1、非谓语动词专项讲解1. “How are you?” Its a question that seems simple. However, it can actually make people (1)_ (feel) very strange. Last month, AlinaSimone(2) _ (write) in The New York Times about the difficulty that Russians have (3)_(answer)this question. This same question, in Russian language and cultur
2、e, is always answered in eitherhealth, weather or things that (4) _ (happen) recently. 2. If a native English- speaking friend really wants (1)_ (know) whats going on in your life, “what have you been up to?” or “whats new?” is more likely (2)_ (ask). 3. Sometimes, they respond by _ (describe) their
3、 day or a problem theyre facing. 4. Every answer I gave_ (receive) by a frown from the manager, even though I told him about my communication skills, my knowledge of French and so on. 5. “American Dreams in China，” a comedy based on the story of real-life company New Oriental Education Group, is now
4、 the weekly champion of Chinas box office (票房) (1)_ (beat) Hollywood blockbusters (大片) “Iron Man 3” and “The Croods (疯狂原始人). ”6. Heated discussion on the definition of real successes (1)_(arouse) after more and more audience came into the cinema for this movie. 7. When he was fourteen he was already
5、 hanging around the clinic of a local doctor where he was supposed to be helping to wrap up medicine bottles, but was actually trying (1)_ (listen) to the conversations (2)_ (take place) between the doctor and his patients in the next room. 8. Thats a turn of phrase that we could apply to the discus
6、sion of Internet rumors (谣言) and their impact: this kind of information can (1)_ (trust) as little as it costs to read it. 9. Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try (1)_ (imagine) the consequences o
7、f such a transformation. 10. The school is a post graduate high school, or “cram” (填鸭式的) school , and its purpose is (1)_ (prepare) students for the GAOKAO. Keys: 1. feel ; wrote; answering ; have happened; 2. to know; to be asked;3. describing;4. was received 5. Beating 6. was aroused 7. to listen;
8、 taking place 8. be trusted 9. to imagine10. to prepare非谓语动词的主要结构有哪些？知识点一、非谓语动词之不定式【知识梳理】不定式的形式及用法 用法形式 主 动被 动与谓语动词动作的先后关系例句一般式to doto be done同时/之后The patient was asked to be operated on at once. 进行式to be doing/同时The boy pretended to be working hard. 完成式to have doneto have been done之前I happened to h
9、ave seen the film. 动词不定式的句法功能1) 主语：例1. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 例2. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 2) 表语：例1. Her job is to clean the hall. 例2. He appea
10、rs to have caught a cold. 3) 宾语：下列动词只能接不定式作 (直接) 宾语：hope, wish, want, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, care, choose, arrange, expect, decide, agree, plan, promise, offer, manage, pretend, prepare, elect, fail, long, determine, desire等。不定式一般不做介词的宾语，但是可以放在介词but/except之后做宾语。如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的
11、不定式不带to；否则就要带to。即所谓的“前有do后无to”。例1. I have no choice but to stay here. 例2. I can do nothing but stay here. it作形式宾语如果不定式 (宾语) 后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语 (不定式) 后置，常用的动词有 (consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等
12、) 。注：这里高考常考的动词有：consider, make, find, feel, see, suppose, take 等。例1. We consider it our duty to support good leaders. 例2. The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster. 4) 作宾语补足语：下列动词之后用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，用一句口诀来记忆：“五看三使两听一感觉”see, look at, watch, notice, observe/ make, let, have/ listen to
13、, hear/ feel 5) 定语：下列情况下一般用动词不定式做后置定语：不定式表将来I have a meeting to attend this afternoon. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级限定的中心词。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. The best way to earn respect was to study hard and achieve high grades. 用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse,
14、 promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等，这些名词经常被no, all, any等修饰。I had no ability to read and write English when I was five years old. 下列情况下，不定式之后要有相应的介词：作定语的不定式是不及物动词。There is nothing to worry about. 不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等。Please give me a knife to cut with. 如果不定式修饰plac
15、e, way, 可以省略介词。He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you got anything to send? (你有什么东西要寄吗？不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent? (你有什么要寄的东西吗？不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”) 6) 状语：目的例.
16、He worked day and night to get the money. 不定式做状语表示目的，可以用in order to, so as to 来替换，但是so as to不能用于句首。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：结果例1. He arrived late to find the train gone. 例2. I visited him only to find him out. 注：only to do sth. 、turn out to be 通常表示的是意料之外的结果。例3. Its too dark for us to see anything. 例4.
17、 The question is simple enough for him to answer. 原因：不定式与表示喜怒哀乐的形容词连用，一般表示原因。例. They were very sad to hear the news. 【例题精讲】例1. Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quakestricken town has been allocated by the government, the rest _ from the coming charity concerts. A. to be collected B. h
18、aving been collected C. being collected D. to have been collected例2. Time to us all is limited. So in the days_, we must work out a practical plan for our study and keep to it strictly. A. following B. to follow C. followed D. being followed【答案】AB【巩固练习】1. Research found that children who drank mainl
19、y soda were more than twice as likely as those who drank no soda _ signs of aggression. A. showing B. shown C. to show D. show2. The girl the teachers considered _ was caught _ in the exam, which surprised us very much. A. to be the best; cheating B. as the best student; to cheatC. being the best; c
20、heating D. as a good student; to cheat3. As a role model, I dont think most people can imagine what its like _ that closely every minute of the day. A. to be watched B. watched C. watching D. having watched4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _ him a millionaire overni
21、ght. A. making B. having made C. to make D. made【答案】CAAC知识点二、非谓语动词之动名词【知识梳理】动名词的形式及用法 用法形式 主 动被 动与谓语动词动作的先后关系例句一般式doingbeing done同时/之后Seeing is believing. He came to the party without being invited. 完成式having donehaving been done之前We remembered having seen the film. He forgot having been taken to Gu
22、angzhou. 1) 否定式：not + 动名词例. I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。2) 复合结构：物主代词 (或名词所有格) + 动名词例1. He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。例2. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。动名词的句法功能1) 主语：例1. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。例2. Collecting stamps is in
23、teresting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time 等名词)+doing sth. 例1. It is no use crying. 哭没有用。例2. It is no good objecting. 反对也没有用。例3. It is a great fun playing football. 打篮球很有趣。 例4. It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释是浪费时间。 It is + useles
24、s (nice, good, interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. 例1. It is useless speaking. 光说没用。 例2. It is nice seeing you again. 真高兴又遇到了你。 例3. It is good playing chess after supper. 晚饭后弈棋挺好。 例4. It is expensive running this car. 开这种小车是浪费。动名词短语用于there be 句型中There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.
25、 做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) 例. There is no use crying over split milk. 覆水难收。 2) 表语：例. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3) 宾语：如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：consider, advise/suggest, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise, deny, finish, e
26、njoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help, mind, allow, escape. 例1. They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。例2. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。形式宾语it: 动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。例. We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。4) 定语：例1. He cant wa
27、lk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。例2. Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？知识点三、非谓语动词之现在分词【知识梳理】现在分词的形式及用法现在分词主动被动与谓语动词动作先后关系例句一般式doingbeing done同时They went to the park, singing and talking. (主动、同时) The problem being discussed is very important. (被动、同时) 完成式having donehaving been do
28、ne之前Having finished his homework, he went out. (主动、之前) Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. (被动、之前) 否定式：not + 现在分词注：动词分及物和不及物动词，所以现在分词的形式也会因为动词是否是及物动词而不同，及物动词有被动语态，而不及物动词是没有被动语态的。现在分词的句法功能定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。例1. In the following years he work
29、ed even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。例2. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。注：现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years = in the years that followedthe man speaking =the man who is speaking表语：例. The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。注：be
30、+ doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例1. Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？例2. He kept the car waiting at th
31、e gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。状语：A) 作时间状语例. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B) 作原因状语例. Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C) 作方式状语，表示伴随例. He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。D) 作条件状语例. (If) Playing all day, you will was
32、te your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E) 作结果状语例. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F) 作目的状语例. He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。G) 作让步状语例. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。【例题精讲】例1. _ of their bad habits, the boys changed from being
33、 dependent on their parents to _ for others. A. Having rid; sacrificing B. To rid; sacrificeC. Rid; sacrificing D. Having been rid; sacrifice【答案】C 【巩固练习】1. The three travelers finally reached the home of Berthas mother around dusk, _ 65 miles in less than 12 hours. A . covering B. having covered C.
34、to cover D. to have covered2. David has done good deeds all his life, _ him a lot of population. A. earned B. earning C. to earn D. having earned3. Watching football games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them _ live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being perform
35、ed【答案】BBD知识点四、非谓语动词之过去分词【知识梳理】过去分词的概念 (一) 过去分词一般表示被动和完成意义，可在句子中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。不及物动词的过去分词则只表示完成意义。形式只有done一种。 (二) 过去分词的句法功能定语：例1. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。例2. Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注：注意有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动
36、，只表示完成。如：boiled water (开水) fallen leaves (落叶) newly arrived goods (新到的货) the risen sun (升起的太阳) the changed world (变了的世界) 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。例如以上两个句子可以转换成定语从句：Our class went on a trip which was organized last Monday. Those who were elected as committee member
37、s will attend the meeting. 表语：例1. The window is broken. 窗户破了。例2. They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。例1. The window is broken. (系表) 例2. The window was broken by the boy. (被动) 宾语补足语：例1. I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱
38、了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：例2. With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。状语：例1. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。 (表示原因）例2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。 (表示时间）例3. Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果给予更多
39、的时间，我能做得更好。 (表示条件）例4. Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。 (表示让步) 【例题精讲】例1. Newly _ chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda. A. appointing B. appointed C.
40、 being appointed D. having appointed例2. To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess as if _. A. breaking into B. having broken into C. broken into D. being broken into【答案】BC【巩固练习】1. Could you please explain the assignment for Monday, Miss Smith? Certainly. Read the next chapter and come t
41、o class _ to discuss what youve read. A. preparing B. prepared C. to prepareD. to be prepared2. All kinds of promotion activities were launched, _ the National Day Holiday market. A. targeting to B. is targeting at C. targeted atD. is targeted3. What a great weight she felt _ off her mind the moment
42、 she heard she had passed the College Entrance Examination!A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken【答案】BCD 知识点五、分词其它注意点【知识梳理】 (一) 独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，有其独立的逻辑主语时，就把这个结构叫做独立主格结构。例1. I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。例2. All the tickets having been sold out, they went away
43、disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。例3. All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。例4. The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。注：有时也可用with (without) +名词 (代词宾格) +分词形式例. With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 (二) 独立成分：有些分词或不定式短语作状语时，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking,
