1、Noun clauses as Noun clauses as the object and predicativethe object and predicativeUnit 3 GrammarUnit 3 Grammar宾语从句、表语从句宾语从句、表语从句Object Clauses Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句 请对应写出句子成分 I know him. （ ） （ ） （ ） I know who he is. （ ）（ ）（ ）宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。主谓宾语主谓宾语从句请用横线画出下面句子的宾语从句部分。1、I know him. 2、Do you hav
2、e the time?3、I think that she is beautiful. 4、Why dont you e?总结：宾语通常位于_ 或者_后谓语动词谓语动词/ /及物动词及物动词介词介词位置： 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。句子结构： 主句 + 连词(引导词) + 宾语从句语序： She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.A.I dont know where we will
3、 hold the meeting.宾语从句的语序用_语序 (陈述or疑问)陈述陈述 语序 1)Could you tell me_. A. you will get here when B. when will you get here C. get here when you will D. when you will get here 2) Mother asked his son what _for lunch at school. A. did he had B. does he had C. he has D. he hadD DD D 1.1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 从属连接词
4、从属连接词( (不充当从句的任何成分不充当从句的任何成分) )：that ,whether ,if that ,whether ,if 1 1） I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2 2）I want to know if /whether he will go to the atter and that he I want to know if /whether he will go to the atter and that he was asked not
5、 to tell you.was asked not to tell you.注2 if 和Whether的区别1）表示“是否” 在从句中不作句子的成分， 一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 例 I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 2）下面3种情况只能用whether 和不定式to do 连用 (whether to do sth.) Whether to go there hasnt been decided. They asked me whether to go shoe or not.接在介词后面 Im thinking
6、 of whether we should go fishing.练习：1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether 1、从属连接词(不充当从句的任何成分：that ,whet
7、her ,if 2、连接代词和连接副词 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词：when ,where ,how ,why 连接主句和从句， 并在从句中担任句子成分， 具有一定的意义， 不可省略。连接主句和从句，连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，具有一定的意义，不可省略。不可省略。Do you know what he said just now? Do you know what he said just now? I dont remember when we arrived.I don
8、t remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much I asked him where I could get so much money. money. e who (whom) we have to see.e who (whom) we have to see.She did not know what had hae how you go She did not know what had hae how you go to the station?to the station?宾宾宾宾主主定定状状状状状状练
9、习：1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）4. They dont know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)5. I dont know _ so many . (how, why)6. Do you know _ shirt
10、 it is? (whose, whos)whywhywhowhohowhowwhenwhenwhywhywhosewhose2.2.作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，如：如：Our success depends on how well we can Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.cooperate with one another.The reason lies in that he works harder The reason lies in that he works harder tha
11、n anyone else does.than anyone else does. 3.3.作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. I am sure I will . I am sure I will . I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. that that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：引导的从句常跟
12、在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious anxious，certaincertain，confidentconfident，determineddetermined，gladglad，proudproud，surprisedsurprised，worriedworried，sorrysorry，thankfulthankful， disappointed disappointed， pleased pleased 等。等。it 可以作为形式宾语： I feel it important that 从句 ( that 从句 )think, find, consider, believe, fee
13、lI think it necessary that you should read English aloud.I _ every day . 我认为我们每天做锻炼是有重要的。We all _.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。consider it important to do physical exercise feel it imake a decision immediately that we should do . that we should make 时态时态1. 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情
14、况而定I know that he lives here. I know that he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时用相对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时，过去完成过去将来时，过去完成时）时）I knew who lived here. I saw that she was talking wi
15、th her mother.He said that his father had gone to Beijing.3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun Predicative Clauses Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句 This is his job. （ ） This is what he do
16、es every day. （ ）表语表语从句系动词 + 表语常见的系动词分为三种：A. 表示特征和状态： be, look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, ae, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等C. 表示某种状态的： remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等 连接词连接词: that / whether /as if /as though( if : that / whether /as if /as though( if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句) ) 连接代词连接代词: who /
17、whom / whose / which / what : who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词连接副词: when / where / why / how / because : when / where / why / how / because 1、that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，不可省略。 对主句主语的内容起解释的作用 The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness. Our oker in four will die from smoking. 表示事实，真理的名词，如：f
18、act, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词， 如：idea, o等 2. whether 引导的表语从句 起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底” If 不能引导表语从句 The question is whether we can rely on him. The question is whether what man will turn ue. What the doctor doubts is whether my mother will recover from the disease soon. 3、连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose 在从句中从当
19、主语、表语、定语，有词义 Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The is who is really fit for the hard job. The ime should be put on the top of the list. 4. 4. 连接副词连接副词where, when, why, howwhere, when, why, how 5. 5. 其他连词其他连词as if, because, as, as though as if, becaus
20、e, as, as though as if/thoughas if/though引导的常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。引导的常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. It looks as though the country is covered with pink snow. It looks as though the country is covered
21、 with pink snow. 1. Tom 1. Tom 已经不是他以前的样子了。已经不是他以前的样子了。 Tom is no longer what he used to be.Tom is no longer what he used to be.2. Thats where you are wrong. 2. Thats where you are wrong. 3. 3. 看上去整个国家像是被粉红的雪覆盖着。看上去整个国家像是被粉红的雪覆盖着。 It looks as though the country is covered with without . It looks as
22、though the country is covered with without . 5. 5. 我迟到的原因是我困在交通堵塞中了。我迟到的原因是我困在交通堵塞中了。The reason why I was late was that I was stuck in the heavy .The reason why I was late was that I was stuck in the heavy .The reason for my being late was that I was stuck in the heavy . The reason for my being late
23、 was that I was stuck in the heavy . Thats why I was late.Thats why I was late.6. 6. 我的建议是你应该抓住每个机会练习说英语。我的建议是你应该抓住每个机会练习说英语。 My advice is that you should take every chance to s is who is the My advice is that you should take every chance to s is who is the right person for the hard job. right perso
24、n for the hard job. ABCAD CBCAD BCDAD CBDACCBCCIn the y mind went blank. 脑子里一片空白 (表紧张）Collect my sense 集中注意力 five sense 五种感官Lean against the wall 倚靠着墙 用againstMy muscles froze 肌肉僵硬Blame sb 责备某人With my ears and neck burning 形容羞/紧张等 Tom is no longer what he used to be. Thats where you are wrong. It lo
25、oks as though the country is covered with without mercy. The reason why I was late was that I was stuck in the heavy traffic. The reason for my being late was that I was stuck in the heavy traffic. Thats why I was late. My advice is that you should take every chance to s is who is the right person f
26、or the hard job. 4. 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding. 5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.
