Unit3topic talk&lesson1讲义（教师版+学生版）-（2022）新北师大版高中英语必修第一册.rar

1Unit3 Topic talk&Lesson1 Celebrations1occasion n重要的社交活动；时刻，时候occasional adj.偶然的；临时的occasionally adv.偶尔地2graduation n毕业graduate n毕业生 vi.毕业3sticky adj粘性的，粘的stick v粘贴;粘住 n枝条；条状物；棍状物4congratulation n恭喜，祝贺congratulate vt.祝贺5tradition n传统traditional adj.传统的traditionally adv.传统地6gathering n聚会gather v聚会7summarise vi. & vt. 总结，概括summary n总结；概括；概要8host n主人；东道主；主持人 v主办；主持9attach vt贴；固定；附上attached adj. 依恋的；附属于attachment n.C附属物，附件；C, U爱慕，依恋10scare vt.使(某人)惊恐；吓唬scary adj.可怕的，引起恐慌的scared adj害怕的；惊恐的11surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的；四周的surroundings n周围的环境12retired adj.退休的retire v退休13original adj原先的，最早的，最初的origin n起源；出身；源头；起因高频短语1.put up 修建；举起；提供膳宿；张贴；增加，提高写出下列句中 put up 的含义Theyre putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town. 建造 The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon. 张贴 If you have any questions，put up your hands.举起 They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer. 提供食宿 Theyve put up the rent by 200 yuan a month. 增加，提高 2.let off 使爆炸；排放，漏出（液体、气体）使爆炸；排放，漏出（液体、气体） ；不惩罚，放过，宽恕；允许（某人）不做；不惩罚，放过，宽恕；允许（某人）不做写出下列句中 let off 的含义Don t let off fireworks near the house for its very dangerous.使爆炸Youve worked hard all week, so Ill let you off today.允许（某人）不做The flowers let off a wonderful smell which makes tourists joyful.排放2重点单词与短语精析重点单词与短语精析课标词课标词 高频词高频词1. occasion n重要的社交活动；时刻，时候重要的社交活动；时刻，时候【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)on occasion(s) 偶尔on one occasion 有一次on that occasion 那时；在那种情况下(2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；偶尔；有时【练习】单句语法填空On one occasion (occasion)，she called me in the middle of the night.He managed to remain cool by swimming occasionally (occasion)Your eighteenth birthday is an important occasion when you legally become an adult.This is not an occasion for laughter，where you must take things seriously.As the years passed，many occasions birthdays，awards, graduations were marked with Dads flowers.注意当 occasion 后接定语从句时，其引导词要依据 occasion 的含义及在从句中所作的成分来确定。当 occasion 作先行词，其含义为“场合；庆典”时，应将它看作充当从句中的地点状语，用 where 来引导；当表示“机会；时刻”时，应将它看作充当从句中的时间状语，用 when 来引导。2. congratulation n恭喜，祝贺恭喜，祝贺【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)congratulation n 祝贺，恭贺(常用复数复数形式) congratulations(to sb.)on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事(2)congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事congratulate oneself on(doing) sth.庆幸自己(做)某事【练习】单句语法填空He congratulated (congratulate) himself on having survived the air crash.他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于难。I send you my warmest congratulations (congratulate)on your success.我对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺。语境助记Many friends came to congratulate him on his marriage，and some sent emails to express their congratulations.很多朋友来祝贺他结婚，有些人发邮件表示祝贺。3. account vt.认为是，视为认为是，视为n.描述，报道；描述，报道；(银行银行)账户；账目；解释，说明账户；账目；解释，说明【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)n. C描述，叙述（其后常接介词描述，叙述（其后常接介词 of） ；解释；解释she gave the police a full account of the incident. 她向警方详尽地描述了这起事件。(2)n. C账户账户常见搭配：open an account 开户(3)account for 解释；说明；解释；说明；(数量，比例上数量，比例上)占占;是是的原因的原因3【练习】1.单句语法填空(2020.天津静海一中期末)The recent cold weather has prevented residents from going out,which may account for the decline in customers at the shopping mall.When questioned, he was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.2.完成句子To open an account , you need your ID card and some money. 要开户，你需要你的身份证和一些钱。4. character【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)n. 文字，符号；角色，人物文字，符号；角色，人物常见搭配：Chinese characters 汉字汉字The address was written in Chinese characters. 地址是用汉字写的。(2)n. C. usually sing.品质，性格品质，性格；C, usually sing. ,U特点，特色特点，特色Her husband is a man of good character, well-like and respected by his colleagues.她的丈夫是一个性格很好的人，同事们很喜欢和尊敬他。The two towns are similar in size but very different in character.这两个城镇大小差不多，但特色却大不相同图形助记character 的多种含义汉字属于象形“文字”，其字形多源于事物的外形“特征” 山山character 特征 character 文字【练习】判断下列句子中 character 的含义When you call someone a friend, it is mainly his character and interests that make him your friend. 性格 The characters Stan Lee and Marvel artists created are so popular that more than two million comic books based on their adventures have been published in 75 countries and 25 languages. 角色 The whole character of the village has changed since the last time I was here. 特色Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(美学的) value. 文字5. attach vt.贴；固定；附上贴；固定；附上【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)attach sth. to sth. 把把附在附在上，把上，把固定固定到到上（上（to 为介词）为介词）attach importance/significance to认为重要/有意义（to 为介词）(2)attached adj. (作表语作表语)依恋的；附属于依恋的；附属于be attached to 附属于；依恋附属于；依恋4(3)attachment n.C附属物，附件；附属物，附件；C, U爱慕，依恋爱慕，依恋【练习】单句语法填空She attached stamps to the envelopes and mailed them out.This hospital is attached (attach)to Hefei Medical University nearby. Please find my application letter in this attachment (attach).6. scare sb./sth. away 把吓跑【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)scared adj. 惊恐的，担惊受怕的惊恐的，担惊受怕的be scaredError!be scared to death 吓得要命(2)scare vt. 使某人受惊；惊吓使某人受惊；惊吓 n. 恐慌；惊恐恐慌；惊恐scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事【练习】完成句子When seeing the horror movie last night, I was scared to death （吓死了）but excited.The explorers had to make a fire at the edge of the forest to scare away/off （吓跑了）wild animals at night.You cant scare me into telling you （恐吓我告诉你）anything.那个小女孩不敢过桥，因为她害怕掉进河里。The little girl is scared of going across the bridge because she is scared to fall into the river.7. surround vt.环绕；围绕环绕；围绕【用法归纳拓展用法归纳拓展】(1)be surrounded by/with 被被围绕着；周围是围绕着；周围是surround . with .用包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的(3)surroundings n. 环境(通常用复数形式) in .surroundings 在环境之中语境串记As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature. 作为一名著名的流行歌星，他喜欢被这么多从周围城镇来看他的歌迷包围。他也喜欢绿树和鲜花的美丽环绕，因为他可以从大自然中获得更多的快乐。【练习】1.单句语法填空We stood at the edge of the lake, which is surrounded (surround) by/with trees.We lived in a house surrounded (surround)by trees, most of which were pine trees.Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding (surround) hills.2.约两个小时后，我们到达了一个树木和鲜花环绕的美丽的公园。5About two hours later, we arrived at a beautiful park surrounded with/by trees and flowers. 重点句型分析重点句型分析1.I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival，as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.(教材 P53)我通常在春节前几周就开始计划我的山西回家之旅，因为因为火车票或飞机票必须尽早预订。As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it. (教材 P53)随着随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人在一起才是春节最重要的部分。【句式分析】句中的 as 作连词，句表示原因，意为“因为因为”。句表示时间，意为“随着随着”。归纳拓展归纳拓展例句例句(1)as 作为从属连词从属连词，可以引导下列从句：a时间时间状语从句，意为“正当的时候”、 “一面一面”、 “随着”，从句可放主句之前或主句之后。b方式方式状语从句，意为“如同”、 “按照的方式、样子、办法”。as 从句总跟在主句之后。c让步让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，多在主句之前，且多用倒装。(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、原形动词、不加冠词的单数名词置于 as 前面)。d比较比较状语从句，意为“和一样/不一样”。表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个 as 为副词(意为“那么”“如此”)，第二个 as 为连词(引导的比较状语从句常常省略)。其基本结构为：asadj./adv.as。He shouted aloud as her ran along.(时间)他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。When at Rome，do as Romans do.入乡随俗。 （方式）Child asthoughhe was，he did quite well.(让步)他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错。He doesnt speak English as/so fluently as you.(比较)他的英语说得不如你流利。(2)as 作为关系代词关系代词，可以引导定语从句定语从句，既可以单独使用，也可以与其他词连用，其用法要比 that 和 which 更为复杂，而且 as 在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语，可以指人也可指物。This is the same watch as I lost.这块表跟我丢失的那块一样。He was absent，as is often the case.他缺席了，这是常有的事。As was expected，he succeeded at last.正如我们所料，他终于成功了。(3)as 作为介词介词的用法：表示“好像，作为，当作”。As a writer，he was famous.作为作家，他是很有名的。即学即练判断 as 的意思As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired.当.Difficult as it is，we should not give it up.虽然This film is as interesting as that one.和.一样62. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.据说， “福”倒即福到。【句式分析】 It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.形式主语 be 过去分词 真正的主语【考点提炼】 “It + be + 过去分词 + that.”句型 (1)句型解读：It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语，that 仅起连接作用，不作成分。(2)常用于此句型的过去分词有 believed, said, reported, thought, hoped, suggested, known, proved 等It is reported that the mayor will visit our school next week.据报道，市长下周要来参观我们学校。It is generally believed that a good education is beneficial to young people.人们普遍认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。(3)该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth. + be + 过去分词 + 不定式”句型。据说瑜伽对人们的健康有益。It is said that yoga is of great benefit to peoples health.Yoga is said to be of great benefit to peoples health.【练习】句式转换It was generally believed that the show was a great success.The show was generally believed to be a great success .Our team is reported to have won the game. It is reported that our team has won the game.3. Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accentsI know that I am heading home to my family.(教材 P53) 每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。【句式分析】句中 the moment I get on the train 是 the moment 引导的时间状语从句时间状语从句，the moment 表示“一就”。that 引导的是宾语从句宾语从句。例 1He said he had phoned you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打电话。例 2Ill write to you the moment I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你写信。造句我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。The moment I closed my eyes, I fell asleep. 【拓展】the moment/minute/second + 句子名词短语 the moment/minute/second 可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as，意为“一就”。e.g. I recogniszed him the minute I saw him. 我一见到他就认出他来了。Every day my mother sets about her housework the moment she returns from work.每天我妈妈一下班回来就开始做家务。【练习】一句多译我刚到办公室，我的妻子就打电话让我马上回家。_ _ I arrived at the office, my wife phoned me to go back home at once._ _ _I arrived at the office, my wife phoned me to go back home at once.The moment/minute/second ; As soon as7语法语法被动语态被动语态【挖教材挖教材.语法示例语法示例】用括号内词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征1. First, the house was cleaned (clean ) from top to bottom.2. Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached (attach)upside down to our front door.3. It is believed (believe )that when Fu is put (put) upside down, happiness arrives.4. Fireworks were being let off (let off)across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.5. I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked (book)as early as possible.6. Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded (surround) by Shanxi accents.7. We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared/preparing (prepare).8. Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made (make).9. Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festivalthe spirit of familyhas largely been kept (keep).一、被动语态的构成一、被动语态的构成英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态是表示主语是位于动词所表示的动作的承受着，其构成为：助动词 be+过去分词过去分词。在被动语态中，by 后常跟动作的执行者。且通常只有需要的动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。1.被动语态的时态、形式表（本单元出现的）被动语态的时态、形式表（本单元出现的）形式形式构成构成例句例句一般式am/is/are doneRice is grown in the south of the US.美国南部种植水稻。进行式am/is/are being doneEnglish lessons are being broadcast on the radio.英语课正在广播里播放。现在时完成式has/have been doneThe case has recently been tried. 这桩案子最近已经审过了。一般式was/were doneThey were given a warm send-off.他们受到了热烈的欢送。过去时进行式was/were being doneWe had to take a detour. The road was being repaired.我们得绕行。这条路在维修。2.被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况（1）情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词。All the letters should be answered immediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。Other problems also have to be faced.还需要面对其他问题。8【真题连接】(全国卷语法填空节选)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案解析】be made。chopsticks 和 make 之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态；might 为情态动词，后应接动词原形。（2）不定式的被动语态一般式（to be done）：表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生完成式（to have been done）：表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。二、被动语态的使用场合二、被动语态的使用场合使用场合使用场合例句例句注意事项注意事项不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者Do you know when the new railway will be put to use?你知道新的铁路什么时候投入使用吗？不带 by 引导的短语强调动作的承受着；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者The novel was written by the high school student.这部小说是由这个中学生写的。带 by 引导的短语表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers Club at 7 p.m. on May. 热烈邀请您参加 5月 1 日晚上 7 点在工人俱乐部举行的派对。不必说明动作的执行者修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 她走上舞台，观众给予了她热烈的掌声。只有一个主语在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 核能已被用于发电。用于书面语【真题连接】91. (2017.全国卷语法填空节选)When fat and salt_(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.2. (2019.全国卷语法填空改编)The polar bear_(find) in the Arctic Circle and some big land massed as far south as Newfoundland.【答案解析】1.are removed。根据 tastes 可知，此处应用一般现在时；又因主语为 fat and salt，且 fat and salt 与动词 remove 之间是动宾关系，谓语动词应用复数和被动语态。2.is found。句意：在北极圈以及一些南至纽芬兰的大块陆地上发现了北极熊。根据句意可知，The polar bear 与find 之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况1.连系动词(如 look，sound，smell，feel，taste. remain 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Your advice sounds practical.你的建议听起来是可行的。Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown 我们还不知道能否放假。The material feels very soft. 这种材料摸起来很软。The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。2. open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door doesnt shut. 这门关不上。 The book sells well.这书卖得不错。3.在 want，need，require 等少数表示“需要”的动词后的 v-ing 用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs cleaning. =The house needs to be cleaned. 这所房子需要打扫。This wall requires repairing. =This wall requires to be repaired.这面墙需要修理。【真题连接】(2019.江苏阅读理解改编)After the concert， Naomi told the family that Steves music was beautiful and professional. It need_ (share) in public【答案解析】to be shared 或 sharing。分析句子结构可知，share 与 It( Steves music)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；“需要被”可以用“need doing”或“need to be done”的形式表示。故填 to be shared或 sharing。四、使用被动语态时应注意的问题四、使用被动语态时应注意的问题1. 不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有 appear，belong，disappear，happen，remain，break 10out， come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place，run out 等。We cannot say for sure what will happen.我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。【真题连接】1.(重庆高考单项填空)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.A. remainsB. remainC. is remainingD. has been remained2.(重庆高考单项填空) Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future_to the well-educated.A. belongsB. is belongedC. is belongingD. will be belonged【答案解析】1.A。remain 是不及物动词，没有被动语，故排除 B、D 两项；且 remain 一般不用于进行时。2.A。句意:威廉姆斯教授不断地告诉他的学生，未来属于受过良好教育的人。 belong to 意为“属于” ，不用于被动语态，故排除 B、D 两项；又因为 belong to 不用于进行时，故选 A。2. 在主动语态里，动词 see，make，hear，watch，notice 等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to，但变为被动语态时，to 必须补上。必须补上。They made him go there alone.他们让他独自去那里。(主动语态)He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)3.接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词 to 或或 for。We gave him the letter. =He was given the letter by us.=The letter was given to him by us.我们把那封信给他了。She bought her mother a new coat. =Her mother was bought a new coat by her.=A new coat was bought for her mother by her. 她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。4.将含有“动词+介词/副词”类短语动词(如 look after，put on，pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留下来。She often looks after the old. 她经常照看老人。(主动语态)The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态)基础练知识巩固建议时间：基础练知识巩固建议时间：20 分钟分钟一、单词拼写一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词用本部分所学单词)1. The woman rushed out immediately she felt the house shaking.2.(吉林长春外国语学校开学考) Paper-cuts are often used as decorations for a joyful atmosphere.3. Most students studying abroad choose to live with a host family because it is relatively cheap.4. She gave an e