉某人单句语法填空单句语法填空（4） Miners have （complain）bitterly that the government did not fulfil their promises. （5） The couple complained to me
17、the high cost of visiting Europe. （6）If the service was so bad，why didnt you complain the manager? （7） Shes been complaining a bad back recently，so her son insists on taking her to hospital for an examination. （8） We received a number of （complain）from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
18、 complained abouttoofcomplaints5 .but when a player scores an own goal，he or she might wish they did.但当一个球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她可能希望它们会移动。score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事I cant believe we lost a championship because Tom had scored an own goal. 我不敢相信我们因为汤姆进了个乌龙球而失去了冠军。He betrayed the companys trade secrets. I
19、n fact，he scored an own goal. 他出卖了公司的商业机密。事实上，他无意中做了对自己不利的事情。单句语法填空单句语法填空He had intended to do something good for his company. What he didnt know was that he actually scored own goal. an6 If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an
20、own goal. 如果有人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了他们自己的利益，他们就被称为“进了乌龙球”。unintentionally adv. 无意地， 非故意地（unintentional adj. 无意的；非故意的；偶然的 intentional adj. 故意的；有意的；存心的 intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地，存心地 intention n. 打算，计划；意图，目的） （1）They had unintentionally provided wrong information. 他们无意中提供了错误的信息。（2） Perhaps I misled you，but
21、it was quite unintentional（= I did not mean to）. 也许我误导了你，但那绝不是有意的。Im sorry I left you off the listit wasnt intentional. 很抱歉没把你列在名单里我不是有意的。She would never intentionally hurt anyone. 她从来不会故意伤害任何人。（3）I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我无意去参加婚礼。He has announced his intention to retire. 他已经宣布他打
22、算退休。He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa. 他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。语块积累语块积累with the intention of 抱有的目的；打算单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Many couples often，although （unintentional）， end up hurting each others feelings deeply. （2） Everyone will get annoyed when they are hurt （intentional）. （3） I have ever
23、y （intend）of paying her back what I owe her. （4） This program was set up the intention of providing help for homeless people. unintentionallyintentionallyintentionwith 7 You might have heard expressions like in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate”. 你可能听过“in the ballpark”或“a ballpark estimate”这样的表达
24、。ballpark n. 棒球场；变动范围 It is one of the oldest and most beautiful ballparks. 它是最古老、最美丽的棒球场之一。The offers for the contract were all in the same ballpark. 就此合同的所有开价均在同一范围内。I cant give you anything more than just sort of a ballpark figure. 我只能给你一个大概的数字。Give me a ballpark figure（ = a number that is approx
25、imately right）. 给我个大致恰当的数字。语块积累语块积累in the ballpark 差不多 a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计If you said five million youd be in the ballpark. 如果你说的是五百万，那就差不多了。8 Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball”. 另一个常见的棒球表达是“throw someone a curveball”。throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题 One of the
26、journalists threw the senator a curveball（= surprised the senator by asking a difficult question）. 其中一名记者向那位参议员抛出了一个难题。Do you just want some laughs every now and then，or people who will be there for you when life throws you a curveball? 你只是想要时不时的一些笑声，还是当生活给你出难题时，有人会在那里陪着你？ Mother Nature threw us a c
27、urveball last winter with record-breaking amounts of snow. 去年冬天，大自然借助前所未有的大雪而给我们出了一个难题。9 .these are of course difficult for the other team to handle.当然这对于其他球队来说是难以处理的。handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵 n. 把手，拉手；柄（1） A new man was appointed to handle the crisis. 新指派了一个人来处理这场危机。Shes very good at handling her pati
28、ents. 她对待病人很有办法。I wasnt sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 我没有把握是否能驾驶功率这样大的小汽车。The car handles well in any weather. 这辆小汽车在任何天气下开起来都很灵便。（2）She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。语块积累语块积累handle stress 应对压力handle well/badly 容易/ 难以驾驶，操纵（用主动表被动） the handle of a knife 刀柄a long-handl
29、ed spoon 一把长柄匙a broom handle 扫帚把单句语法填空单句语法填空（1） （handle）well，trucks of this kind are popular with farmers in rural areas. （2） Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without （handle）. Handlinghandles10 This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three cha
30、nces. 这个习语经常用来形容人们在浪费了三次机会之后失败的情形。where 引导定语从句 当先行词是situation，stage，case，point，position，circumstance， condition，state 等表示抽象地点的名词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则定语从句常用 where 或“介词+ which”来引导。Shes got herself into a dangerous situation where shes likely to lose her life. 她让自己陷入了很可能会失去生命危险的境地。The child is at the stage
31、 where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 那个孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。说明说明先行词是抽象地点名词时，若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，不能用where，而要用关系代词。But now comes an important point which/that I am going to use throughout this lecture. 接下来我要讲非常重要的一点，这节课会一直用到它。I thanked him for the position which/that he had offered
32、 me. 我感谢他给了我这个职位。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）This zoo is not the only place the animal can be seen. （2） You cannot put your pets in a circumstance they might be killed. （3） Obesity is a condition in the body stores large，unhealthy amounts of fat. （4） It has been found that across all ages one in 10 people in the
33、 UK often feel lonely，a state _ can impact upon ones physical health. wherewherewhichwhich11 Hence comes the idiom “below the belt”. 因此就有了“below the belt”这个习语。below the belt 不公正的，伤人的Do you think its a bit below the belt what theyre doing? 你认为他们的所作所为有点不太公正吗？ Speaking of hitting below the belt，I think
34、 all the players present hate it. 说到暗箭伤人，我想在场的所有球员都非常憎恨它。Mike was upset recently by being hit below the belt. 因为有人在背后使坏，迈克最近很恼火。语块积累语块积累hit sb. below the belt 用不正当手段打人，暗箭伤人，犯规行为，做事不公道tighten ones belt 勒紧裤腰带Clearly，if you are spending more than your income，youll need to tighten your belt. 很显然，如果你现在花钱
35、就入不敷出，你以后就不得不勒紧腰带了。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Most people agreed that the newspaper was hitting the belt when it hid the truth. （2） She was dismissed from her post，and that was distinctly the belt!belowbelow12 In day-to-day life，if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark，we can describe it as “below the belt”.
36、 在日常生活中，如果有人发表了不公平、残酷的言论，我们可以把它描述为“below the belt”。cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的；残酷的（ cruelly adv. 残忍地，残酷地cruelty n. 残忍，残酷） （1）It was cruel of Jim to ignore her. 吉姆存心不理会她，真是无情。Fate played a cruel trick on him when he was badly injured in his first international game. 他在第一次参加国际比赛时受了重伤，命运对他开了一个残酷的玩笑。I cant stand p
37、eople who are cruel to animals. 我无法容忍虐待动物的人。（2） The little girl was locked in a dark room，cruelly cut off from the outside world. 小女孩被锁在一间黑屋子里，被无情地切断了与外界的联系。（3）The deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife. 他故意说的残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。语块积累语块积累be cruel to. 对残酷，虐待Its cruel of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是残忍
38、的。a cruel punishment 残酷的惩罚be cruelly treated 受虐待单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）It looks as if parents are sometimes cruel their children. In fact，that is not the case. （2） Its extremely cruel live animals to perform an experiment on them. （3） After seeing the film，I know why King Lear was treated so （cruel）by his d
39、aughters. （4） The farmer was accused of （cruel）to animals.toofcruellycrueltyremark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论（ remarkable adj. 非凡的；奇异的；显著的；引人注目的 remarkably adv. 不寻常地；惊人地） （1）What exactly did you mean by that last remark? 你最后那句话究竟是什么意思？ He made a number of rude remarks about the food. 关于食物他作了许多无礼的评论。（2
40、） The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 评委们说参赛作品的水准很高。It would be rude to remark on/upon the appearance of others. 对他人的相貌评头论足是不礼貌的。The teacher remarked that the article was well written. 老师评论说那篇文章写得很好。（3）She was a truly remarkable woman. 她是一位真正非同凡响的女人。It is remarka
41、ble that nobody noticed sooner. 竟然没有人早点发现，真有意思。The area is remarkable for its scenery. 这一地区以其优美的景色而引人瞩目。（4）Remarkably，she wasnt hurt in the crash. 不可思议的是，她在撞车事故中竟然没有受伤。The car is in remarkably good condition for its age. 就车龄而论，这辆车的状况好极了。语块积累语块积累（1）make a remark on/about 对发表评论remarks by/from. 出自的话rem
42、ark on/upon. 评论，说起 remark + that 宾语从句 评论说 （2） a remarkable achievement/career/talent 非凡的成就/ 事业/ 才能remarkably successful 非常成功单句语法填空单句语法填空（5） Her remarks the employment question led to a heated discussion. （6） A remark Analects of Confucius can best express my feeling right now. （7） Dr Johnson once （r
43、emark）that“When a man is tired of London，he is tired of life.”（8） I was just remarking how well you two normally get on with each other. （9） It turns out that the cats were （remarkable） smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over.on/aboutby/fromremarkedon/uponremarkably13 “ Throwi
44、ng in the towel” is another common idiom that comes from boxing. “throw in the towel”是另一个来自拳击的习语。towel n. 毛巾，抹布，纸巾 vt. 用毛巾擦干（1） Help yourself to a clean towel. 请随便拿一条干净毛巾用。She came downstairs after her shower，wrapped in a bath towel. 她淋浴后裹着浴巾走下楼来。（2） James came out of his bedroom，towelling his wet h
45、air. 詹姆斯走出他的卧室，用毛巾擦干他那湿漉漉的头发。语块积累语块积累a hand/bath towel手巾/ 浴巾a beach towel沙滩太阳浴巾a kitchen towel厨房用清洁纸巾towel ones hair dry 用毛巾把头发擦干throw in the towel 认输，承认失败There were many times when I wanted to throw in the towel on computer science. 有很多次我想放弃计算机科学。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）I used towel to rub the dog down afte
46、r its bath. （2） After our swim，we quickly （towel） ourselves down. （3） Three of the original five candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination have now thrown the towel.atowelled in14 .the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.教练就会把一条毛巾扔进擂台来结束比赛。literally adv. 真正地
47、，确实地；按字面，字面上（literal adj.字面意思的，完全按照原文的） There are literally hundreds of prizes to win. 真的有好几百份奖品可以赢取。The word “planet” literally means “wandering body”. planet 一词字面上的意思是wandering body（游荡的天体）。I am not referring to “small” people in the literal sense of the word. 我指的不是字面意义上的“小”人。语块积累语块积累translate lite
48、rally 直译in a literal sense 从字面意思上；实际上a literal translation 直译单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Weve got to get the economy under control or it will （literal）eat us up. （2） The driver took it （literal）when asked to go straight over the roundabout. （3） In many cases，the people there are fighting， a literal sense，for their homes.literallyliterallyinTHE END
