1、主谓一致所谓的主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。一、语法一致性原则v1.如果是each,another,onethe other,neither,either,everyone,everybody,everything,no one,someone,somebody,something,nothing,nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数v例如：1.No one_ absent.v 2._ everyone here?v 3.There are two books,one _ small,the other _ big.v 4.Either of the anwsers_right
2、.v 5.Each of us_(have)an English book.v 6.We each _ (have) an English book.isisisisishashavev2.each+名词 and each+名词，many a +名词 and many a + 名词，no +名词 and no +名词 ,every + 名词 and every + 名词 ,(这里的所有名词都为单数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.Many a student and many a teacher _(have) seen the film.v Many students_(be) her
3、e.v 2.Each girl and each boy_(be) praised at the meetings.v 3.No chair and no desk _(be) permitted to be taken out.hasareisisv3.A/This/That + kind/type of +不可数名词/可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数vOne of +名词复数，谓语动词用单数vA/This/That pair of + 名词复数，谓语动词用单数v名词+ of + this/that + kind/type 作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持一致。v例如：1.This kind of
4、apples_ highly priced.v Apples of this kind_ highly priced.v2.This pair of trousers_ his.v3.A pair of shoes_ under the bed.v My shoes _ under the bed.v4.One of them_ damaged.isareisisareisv4.more than one + 名词单数、many a + 名词单数、the number of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。va number of作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：1.Many a st
5、udent_ busy with his lessons.v2.The number of the students in our class_60.vA number of the students _(have) seen the film.v3.More than one person_injured in the accident yesterday.isishavewasv5.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等词作主语，用于表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.Fifteen minutes _ not enough.v2.Ten miles_ too much for him.v3
6、.Twentyfive dollars_ too much to pay for the coat.v4.Three pounds _ not enough.isisisisv6.不可数名词、动名词、动词不定式和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.Seeing_ believing.v2.To see _ believing.v3.To be here _ a happy thing.v4.Saving his life _ my duty.v5.Who will go there _ decided.isisisisisv7.由and连接的两个名词，指同一事物，同一人，同一概念作主语时
7、，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.Bread and butter _ their daily food.v2.The writer and artist _ known to us.v The writer and the artist_ known to us.v3.A cart(运货车 ) and horse_seen in the distance.isisareisv4.A knife and fork _used by him.v5.Early to the bed and early to rise_a good habit.isisv由and和bothand连接的两个并列成分作主语
8、时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：1.Both bread and butter _ popular with children.v2.The black and the white cat_asleep.v The black and white cat _asleep.v3.Water and air _ necessary to people.isarearearev由and连接的两个疑问词，接同一个动词不定式或同一个句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.Where to find him and how to find him _unknown to us.v2.How and why
9、he had to come to NewYork _ a story of success.isisv8.表示两数相加、两数相乘作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数又可用复数。v例如：1.Fifteen plus/and（加）five_ (make) twenty.v2.Five times(乘) six _ thirty.v表示两数相减、两数相除作主语时，谓语动词用单数。make/ makesis/arev例如：1.Fifteen divided(除以) by three _ five.v2.Five minus(减) two _ three.isisv9.both,few,a few,many,
10、several等词及所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：1.Both of the students/students _the best.v2.Few of my friends _ here.v3.A few/Several girls _ going to see a film.arearearev10.以“s”结尾的表示学科的名词(maths，physics，politics等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。二、逻辑一致性原则v1.当主语是all,most,half,part,the rest等词时，谓语动词取决于它所修饰的名词或所替代的名词的单复数。v例如：1.All _ ri
11、ght.v All _ present.v2.The rest of the book _ interesting.v The rest of books _ on sale.isareisarev3.Most of the wood _ used to make chairs.v Most of the man _ young people.v4.Half of the house _ damaged.v Half of the boys _ going to the library.isisarearev2. a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some of,all o
12、f修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v none of +可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。v none of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v（3）amount of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v（4）quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词均用复数。v（5）a quantity of + 可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v a quantity of + 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.There_ lots of people waiting outside.v
13、Lots of water _ going to be wasted.v2.Plenty of water _ needed everyone.v Plenty of books _ needed in our school.v3.None of my friends _ here.v None of the money _ left.areisareisisis/arev4.Amounts of work _(have) been fishined.v5.A quantity of food _ kept in the cave.v Quantities of food _ kept in
14、the cave.v6.A quantity of books _ sold out.v Quantities of books _ sold out.haveisarearearev3.family,crew(全体人员),audience,group,government,team,club,public,class,enemy(敌人),committee（委员会）等集体名词作主语，指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。指成员时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：1.Our class _ on the fourth floor.v Our class _ out.isarev2.The crew _ mad
15、e up of able man.v The crew _ busy with their work.v3.My family _ not largev My family _ watching TV.isisarearev4.people,youth(年轻人),cattle(牛的总成)，police(警察)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：1.The police _ searching for the lost child.v2.The cattle _ eating grass.arearev5.population 作为人口讲时，为集合名词，单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v 例如：Th
16、e population of China is large than that of Japan.v(2)如果population前有分数或百分数修饰作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v例如：Three fourths of the population are famers.v(3)形容人口多少用large/smallv 某地区的人口有多少，用has a population ofv 询问人口多少用Whats the population ofv6.如果主语的中心名词后有with, together with, as well as, along with, but, besides, excep
17、t, in addition to, not, rather than, more than, including, like(像),等，谓语动词取就远原则。v例如：1.The teacher with two students_ at the meeting.v2.She not I _going to see a doctor.isisv3.The girl as well as boys_（have） seen the film.v4.You rather than he_ punished yesterday.v5.No one but they_ my friends.haswere
18、isv7.（1）分数或百分数+不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v （2）分数或百分数+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v （3）one and a half + 名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v（4）one or two +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v（5）a/an + 名词单数 + or two作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。v例如：1.Three fourths of the surface on the earth _ sea.v2.Two thirds of the people _ against the plan.v3.One and a half
19、 apples _ a good meal for the beggar(乞丐 ).v4.One or two days _enough for the work.v5.A day or two _ enough for the work.isisisareare三、意义一致性原则v1.sheep,means,deer,Chinese,Japanese等单复数相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据其意义决定。v例如：1.One sheep _ enough.v Ten sheep _ missing.v2.Every means _ tried.v All means _ tried.isisare
20、are注意：如果means前有a,such a,this,that,every,each修饰时，谓语动词用单数，如果means前有both,all,these,those修饰时，谓语动词用复数。v2.the + adj./done/doing 表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数。表示事物作主语时，谓语动词用单数。v例如：1.The old _ taken good care of by the government.v2.The injured _ taken to hospital immediately.v3.The beautiful _(give) pleasures to all o
21、f us.arearegivesv3.(1)one of + 名词复数 + that/who + 谓语动词的复数形式v the only/very/just/last one of + 名词复数 + who/that + 谓语动词的单数形式。v例如：1.He is one of the students who _ praised.v2.He is the only one of the students who _ praised.areisv(2)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。v4.疑问词：which,what,who作主语时，根据意义决定谓语动词的单
22、复数。v例如：1.Which _ your room.v Which _ your rooms.v2.What I say and think_ out of your business.isarearev3.Who _ your brother.v Who _ your classmates.isarev5.在强调句中，强调主语时，谓语动词与被强调的部分保持一致。v例如：1.It was he that _ invited to the party.v2.It is I that _ your friend.wasamv6.such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其意义而定。v例如：1.Suc
23、h _ what he said.v2.She wants to have a big bed and many toys,such _ her wishes.wasare四、就近原则v1.Here/There + be/exist/live/stand/lie 连接几个主语时，谓语动词取就近原则。v例如：1.There _ a pen and two books.v There _ two books and a pen.v2.Here _ a pen and a few books.v Here _ a few books and a pen.isisarearev2.由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut连接两个主语时，谓语动词取就近原则。v例如：1.Not only he but also his parents _ at home.v2.Either you or I _ wrong.v3._ either you or I wrong?v4.Not you but I _ to answer for it.v5._ neither he nor I for the agreement.areamAreamIs
