1、Grammar:动词不定式作定语和结果状语一 、动词不定式作定语 (1)不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。 We need someone to help with the work.(someone will help with the work) 我们需要有人来帮忙做这工作。 动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。 I have many letters to write.(to write many letters)我有许多信要写。 同位关系 不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。 We have made a plan to l
2、earn from Lei Feng. 我们制订了一个向雷锋学习的计划。 状语关系 被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词是抽象名词。 .Thats the way to do it.那样做才对。 I have no time to go there.我没有时间去那儿。(2) 不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时， 其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。 I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找个房间住。 I need a piece of paper to write on.我需要一张写字用的纸。
3、There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。 不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式后的介词一般要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。(3)当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比： There is nothing to do.无事可做。（有“无聊感”） There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。（即“束手无策”了） There is nothing to see.没有东西值得看
4、。 There is nothing to be seen. 什么东西也看不见。拓：不定式作定语的几种情况：在chance,way,opportunity等名词后，既可用动词不定式，又可用“介词of+v.-ing”作定语。Im glad to have the opportunity to talk/of talking to you about biology. 我很高兴能有机会和你谈一谈生物学。 在ability,failure,promise,wish,tendency等名词后，通常用动词不定式作定语。 We have the ability to deal with any aggre
5、ssive behavior 我们有能力应对任何挑衅的行为。 The bosss promise to increase the workers pay was a reaction to their demand. 老板答应提高工人们的工资，这是对他们要求的一个回应。 当被修饰的名词或代词前有序数词修饰时，该名词或代词后也用动词不定式作后置定语。 In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up and wipe tables and chairs. 在我家，妈妈总是第一个起床擦拭桌椅的人。动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作结果
6、状语的几种情况： 动词不定式表示结果时通常用基本形式且总是出现在句尾，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn,find,see,hear,be told,make(使得）等动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。 I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。【误区警示】 only to do 结构表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left
7、他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。 分词与不定式都可以作结果状语，但不定式经常表示一种出乎意料的、令人不快的情况，而分词表示的是自然而然的结果。 His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 他父母双亡，成了一名孤儿。 enough to do 结构 The boy is old enough to take care of himself. 这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。 . 写出划线部分所作成分 1. His ambition to become the world swimming champion was understandable.
8、 (定语) 2. Do you have anything to be taken there? (定语) 3. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. (结果状语) 4. Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time? (定语) 5. The Arab woke up to find that his camel had put his head inside the tent. (结果状语) 6. She was too young to understand that. 结果状语. 完成句子1. We found a way to solve this problem. 我们找到了解决这个问题的方法。2. Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired? 能告诉我哪辆车需要修理吗? 3. The girl was kind enough to help the old man. 那个女孩很善良, 帮助了那位老人。
