1、谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态扎实的基础就是最好的技巧扎实的基础就是最好的技巧一一.时态时态 时间时间 时态时态 状态状态过去，现在，将来一般，进行，完成一般表事实；进行表过程，完成表结果一般表事实；进行表过程，完成表结果状态状态VS时间时间一般一般进行进行完成完成过去过去一般一般过去时过去时 过去过去进行时进行时 过去过去完成时完成时现在现在一般一般现在时现在时 现在现在进行时进行时 现在现在完成时完成时将来将来一般一般将来时将来时 将来将来进行时进行时 将来将来完成时完成时 根据历年高考考试大纲中的语法项目表，备考高考主要需要掌握英语16种时态中的以下11种： 一般现在时，一般过
2、去时，一般将一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时；现在进行时，过去进行时，来时；现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时；现在完成时，过去完将来进行时；现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时；过去将来时。成时，将来完成时；过去将来时。以以work一词为例，请同学写出它一词为例，请同学写出它在各种时态下的形式：在各种时态下的形式： 1.一般现在时一般现在时 work/works表示经常习惯性动作，或者客观事表示经常习惯性动作，或者客观事实和真理。实和真理。It rains a lot in summer in my hometown.标志词：often, usually,always, every week
3、/year/day, once a week, seldom, on Sundays. 2.一般过去时：一般过去时：worked表示过去发生完的动作或者结果，表示过去发生完的动作或者结果，不强调对现在的影响。不强调对现在的影响。标志词标志词：one day , yesterday, last week/year/month, just now, in1998, once upon a time,.ago, on that dayI bought a pair of shoes yesterday.标志词：tomorrow，soon, in the future, in two days/wee
4、ks. 3.一般将来时：一般将来时：will work be going to work表示以现在为起点说将来要发生的事情表示以现在为起点说将来要发生的事情I will pray for you.还有几种特殊的形式也表示将来时态：还有几种特殊的形式也表示将来时态：1.be going to+do表示：主观上已经决定、打算、准备要做的事。例如：I am going to buy a new car. 我打算买辆新车。某种迹象表明很可能发生的事情。例如：Dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain.乌云密布，要下雨了。2.be to+动词原型表示：动
5、词原型表示：约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。例如：We are to meet at the train station at four this afternoon. 我们计划今天下午四点在火车站见面 The sports meet is to take place on Sunday morning.运动会将在周日上午举行。3.be about to+动词原型，表示“不久将要，即将发生”，但是不能与tomorrow，next week等表示确切的将来时间状语连用。例如：The film is about to begin.电影马上就要开始了。4. 现在进行时现在进行时be do
6、ing表示一般将来表示一般将来 现在进行时可用来表示一个在最近现在进行时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或按计划或打算打算要进行的动作；通常带一个表将来的时间要进行的动作；通常带一个表将来的时间状语状语, 但有明确的上下文时无须指出时间。但有明确的上下文时无须指出时间。 能用进行时表将来的动词：能用进行时表将来的动词：go, come, leave, start, arrive, give, return, take, get, see off, travel, fly, reach, meet1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等等趋向动词趋向动词的现在进行的现在进行
7、时经常用于表示将来确切的时经常用于表示将来确切的计划计划。2) 表示交通方式、行程表示交通方式、行程安排安排的动词，例如的动词，例如 fly, walk, ride, drive, take (a bus, a taxi)等的现在进行时也经常用于等的现在进行时也经常用于表示将来。表示将来。I am leaving China in two hours.我将会在两个小时后离开中国。我将会在两个小时后离开中国。I am flying to Japan tomorrow.明天我会飞往日本。明天我会飞往日本。 The Browns _ (go) to the North China by train
8、next week. They _ (stay) in Beijing for a week. They _ (go) to Xian. They _ (get) there by air.are going are stayingare goingare gettingExercise 1Travel Plan1. 我星期五动身去北京。2. 我的朋友今晚过来。3. 下周五我们乘飞机去上海。4. 下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。 Exercise 2用现在进行时翻译下列句子。用现在进行时翻译下列句子。 V.leave / gocomeplayfly1.我星期五动身去北京。我星期五动身去北京。Im
9、leaving for Beijing this Friday.2. 我的朋友今晚过来。我的朋友今晚过来。My friends are coming over this evening.3. 下周五我们乘飞机去上海。下周五我们乘飞机去上海。 We are flying to Shanghai next Friday.4. 下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。 After class we are playing football on the playground.leave / gocomeflyplay典型例题典型例题 Ladies and gentlemen, ple
10、ase fasten your seat belt. The plane_(2006福建)。 A takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off4.3(2011济南市二模）-Have you broken the news to Jim?-Oh, no. I forgot. I _ him now.A. will call B. am calling C. callD. called Where is the morning paper? I _ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C
11、. am to get D. will getD Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mom. A.am taking B. have taken C. will take D. will have taken 4.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are working表示现在正在发生的动作。表示现在正在发生的动作。标志词：now，right now， at the moment, look! listen!The dog is sleeping now. 5.过去进行时：过去进行时： was/were working 表示
12、过去正在发生的动作。表示过去正在发生的动作。标志词：at that time, at that moment, then, at this time yesterdayMy dog was watching TV when you called me yesterday. 6.将来进行时：将来进行时： will be doing表示将来要正在进行的动作。表示将来要正在进行的动作。 表示过去发生的动作到现在为止已经表示过去发生的动作到现在为止已经完成。完成。标志词标志词：since，for+一段时间，recently，already，yet, so far, up to now, for the
13、 past few years, in the last few years7.现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has done经典例句！经典例句！I havent seen you for a long time since you left China. Jay Chou has won many awards. 8.过去完成时：过去完成时： had done表示一般过去时之前发生的表示一般过去时之前发生的动作动作They had eaten something before they arrived at the hotel.过去的过去过去的过去 9.将来完成时：将来完成时： will
14、 have done表示将来要完成的动作表示将来要完成的动作By the year of 2023, the house price will have increased by 15percent.附加时态附加时态1：过去将来时：过去将来时： would do表示以过去为起点，说将来表示以过去为起点，说将来要发生的动作。要发生的动作。 The teacher told us that he_ us a test two days later. A. will give B. is giving C. had given D. would give She said that she _ a
15、famous movie star when she grew up. A. will become B. become C. would become D. had become例题：He suddenly remembered that he_ his key at home.A. had left B. was leavingC. has left D. would leave (2012上海春季上海春季) 29. Before I began this job, I _ a baby sitter for two years. A. have been B. was C. would
16、be D. had beenD John promised his doctor he _again, and he has never smoked ever since. (2008北京) Ahadnt smoke B. didnt smoke C. wouldnt smoke D. hasnt smoked 2.The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels.(2008北京) Awas staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 附加时态附加时态2：现在完成进行
17、时：现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 例句：He has been working in the factory for two years. 现在完成时现在完成时VS现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 例题：(2010江苏23） -You look tired ,whats up? -Well, I_ the house all day. I must finish it before tonight. A.has painted B. painted C.was painting D .has been painting (10湖南） Im tired out. I _ a
18、ll afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shoppingD (2012江西卷)26. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleanedD.has been cleaningC We _ on this project for four hours. Lets h
19、ave a rest and go on. A. was working B. have been working C. worked D. have workedB . I _ English for five years now. (M80) Awas studying Bhave been studying Cstudied Dam studying二二.时态题的解题方法和思路时态题的解题方法和思路1.看时态标志词：看时态标志词： 1.1Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(2009安徽卷） A.
20、 are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying (2012辽宁，31） I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flownI feel so excited! By this time tomorrow morning I_to Shanghai.A. will be flying B. will have f
21、lown C. have been flying D. have flown 1.2.Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet 1.3.We_ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names. (2006上海春) Adont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D .hadnt met （2010山东）Up to now, the program _thou
22、sands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be C So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
23、A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen 1.4.We _ each other since she left the hometown. A.hadnt seen B.havent seen C.saw D.see现在完成时现在完成时+since+一般过去时一般过去时 2.0The book has been translated into thirty languages since it_ on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes 1.8Have you known Dr.J
24、ackson for a long time? Yes， since he _ the Chinese Society. A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined 1.5The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changedBThe country life1.6（2010江西30). Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since
25、 her marriage to Father. A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering (2012全国II)18. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. A. told B.has told C. has been telling D. will have toldc 1.7(05山东）25. The number of foreign students attending Chinese univers
26、ities _ rising steadily since 1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been The numberno sooner.than刚一。就。刚一。就。 We didnt know about the accident, because we no sooner_than it happened.A. have left B. had leftC. left D. would leaveno sooner 过去完成时过去完成时 than一般过去时一般过去时hardly.when刚一。就刚一。就 We were so lucky,
27、because we hardly_ home when it rained heavily. A. arrived B. had arrived C. will arrive D. arrivehardly 过去完成时过去完成时when一般过去时一般过去时填写词的正确形式填写词的正确形式1. I hardly _(go) when she came to look for me.2. We no sooner_(hear) the news than the TV showed to us.3. I had hardly spent all my money when my mother _
28、(want) to borrow some money from me.had gonehad heardwantedwas/were doing+when+一般过去时I _(sleep) in my room when somebody started to shout outside.was sleeping某人正在做。突然。某人正在做。突然。2. 主将从现原则主将从现原则If there _ (be ) no water ,there _ (be ) no living things on the earth .iswill be We will start as soon as our
29、 team leader _ . (M81) A. comes Bwill come Ccome Dis coming3.1（2005全国28)What will you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on，since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析：状语从句中主将从现原则！ 2012济南市一模 Jane, have you finished your fashion design yet? No， Ill finish it
30、if I_ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C.will give D.will be given -Do you have any questions if you _ the job? Well， I am thinking about the salary.（薪水，工资）（薪水，工资） A. offer B. are offered C. will offer D. will be offeredB If I _ free next Sunday, I_ to the farm with you. A. will be, will go B.
31、am, will go C. will be, go D. be, go （10四川16）When shall we restart our business? Not until we_ our plan. A. will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D. have finished 注意：情态动词也表示将来意思！ -Mom, can I play the game too? -I am afraid not, you can when you _ older. A. will get B. get C.got D. would get主情从
32、现主情从现You shall get the money if you _the task in a week. A. will complete B. complete C. are completing D.completed （10浙江5） If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelons in the fall. A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eatingD (08全国全国II14) If their marketing plans suc
33、ceed, they_ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasingA3.主过从过原则主过从过原则 (2012辽宁卷)35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid(2012山东卷)34. The mana
34、ger was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 总结：原句的既定时态是过去时，选总结：原句的既定时态是过去时，选 项也应该向过去时态靠拢。项也应该向过去时态靠拢。(2013山东)24. I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 4.分析语
35、境分析语境 根据标志词和固定句型并不是万标志词和固定句型并不是万能的能的，近几年高考试题考察结合语境语境选择合适的时态的题目越来越多，因此考生应该学会细心体会所给的语境，综合考虑选择正确答案。 2012江西卷)26. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleanedC有有for+一段时间一段时间不一定不一定选现在选现在完成时完成时 (2012天津卷)The three of us_around Europe fo
36、r about a month last summer. A. travelled B. have travelled C. had travelled D. travel选过去完成时符合两个条件：选过去完成时符合两个条件：1.原句有过去原句有过去时；时；2.发生在原句这个过去时之前发生在原句这个过去时之前 (2012湖南卷湖南卷) 33. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I_ the piano for years. A. dont play B.
37、 wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt playedC 4.2.(2009四川） -You speak very good French! Thanks. I_ French in Sichuan University for four years. A studied B. study C. will study D. had studied选过去完成时符合两个条件：选过去完成时符合两个条件：1.原句有过去原句有过去时；时；2.发生在原句这个过去时之前发生在原句这个过去时之前 2.He_football regularly for many year
38、s when he was young.(2008天津) Aplayed B. was playing C .has played D .had played (08陕西6）The moment I got home, I found I_ my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leavingA 2011山东35.She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything!A. had been eating B.
39、had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eatingB I didnt know what_ while I was asleep. A. had happened B. happened C. was happened D. happenB (2012重庆卷)22. Kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. takeB (09山东）I was out of
40、 town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it_. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. had happenedB 2011山东31.When I got on the bus ,I_I had left my wallet at home. A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realizeB (2012山东卷山东卷)28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working o
41、n his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts C -Have you gotten any job offers? -No. I_(2008辽宁) Awaited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting (10北京北京24）Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends_ for us. A.will wait B.wait C.have waited D.are waitingD 2. -Did
42、 you see a man in black pass by just now? -No, sir. I _ a newspaper. (2007四川) Aread B. was reading C. would read D. am reading I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. Impossible.She_ TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watchingD I call
43、ed Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time!( 2008湖南) Awas talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked-Why dont you invite Sally to the hiking?-Sally? No way! She_ outdoor activities.A. hated B. hates C. will hateD. has hated My
44、parents are Hongkong people, they _in Hongkong and have never lived anywhere else before.A. live B. were living C. will be livingD. lived时态完！时态完！二二.语态语态 一动词的被动语态形式表示的就是： 主语是谓语动作的承受者。 形式：be done，be 动词后面的动词是及物动词或者及物动词短语。 二高考十大重点时态下被动语态的具体形式：时态类型时态类型 被动形式（以动被动形式（以动词词build为例）为例） 典型例句典型例句 一般现在时一般现在时am/is
45、/are built A new railway is built. 一般过去时一般过去时was/were built A new railway was built in 1700 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall be built A new railway will be built in one year. 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are being built A new railway is being built at present. 过去进行时过去进行时was/were being built A new railway was being built the
46、n. 将来进行时将来进行时will be being done A new railway will be being built this time next year. 现在完成时现在完成时has/have been built A new railway has been built recently 过去完成时过去完成时had been built A new railway had been built before 1990. 将来完成时将来完成时will have been done A new railway will have been built by the year 2
47、012. 过去将来时过去将来时would be built The chairman said that a new railway would be built soon. 1.This dictionary _ next year. Apublished Bwill be published C. were published Dis published 2My pictures _ until next week. Awont develop Barent developing Cdont develop Dwont be developed (08北京北京29）No decision
48、_ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been madeA现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态基本用法：基本用法：1. 表示现在正在进行的被动动作。表示现在正在进行的被动动作。e.g.Mary is being interviewed now.My car is being repaired now. Whats the matter?2. 表现阶段正在进行的被动动作。表
49、现阶段正在进行的被动动作。The disease is being studied at present by scientists. The life of the panda is being studied at present . Practice 1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _now. A. has being questioned B. is questioning C. has questioned D.
50、is being questioned2. A new cinema _ here at present . They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built3. I dont know what time it is now. My watch _ . A. is repairing B. has been repaired C. is being repaired D. has repaired4. With more forests bei
