1、Unit 6 Earth first Presenting ideas一、单句语法填空1.He decided to devote the rest of his life _scientific investigation.2.As soon as the cake is done, remove it _the oven.3.He was reduced _begging for a living.4.He was cheated into believing that he was an _(adopt) son.5.He asked _(permit) to leave the roo
2、m.二、阅读理解Trees,some of the tallest in the world,towered above Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues each morning as they walked deep into the rainforest in the Maliau Basin in Bomeo,where they had set up a set of experiments to look at the ecological effects of small creatures:termites(白蚁). Termites ge
3、t a bum rap.They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U S.And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions,simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbon-rich materials.A whole industr
4、y is aiming at killing them. But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems.Scientists have known for years that in tropical(热带的)forests,termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood,keeping the fallen material under control and letting nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be
5、 used by other plants,insects,and animals.But they didnt know exactly how important the insects were in keeping the forest healthy and functional,so they removed termites from a particular spot in the forest and saw how it responded. As luck would have it.Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues started
6、their experiment when the forest was hit by an extreme drought(干旱).During the non-drought years,they saw there wasnt much difference between the normal plots and the ones where theyd removed the termites.But during the drought,the effects were marked.What they found was unexpected:in the termite-ric
7、h areas,the soil stayed slightly wet,more tree seedlings sprouted(抽芽),and the system was full of activity despite the long,hard dry spell. For Griffiths,it was only because they happened to study the drought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system,she pointed out.“And
8、that rings alarm bells in my head,” she said,“because it makes me think,well,what else dont we know?If we start damaging biological communities,we dont know what that will do.”1.Which of the following best explains “a bum rap” underlined in Paragraph 2?A.Unfair blame.B.Wide popularity.C.Public atten
9、tion.D.Special preference.2.What have scientists learned about termites?A.They do serious harm to tropical rainforest.B.They contribute a lot to the ecosystem they live in.C.They act as food for other plants,insets and animals.D.They speed up the loss of nutrition in the rainforest.3.What can we inf
10、er from the finding of Griffiths experiment?A.Termites benefit more from the forest during the drought.B.Termites prefer drought years to non-drought ones.C.Termites help rainforest survive climate change.D.Termites enjoy eating tree seedlings during the drought.4.What does Griffiths tell us in the
11、last paragraph?A.Termites are now in danger of extinction.B.We should think twice before damaging a species.C.Termites damage biological communities.D.We should study the drought to improve the system.三、阅读填句What Is Particulate Matter?There are things floating around in the air.Most of them, you cann
12、ot even see.They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter.In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects peoples health.Have a Look.Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets.1 These groups
13、differ in many ways.One of the differences is size. We call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.BIG.The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair).These particles are called PM 10 (we say “PM ten”, which sta
14、nds for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size).2SMALL.The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair).3 We say “PM two point five”, as in Particulate Matter up to 2.5 micrometers in size.The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air l
15、onger and travel farther.PM 10 (big) particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 (small) particles can stay in the air for days or weeks.And travel?4 PM 2.5 particles go even farther many hundreds of miles.Particulate Matter and Your Health.Both PM 10 (big) and PM 2.5 (small) par
16、ticles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health.When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles that are in the air, like heavy metals and cancer-causing organic compounds.5 Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to
17、the doctor or the emergency room.A.These particles are called PM 2.5.B.We divide particles into two major groups.C.These particles cause less severe health effects.D.Air pollution is a growing problem in the whole world.E.PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM 10.F.PM 10 particles c
18、an travel as little as a hundred yards or as much as 30 miles.G.Both visible and invisible air pollutants have great effects on our environment, our health, and the quality of our lives.四、读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Sara remembers one special Easter when she was nine years old.Her paren
19、ts gave her a baby duckling in a yellow basket.“Mom said later that she bought the little duck because she felt sorry for it,” recalled Sara.The people at the pet store coloured the feathers pink for Easter.Sara named the duck Pinky.Saras mother really didnt think the baby duck would survive very lo
20、ng.But to her surprise,Pinky grew and got stronger and stronger.Soon,the little duckling was a healthy,hungry duck with white feathers.“We fed Pinky oatmeal,cooked and uncooked,and small pieces of vegetables,” said Sara.Pinky lived inside the house with Sara and her family.She specially fancied taki
21、ng baths with Sara.Everyone treated Pinky as a family member.But just when everything appeared to be perfect,the night of the “talk” came.Saras mom and dad sat her down,explaining that the best thing for Pinky was to live a normal duck life,with other ducks.It was not natural for ducks to live indoo
22、rs with a family,her father told her.He added Pinky needed to swim in ponds and do all the same things that ducks in the wild do.Sara started to cry,knowing what was going to happen.Saras parents decided to take Pinky to a park,which was two miles away.There was a pond with a lot of other ducks.Pink
23、y would have the chance to live a natural life and Sara could still visit her.The big day came.Sara and her parents put Pinky in a box and drove to the park.Sara said that Pinky did not look happy; maybe Pinky was convinced that she was a human not a duck.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Everyone was sad when they le
24、ft Pinky at the pond,even Saras father.The next morning,when looking out of the kitchen window,Sara couldnt believe her eyes!一、单句语法填空1.to。句意:他决定把他的余生奉献给科学研究。2.from。句意:蛋糕一烤好,就把它从烤箱里拿出来。3.to。句意:他沦落到乞讨为生。4.adopted。句意:他被欺骗,误以为自己是养子。5.permission。句意:他请求允许离开房间。二、阅读理解1.A。词义猜测题。由第二段第二、三句(它们因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的财产而
25、成为头条新闻。它们对全球大约百分之二的碳排放负有责任,这仅仅是因为它们数量众多,而且喜欢咀嚼富含碳的材料。)所以以上都在说明白蚁受到了不公正的指责。A.Unfair blame不公正的指责;B.Wide popularity广泛受欢迎;C.Public attention公众关注;D.Special preference特别的偏爱。故A选项正确。2.B。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知,多年以来,科学家们已经知道,在热带雨林中,白蚁啃食落叶和枯木,控制掉落的物质,并让枯木中的营养物质重新回到生态系统中,供其他植物、昆虫和动物使用。所以关于白蚁,科学家们了解到它们为它们所生活的生态系统做出了很大的
26、贡献。故B选项正确。3.C。推理判断题。由第四段最后两句“但在干旱期间,这些影响是很显著的。他们的发现出乎意料:在白蚁多的地区,土壤仍保持轻微的湿润,更多的树苗发芽,尽管经历了漫长而艰苦的干旱期,周围的生态系统仍然充满活力。”可推知,白蚁帮助雨林在气候变化时得以生存。故C选项正确。4.B。段落大意题。由最后一段内容(她指出,对格里菲斯来说,只是因为他们碰巧研究了干旱,他们才能够发现白蚁对生态系统的真正重要性。“这在我脑海中敲响了警钟,”她说,“因为它让我想,我们还不知道什么?如果我们开始破坏生物群落,我们不知道会发生什么。)所以判断出格里菲斯在最后一段告诉我们,在破坏一个物种之前,我们应该三思
27、而后行。故B选项正确。三、阅读填句1.B。根据空格后面These groups differ in many ways.One of the differences is size. We call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.可知,我们可以把这些颗粒分为the bigger和the smaller两类。2.C。空格前提到了PM 10的相关知识,后面理所当然应提到它对人类健康的影响,且在第一段就已经提到了颗粒物会对人类的健康造成影响,所以选C。3.A。根据上文The small part
28、icles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers可知答案。4.F。空格前提到And travel? 空格后面PM 2.5 particles go even farthermany hundreds of miles.综合可知,空格处应该提到PM 10可以漂浮到多远。5.E。本段主要讲颗粒物对人类健康造成影响,根据前面两段对PM10和PM2.5的介绍以及后文(暴露于颗粒物会导致更多的药物使用和更多的就诊医生或急诊室。)可知PM2.5对健康的影响比PM10更严重;故选E。四、读后续写Everyone was sad when they left Pinky at th
29、e pond,even Saras father.But he tried to convince Sara that Pinky was fine.Walking towards the car,Sara looked over her shoulder and saw Pinky standing alone.The other ducks were swimming around in circles,looking at Pinky.To Sara,it seemed that they were trying to identify the strange animal.They d
30、idnt recognise Pinky as a duck.Worried about Pinky,Sara dreamed of Pinky being bullied by other ducks the whole night.The next morning,when looking out of the kitchen window,Sara couldnt believe her eyes! There was Pinky,happily walking around on the grass.Thrilled at what she saw,she kept asking he
31、rself,“How did she make it?” After all,it was two miles away and she managed to walk back through the city street.Incredible!But her parents drove Pinky back to the pond again regardless of her request.The following morning,there was Pinky again on the grass!Seeing Pinky again,her father,waving his arms about wildly,moved his lips without saying anything.Meanwhile,Sara,overjoyed,hugged Pinky tightly,tears streaming down her cheeks.第14页（共14页）学科网（北京）股份有限公司
