1、专题九构词法与比较等级专题九构词法与比较等级-2-基础考法能力考法考点一派生词1.名词后缀(1)动词变名词的常见后缀-3-基础考法能力考法-4-基础考法能力考法-5-基础考法能力考法【典型例题1】(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.解析:introduction考查名词。根据前面的with the和后面的介词of可知,此处要用名词形式。introduction“引进;采用”。考法总结从空前的冠词以及空后的介词看,此处需要填名词
2、。-6-基础考法能力考法(2)形容词变名词的常见后缀 -7-基础考法能力考法-8-基础考法能力考法【典型例题2】(2017全国卷)It had already been placed in a carrier for (safe).解析:从空前的for可知,此处的形容词需要变成名词。故填safety。考法总结介词后的形容词,需要变成名词,形成介宾结构。-9-基础考法能力考法2.形容词、副词后缀(1)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀-10-基础考法能力考法-11-基础考法能力考法-12-基础考法能力考法-13-基础考法能力考法【典型例题3】(2017全国卷)However,be (care) not
3、 to go to extremes.解析:考查形容词。此处做系动词be的表语,且构成be careful not to do sth结构,表示“小心不要做某事”。故填careful。 -14-基础考法能力考法(2)形容词变副词的常见后缀 【典型例题4】(2017全国卷)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析:考查副词。这里表示“那无疑是非常有趣的”。certainly“无疑,确定地”(用以表示说话者相信所言属实)。故填certainly。考法总结副词可修饰形容词、副词、动词以及整个句子。-15-基础考法能力考法3
4、.形容词、名词变动词的前缀和后缀 -16-基础考法能力考法【典型例题5】(2017全国卷)These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also (courage) our chick to start calling as well.解析:从空前的might可知,此空需要用动词原形。故填encourage。考法总结情态动词后面跟动词原形。-17-基础考法能力考法4.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 -18-基础考法能力考法【典型例题6】(2017全国卷)What is (avoid) in the authors res
5、cue work according to paragraph 1?解析:根据句意,这句问的是“什么是不可避免的”,因此用形容词,同时表示否定。故填unavoidable。考法总结系动词后面要用形容词,同时根据句意,这里表示否定。-19-基础考法能力考法考点二转化法不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转化为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。-20-基础考法能力考法【典型例题7】(2017全国卷)I gave the owner as much information as possible and (head) home to see what news the night might bring.解析:我
6、们较熟悉的是head做名词,但是从空后的home看,这里的head是动词,意思是“朝着走”。故填headed。考法总结根据语境可知,home是副词,前面要用动词。-21-基础考法能力考法比较等级考法考查形容词、副词的比较等级形容词和副词比较等级的考查集中在:as.as.结构、比较级和最高级的一般用法和特殊用法。如:比较级形式表达最高级含义。【典型例题1】(2015四川卷改编)Andy is content with the toy.It is the (good) he has ever got.解析:句意:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到过的最好的玩具。该句中的It是指上文提到的玩具,根据h
7、e has ever got可知用形容词的最高级。答案为best,其后省略了名词toy。考法总结比较的范畴为三个或三个以上时,应用最高级表示。-22-基础考法能力考法【典型例题2】(2017全国卷)Even (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析:考查固定表达。even worse“更糟糕的是”。故填worse。 【典型例题3】(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify
8、(识别)those of (great) and less importance.解析:句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该退一步,确定哪些事情更重要,哪些不那么重要。and连接两个并列成分,设空处应与less并列,也应用比较级形式。故填greater。-23-基础考法能力考法【典型例题4】(2014湖北卷改编)This novel was once the (wide) read book in high schools in the United States.解析:句意:这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。根据设空前的定冠词及空后的in high schools in
9、the United States可知,此处应用最高级the most widely来修饰过去分词read。故填most widely。【典型例题5】(2014辽宁卷)The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!解析:本句是固定句式:“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越就越”。句意:你越是用力打他,你就越可能被打。他能够控制你!故填harder。-24-基础考法能力考法考法1妙用标志(词)定答案有时设空处前后有一些比较等级的标志词或修饰语,如:than,much,of a
10、ll等,考生可以利用这些信息快速确定答案。【典型例题1】(2014全国卷)Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.解析:句意:最后,人们的努力得到了回报,现在这条河里的水比以前更干净了。根据空后的than可推断设空处应该填提示词的比较级形式。故填cleaner。-25-基础考法能力考法考法2善用知识储备定答案英语中有些约定俗成的表达包含了比较等级结构,比如“the+比较级,the+比较级”等固定句式结构。因此,考生只要平时用心积累,就可以大大提高解题的速度和准确率。【
11、典型例题2】(2013全国卷)Tony can hardly boil an egg,still(little) cook dinner.解析:句意:托尼几乎连鸡蛋都不会煮,更不必说做饭了。still less是固定搭配,表示“更谈不上,更不用说”。故填less。-26-基础考法能力考法【典型例题3】(2012全国卷改编)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much the (good).解析:so much the better是固定短语,意为“那就更好了”。句意:结果对我们来说不是很重要,但如果我们
12、真的赢了,那就更好了。故填better。-27-1.(2016四川卷)Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.2.(2016浙江卷改编)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.recently句意:中国科学家最近有一次研究一只野生雌性大熊猫与其幼崽的机会。“最近”为整个句子的时间状语,故填形容词rece
13、nt的副词形式recently。especially句意:(开车时)突然停车是件很恐怖的事,尤其是你在高速行驶时。especially意为“尤其是”,在句中做状语,符合语境。-28-3.They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.personally句意:他们以个人名义或者通过他们的公司给养老院捐款。根据句意,该空修饰动词gave,故填副词形式。personally意为“私人地;亲自地”。4.Instead of blaming the child who had br
14、oken the vase,she gave him a(tolerance) smile and let him go.tolerant设空处修饰名词smile,做定语,要用形容词。句意:她没有指责打碎花瓶的男孩,而是给了他一个宽容的微笑让他走了。tolerance是名词,其形容词为tolerant。-29-5.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others (blind).6.He didnt selfishly keep for himself the
15、money inherited from his uncle.Instead,he made a (generosity) contribution to help the community.blindly句意:教育的目的是教会年轻人要独立思考,不要盲目地跟随别人。设空处修饰动词follow,做状语,应用副词。形容词blind变副词直接加-ly,blindly意为“盲目地”。generous设空处修饰名词contribution,做定语,应用形容词。句意:他没有自私地把从叔叔那里继承的钱据为己有,相反,他非常慷慨地捐出来帮助社区的人们。generosity为名词,其形容词为generous。
16、-30-7.Little Tommy is really hard to deal with.You cant find a(noisy) boy in the class.8.Raymonds parents wanted him to have the (good) possible education.9.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a (good) one is put forward,well make do with it.noisier句意:小汤米真难对付。你在这个班上找不到比他更吵闹的男孩子了。not或never与形容
17、词比较级连用,表示最高级含义。best句意:雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。根据语境可知应用形容词最高级,修饰名词education。better句意:这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议之前,我们先将就着用这个吧。根据句意可知,此处暗含比较含义,指一个更好的建议。故填better。-31-10.This is by far the (inspire) movie that I have ever seen.most inspiring句意:这是到目前为止我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。后文that I have ever seen给出了范围,故应用形容词最高级;by far也常与最高级连用
18、。-32-1.Without Mother and Fathers love,I wouldnt be leading such a happily life now.2.For one thing,a little child is great fun and I like to play with him or her cheerful.3.My mindless words must have hurt him deep.happilyhappy句意:没有父母的爱,我现在不会过着这么幸福的生活。修饰名词应用形容词,故将happily改为happy。cheerfulcheerfully句意
19、:首先,小孩子很有趣,我喜欢跟他/她一起开心地玩。修饰动词,应用副词,故将cheerful改为cheerfully。deepdeeply句意:我不经意的话肯定已经深深地伤害了他。deep和deeply均可用作副词,但是deep常用来指具体的“深”,如:潜水潜得深用dive deep,而deeply常用来指抽象意义的“深”。-33-4.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.5.E-hongbao is actual a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during f
20、estivals or on special occasions.energyenergetic句意:洗完澡后他看起来精力充沛,精神焕发。look在此意为“看起来”,是连系动词,后面应用形容词充当表语。故用energetic。actualactually句意:电子红包实际上是在节日期间或者特殊场合来自或发给亲戚和朋友的吉利钱。表达“实际上”用副词actually,在句中做状语。-34-6.Last but not least,if we are in danger,we should call the police immediate.immediateimmediately句意:最后但同样重
21、要的是,如果我们身处险境,我们应该立刻打电话报警。修饰动词call,应用副词,故将immediate改为immediately。7.One day in Senior Grade 1,I happened to see an English movie named Speed.It was so interested that I watched it again and again.interestedinteresting第二句中的It指代上句中的电影Speed,指物,应用形容词interesting修饰,意为“有趣的”。interested “感兴趣的”,常用于修饰人。-35-8.Whe
22、n Mr Tang slowly went into the classroom,we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us though he had taught us for only three months.9.I have found their tips on teaching so usefully.clearclearly句意:当唐老师慢慢走进教室的时候,我们可以很清楚地看出他很舍不得离开我们,尽管他只教了我们三个月。修饰动词see应用副词,故将clear改为clearly。usefullyuseful句意:
23、我觉得他们关于教学的建议很有用。此处为find的复合结构,即“find+宾语+宾语补足语”,意为“认为某物如何”,故用形容词做宾语补足语。-36-10.When he was young,he read a lot,and late he became a famous writer of his day.latelater句意:当他年轻的时候,他读了很多书,后来成为他那个时代的著名作家。late做形容词或副词,意为“迟;晚”;later做副词,意为“后来”。根据句意可知,此处应用later。-37-AThe History of Air ConditionersThe first pract
24、ical cooling system for use in industry 1. (invent) in 1902 by Willis Carrier in New York,the U.S.A.He continued to improve 2.(he) invention and,in 1928,developed the first air conditioner for home use.In 1939,an American car company introduced the first air conditioner for cars,3.(make) driving mor
25、e comfortable.-38-After World War ,many American 4.(company) began making air conditioners and,beginning in 1950,many homes in the U.S.A.were equipped 5. central air conditioning.Central air conditioning uses a single unit 6.(heat) or cool a whole house.With this,people could escape the heat of summ
26、er and the cold of winter no matter 7. they were in the house.In the 1970s,electricity 8.(become) more expensive,so people developed 9.(good) air conditioners to save money.Later,the cooling gas in air conditioners was found to pollute the environment,so engineers have been working to produce air co
27、nditioners more friendly to the environment 10. the 1980s.-39-【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了空调的发展:由工业空调、家用空调到车载空调,再到中央空调以及工程师们致力研发的环保空调。1.was invented句意:应用于工业中的第一台实用的制冷系统是1902年由威利斯卡里尔在美国纽约发明的。根据时间状语in 1902可知应为一般过去时,系统是被发明,故用被动语态。2.his此处表示他继续改善他的发明。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词invention。3.making句意:1939年,美国一家汽车公司引进了第一台车载空调,这使得
28、驾驶更为舒适。此处为动词-ing形式短语充当结果状语,是前面主句所指的整件事情的结果。故填making。panies此处表示二战后许多美国公司开始制造空调。设空处被many修饰,应该用复数。故填companies。-40-5.with句意:许多美国家庭装有中央空调系统。表示“装有”用be equipped with。6.to heat句意:中央空调系统用单个装置来使整个房子变热或变凉。设空处在句中充当目的状语,应用动词不定式。7.where句意:有了中央空调,不管人们在房子的哪个角落,都能避开夏天的炎热和冬天的寒冷。no matter where表示“无论在哪里”。8.became此处表示20
29、世纪70年代,电变得非常昂贵。根据时间状语In the 1970s可知为一般过去时。9.better句意:因此,人们研发出了更好的空调来节约钱。根据句意,此处暗含比较意味,故用比较级。10.since句意:自从20世纪80年代以来,工程师们一直在努力制造更加环保的空调。根据so后的句子用现在完成进行时可知,时间状语由since引起。-41-BIn recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs,ranging from talent or dating
30、shows to reality shows 1.(receive) both commercial success and public attention.Their popularity is 2.(main) based on simple facts.First,they care 3. social concerns.Second,without exception,they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.-42-Despite apparent h
31、ighlights,much room 4.(leave) for improvement.Above all, commercial interests often outweigh 5.(education) purposes,causing many complaints about the 6.(bearable) advertisements.In addition,some sharp remarks,7. they are eyecatching,may have misleading effects on the youth.In my opinion,such shows s
32、hould shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8.(entertain) the public.9. is expected,these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile,the 10.(medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.-43-【解题导语】娱乐节目不仅要娱乐观众,同时也应承担起更多的社会责任。1.have received句意:那些节目,从选秀
33、或相亲节目到真人秀都已经获得了商业上的成功和公众的关注。本句是对上句的进一步说明,根据上句中的时间状语In recent years可知此处应用现在完成时。2.mainly句意:它们受欢迎主要是基于简单的事实。分析句子结构可知,be based on为动词短语,故用副词mainly修饰。3.about句意:首先,它们关注社会热点。care about为固定搭配,意为“关心,关注”。故填about。4.is left句意:尽管它们有明显的亮点,但是提升的空间也很大。分析句子结构可知,room(空间)和leave之间为被动关系,故此处用被动语态。句子描述的是一般性事实,时态与上文保持一致,故用一般
34、现在时的被动语态。故填is left。-44-5.educational句意:首先,商业利益常常大于教育目的,从而引起人们对那些令人无法忍受的广告的诸多抱怨。设空处修饰名词purposes,应用形容词。故填educational,意为“有教育意义的”。6.unbearable根据句中的complaints可知,该空用bearable的反义词,在单词前加前缀un-。7.though/although/while句意:此外,尽管某些尖锐的评论很吸引眼球,但或许会误导年轻人。根据句意,设空处引导让步状语从句,可用though,although或while引导。8.entertaining句意:依我看,此类节目应该承担更多的责任而不仅仅是娱乐大众。分析句子结构可知,of为介词,故用动词-ing形式做宾语。-45-9.As句意:正如所期待的那样,这些节目应该在形式和功能上都起积极的作用。本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句,as意为“正如;正像”。10.media句意:同时,媒体也应该保护我们社会的价值观。表示“新闻媒体,传媒”这一总称应用the media,为固定表达。
