1、倒装句倒装句 英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（叫完全倒装（full inversionfull inversion）；）；而只而只将将be be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial partial inversioninversion）。）。 一
2、、完全倒装 (1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 1.Here is the seat for you. 2.There goes the bell. 3.Now comes your turn. 4.Then followed three days of heavy rain. (2)在在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain、stand等等)句型中。句型中。 1.There are at least thousands of people in the square
3、. 2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate. (3)在象声词或以在象声词或以out、in、up、down、away等副词开头的句子里。等副词开头的句子里。 1.Crackle，crackle,crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened. 2. Out rushed the children. (4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。 1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful
4、 lake. 2.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 3.East of the lake lie two towns. 4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 在上述四种句子中，如果主语为在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。人称代词，则不需要倒装。 e.g. In he came and back e.g. In he came and back he went again. he went again. 二、部分倒装二、部分倒
5、装 (1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时。或状语从句时。 1.only then did he find it important to get along with others. 2.Only in this way can we make great progress. 3.Only after he came back were you able to see him. (2)(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, not, never, har
6、dly, seldom, rarely, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely scarcely 以及以及not until, no not until, no sooner,.than, sooner,.than, hardly.when, .no.hardly.when, .no.等。等。 1. 1. Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. 2.Hardly had I arrived home when the
7、phone rang. 2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang. 3.Not until I began to work did I realize how 3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.(MET90)much time I had wasted.(MET90) 4.At no time have I said such a thing. 4.At no time have I said such a thing. 5.Not a
8、finger did I lay on him. 5.Not a finger did I lay on him. 6.To few people does such an 6.To few people does such an opportunity occur. opportunity occur. 但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消，此时则不需要倒装。名词所抵消，此时则不需要倒装。 1. 1.Not a leaf had fallen from the t
9、rees Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced. though autumn was well advanced. 2.In no time the locusts came clown and 2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything. started eating everything. 3.Not infrequently they go abroad. 3.Not infrequently they
10、 go abroad.(3)在省去在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。 1.Should I be free this afternoon,I would come and help you with your lesson. 2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job. 3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 我们可以说我们可以说Were it not.或者或者Had it not been.,但不
11、可以说但不可以说Weren t it. 或者或者hadnt it been. .因此下列句子应视为病句。因此下列句子应视为病句。 Werent it for his wifes money, he would never be a director. (4)(4)在在So .that, to such.that So .that, to such.that 或者或者in such .thatin such .that的句型中。的句型中。 1. 1.So excited was he that heSo excited was he that he couldn couldnt say a t
12、say a word.word. 2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal 2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. that two actors walked out. 3.In such a hurry did the man rush out that 3.In such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down. he almost knocked me down. (
13、5)当当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。一人（或物）时。 I trusted him completely. So would anyone who knew him. 在在So it is (was)with 的句型或者当的句型或者当So表示表示“的确的确如此，确实是这样如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。 1.Jack studies German, but he doesnt study French. So it is with
14、 Jim. 2.“Its going to be a cold winter.” “Yes, So the newspaper says.” 3.Li Ping studies hard. So he does. 因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。 You say Tom went to the ball yesterday. So he did, and so did I. (6) 当当neither nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时
15、候。候。 1.“I didnt mean what I said, you know.” “Neither (Nor) did I”. 2.I dont know. Neither (Nor) do I care. 注意注意Neither nor的特殊用法。的特殊用法。 1.Just as I havent good eyes, so neither has my son, neither have my children.(当当just as.,so.用于否定句用于否定句时，只用时，只用neither.) 2.If he doesnt go, neither will I. （在在if条件句
16、后用来条件句后用来引起一个主句时，只能用引起一个主句时，只能用 Neither.） 3.You cant do it, nor can I, nor can anybody else.（连续多次否定，常用连续多次否定，常用nor）。）。 (7)(7)当方式状语、频度状语等提当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒装。装。 1. 1.Well do I remember the Well do I remember the day that I saw a terrible day that I saw a terrible accident on tha
17、t road. accident on that road. 2.Many a time has he 2.Many a time has he given me good advice. given me good advice. （8 8）用于）用于“形容词（或名词、动形容词（或名词、动词）词）”+”+as(though) as(though) 引导的让步状语从引导的让步状语从句中句中Pretty as she is , she is not Pretty as she is , she is not clever.clever.Try as he would, he might fail
18、 Try as he would, he might fail again.again.Child as he was, he had to make a Child as he was, he had to make a living.living.注：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加注：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词任何冠词(9)有时为了平衡句子的需要，有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重脚轻之感。以避免头重脚轻之感。 1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society. 2.Such are the rewards that alw
19、ays crown virtue.(Shakespeare) 在以上各类句型中，如果谓语在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有系动词动词只有系动词bebe，则这类句则这类句子应属于全倒装。子应属于全倒装。 So small was the mark that I could So small was the mark that I could hardly see it hardly see it 巧记倒装句巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜可者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜
20、可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。前倒后不，前倒后不， O O，NUNU主倒从不倒，主倒从不倒，2 2N N前倒后也倒，前倒后也倒， NMNM前后均不倒。前后均不倒。 NB代表代表Not only，but also引导的并列句。引导的并列句。 not only位于句首位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒前倒后不倒后不倒”。如：。如： 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy 2）Not only was everythi
21、ng that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）O O代表代表onlyonly状语从句；状语从句；NUNU代表代表Not untilNot until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒主倒从不倒”。如：。如：1 1）Only when he told me did I know itOnly when he told me did I know it2 2）Not until I be
22、gan to work did I Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedrealize how much time I had wastedNo soonerNo soonerthanthan，HardlyHardlyScarcelyScarcelywhenwhen等句型也属此类用法。如：等句型也属此类用法。如：No soonerNo sooner（HardlyHardly） had we reached home had we reached home thanthan（whenwhen）it b
23、egan to rainit began to rain2 2N N代表代表NeitherNeithernornor所引导所引导的并列句。的并列句。2 2N N若位于两分句之首，若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后前倒后也倒也倒”。如：。如：Neither do I know her nameNeither do I know her name，nor does he.nor does he.NM即即No matter引导的状语从句。引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即即“前后均不倒前后均不倒”。如：。如：No mat
24、ter how busy he is，he always comes to help us倒装句中倒装句中主谓何时不倒装主谓何时不倒装在需要倒装的种种句型中，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，大致可归纳如下几种： 1.1.疑问句中，如果疑问词作主疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，主谓不倒装。语或主语的修饰语，主谓不倒装。如：如： What happened to herWhat happened to her？ 她出了什么事？她出了什么事？ How many persons are How many persons are working in that laboratoryworking i
25、n that laboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？ 2.在以在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副词开头的句子中，如等副词开头的句子中，如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装。如：装。如： Away he went to the station.他到车站去了。他到车站去了。 Here she comes.她来了。她来了。 3.3.如果置于句首的由如果置于句首的由onlyonly引导的引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。如：谓不倒装。如： Only th
26、e teachers are Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.allowed to use this room. 只有教师可以使用这个房间。只有教师可以使用这个房间。 Only some of the children Only some of the children like English.like English. 只有一些孩子喜欢英语只有一些孩子喜欢英语。 4.如果置于句首的如果置于句首的 not onlybut also仅连接作主语仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。不倒装。如：如
27、： Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law.新法新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿童也有影响。童也有影响。 5.把副词性替代词把副词性替代词so提前，如果两提前，如果两句的主语相同，且后者只是进一步句的主语相同，且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者，肯定或强调前者，so后面的语序不后面的语序不倒装。如：倒装。如： Its raining.下雨了。下雨了。 So it is.是下雨了。是下雨了。 Bob didnt know about it. So he didnt. 鲍勃不知
28、道这件事。鲍勃不知道这件事。 他确实不知道。他确实不知道。 6.以以 so开头的句型，如果是开头的句型，如果是so it is（was） with+另一主语，此时，另一主语，此时，主语和谓语不倒装。如：主语和谓语不倒装。如： Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels. 马克思出生在德国，德语是他马克思出生在德国，德语是他的母语，恩格斯也是如此。的母语，恩格斯也是如此。 1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come
29、 to a sound conclusion.a. can you b. you can c. would you d. you would2. _ that this region was so rich in natural resources.a. Little he knew b. Little did he knowc. Little he did know d. Little he had known3. Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.a. Alfred E. Smit
30、h seriously sought b. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtc. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek d. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek4. Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.a. people have b. since people have c. have people d. peop
31、le who have5. _, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.a. What may come b. Come what may c. May what come d. What come6. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.a. that he turned b. did he turn c. he didnt turn d. he had turned 7. _ received law degrees
32、as today.a. Never so women have b. The women arent everc. Women who have never d. Never have so many women8. Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, _.a. so does a liquid b. so a liquid does c. as does a liquid d. so is a liquid9. On no account _ to anyone.a. my
33、 name must be mentioned b. must my name mentionc. must my name be mentioned d. my name must mention10. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.a. Such construction robots are clever b. So clever the construction robots arec. So clever are the
34、construction robots d. Such clever construction robots are11. _ do we go for picnics.a. Certainly b. Sometimes c. Seldom d. Once12. _ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.a. Either b. Often c. Nor d. Usually13. Her answer is not acceptable, and
35、 _.a. neither am I b. either is mine c. neither is mine d. mine is neither14. _, I must do another experiment.a. Be it ever so late b. It is ever so latec. It be ever so late d. So late it be ever15. So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.a. light travel b. travels the light c. d
36、o light travel d. does light travel16. A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, _ be easily suppressed.a. nor it can b. nor can it c. it cannot d. and cannot it17. _ notebook and report that I promised you last week.a. Here is the b. Here are the c. Is here the d. Are here the18. _ a little more ti
37、me to think, he might have acted more sensibly.a. If he took b. If he has taken c. had he taken d. Should he take19. Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.a. the earth lay b. the earth lies c. lie the earth d. lies the earth20. _ the beginning of the 19th century did scie
38、ntists know that all matter is made up of atoms.a. At b. By c. Up to d. Not until 21. Hardly _ he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.a. had when b. hadthan c. didwhen d. hasthan22. Among these books _ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.a. h
39、ave included b. is included c. has included d. are included23. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; _ is this more true than in Europe.a. nowhere b. hardly c. little d. seldom24. Important _ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in hi
40、s time.a. to b. for c. as d. although25. According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.a. there seem to be b. it seems c. it seems to be d. here seems26. Here _ you want to see.a. the manager comes b. comes the managerc. comes a manager d. is coming a manager27. Barry can hardl
41、y drive a car, _.a. so cant Molly b. cant Molly either c. Molly cant too d. neither can Molly28. _ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.a. Had not it been b. Had it not been c. There was d. Is there29. _ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.a. Were there b. T
42、here are c. There was d. Is there30. Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.a. the computer can memorize b. can the computer memorize c. do the computer memorize d. can memorize the computer31.Notonce_hisviewoflife.a.didthegentlemanmentionb.thegentlemanmentionedthatc.thegentle
43、manmentionedd.doesgentlemanmentioned32.Bynomeans_theirownlanguagewell.a.itistruethatallEnglishpeopleknowb.isittruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowc.itistruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowd.isittruethatallEnglishpeopleknow33.Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan_.a.doliquidsandsolidsb.liquidsandsolidsdoc.dothos
44、eofliquidsandsolidsd.thosedoofliquidsandsolids34.Theworldsbirthratesareonadeclineand_arethedeathrates.a.sob.alsoc.tood.thesame35._isthevolumeofchemicalgoods.a.Constantlygrowingtoob.Tooconstantlygrowingc.Growingconstanttod.Toogrowingconstant36. Many a time _ me with my English study.a. have he helped
45、 b. has he helped c. he have helped d. did he have helped37. Typical of the new type of young people _, who set a shining example to the whole nation.a. was Lei Feng b. Were Lei Feng c. Lei Feng was d. Lei Feng were38. What Mr. Smith did was important , but _. a. more important the way of he did thi
46、ngs wasb. the way of he did things was more importantc. more important was the way he did thingsd. more important the way were he did things39. She didnt want to buy it, _.a. however good was it b. however good it wasc. for how good might it be d. for how good it might be40. _ , it is always possibl
47、e to find out its volume.a. Whatever the shape of a body may beb. The shape of a body may be whateverc. May whatever the shape of a body bed. Whatever may the shape of a body be41.Iwontpay$20forthecoat;itsnotworth_.a.allthatmuchb.thatmuchallc.thatallmuchd.muchallthat42.Hotairaccompaniedbyhighrelativ
48、ehumidityfeelswarmerthan_.a.isitactuallyb.itactuallyisc.actuallyitisd.actuallyisit43.Qingdaoisusuallycoolinsummer,butNanjing_.a.israrelyb.scarcelyisc.hardlyisd.rarelyis44.David,somethingimportanthashappened.Iwishto_.a.talkitoverwithyoub.talkoveritc.talkoverd.talkyouoverit45._,morethan200housesandbui
49、ldingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion.a.Aloneinthesmalltownb.Inthesmallalonetownc.Inthesmalltownaloned.Inthealonesmalltown46. Geysers are found new near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil _.a. surface below the deep b. deep below the surfacec. the deep b
50、elow surface d. the deep surface below47. The wallflower _ because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.a. so called is b. so is called c. is so called d. called is so48. The history of painting is a fascination chain of evens that probably began with _.a. ever made
