1、定语从句难点考点总结定语从句难点考点总结这是我的杯子这是我的杯子这是装满茶水的杯子。这是装满茶水的杯子。 这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时， 就用短语；就用短语； 如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。This is my cup.This is the cup full of tea.This is the cup which I drink tea with.修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧在它所修饰的先行词之后定语从句一般紧在它
2、所修饰的先行词之后被被定语从句定语从句修饰修饰的的词词叫先行词。叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中作成份先行词在定语从句中作成份引导引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词在定语从句中作成份关系词在定语从句中作成份。所以所以 1.1.先行词先行词= =关系词；关系词； 2.2.先行词先行词+ +定语从句（关系词定语从句（关系词+ +剩余部分）剩余部分）关关系系词词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that , which, who, whom, whose, as When, where, why 引导引导定语从句定语从句 代替代替先行词先行词 在定语在定语从句中从句中做一个成分做一个成
3、分The man who is shaking handswith my father is a policeman.Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine which/that you asked for. 如何选择关系词如何选择关系词？Step 1 判定判定主从句主从句部分部分Step 2 判定判定先行词先行词Step 3 把从句把从句还原还原， 看先行词看先行词在从句中充当何成分在从句中充当何成分。1.The number of people _come to visit this city each year reaches one millio
4、n.2.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?3.The book _ you introduced to me this morning is very kind.4.The season _ comes after spring is e to visit this city each year I saw this morningyou introduced to me this morningcomes after spring who/ that that/ whom which/ that which/ that5.I visited a sc
5、ientist_ name is known all over the country.name is knownall over the country. whose6. I still remember the day_ I first came to this school.this school.I first came to when7. Shanghai is the city _ I was born.I was born.8.The reason_ he was punished is unknown to us. wherehe was punished why关系词关系词先
6、行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词人人/ /物物主、宾、表主、宾、表物物主、宾主、宾人人主、宾主、宾人人宾宾人人/ /物物定定关系关系副词副词时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy难点一难点一：which 、that、who使用的区别使用的区别1.This is the best film _ has been shown this year.2.I like the second football match _ was held last week.3.-Th
7、ank you for giving me the very book _Im looking for. - Its my pleasure . Its the only book _ I have .4.Give me any book _ you would recommend.thatthatthatthat 1.先行词前有最高级修饰,用that； 2.先行词前有序数词修饰,用that ； 3.先行词前有the very ,the only, no, any, few ,little，all, every等修饰时,用that ；that结论结论4. Finally, the thief
8、handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.5. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.6.Our village isnt the small quiet place _ it used to be.7.Which is the magazine _ you borrowed yesterday?thatthatthat结论4.如果先行词是all, anything, something ,nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时,用that；5.先行词在定语从句或主句中
9、作表语时,一般用that；6. 避免重复,用that；that8.This is the achievement of _ we are proud.9.Here is the car about _ we told you yesterday.10. He heard a noise ,_ brought his heart into his mouth.11. He suddenly became ill,_ prevented him from going to school.whichwhichwhichwhich结论1.紧跟在介词后面作介词宾语时,用which；思考： 紧跟在介词后表
10、“人”的关系代词应该用 who还是 whom？2.在非限定性定语从句中,用which；That 和 who 1.Anyone _would like to attend the part will sign your name before 10.2.Those _ break the law will be punished.3.Who _ can climb up to the top of the hill first will get the flag.4.The student that won the first prize is the monitor _ speaks Engl
11、ish best in our class.whowhothatwho结论结论1.anyone, those, all等不定代词作先行词 来表“人”时,用who；2.避免重复的原则； (1) The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked. (
12、3) Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked. that/whichin whichthat/which for whichwhom/that/who about whom难点二：难点二：介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定1.1.根据根据从句从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g. Is that the newspap
13、er _which you often write articles? 2. 根据根据从句从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _which Im not sure.3. 根据根据先行词先行词与介词的搭配习惯与介词的搭配习惯e.g. 1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded.foraboutin 2. /foroninwithoutbyat/toof= the window of which= whose 11. He lov
14、ed his parents deeply, _ whom are very kind to him.(父母俩都父母俩都)12. In the basket there are quite many apples, _which have gone bad.13.There are forty students in our class in all, _whom are from big cities.both ofsome of （其中有些（其中有些）most of(他们中的大部分他们中的大部分)启示：启示：1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时
15、只可用_不可用不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用；关系代词指物时只可用_,不可用不可用that.关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用_。2.当先行词时表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，当先行词时表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，on / in / at / for which =_when/ where / why whom which whose难点三：难点三：关系代词和关系副词如何关系代词和关系副词如何选择？选择？1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us
16、 sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived. 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _或者说，假如把或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。先行词放到从句中是作
17、主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结论：结论：他们在从句中作什么成份而定他们在从句中作什么成份而定whosewhich7.(1) We will meet at the same place_we met last month. (2) We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.8. He still lives in the room _window faces to the south.(2) He still lives in the room _i
18、s in the north of the city. wherethatMore practice难点四：难点四：as as 与与 whichwhich如何如何 选择？选择？ This is the same pen _I bought yesterday。 I want to have such a dictionary _he has. 3. _we expect, we won the game. 4._ is known to all, he is the best student in our class.5.He married her, _was natural. 6.Tom
19、was late for school again and again, _made his teacher very angry.7.Tom suddenly fell ill, _made us sad. asasAsAswhichwhichwhich 结论结论1.as 用于固定用法中。先行词被用于固定用法中。先行词被 _ 修饰了的时候用修饰了的时候用as 但但 the sameas the samethat有区别有区别2.As 和和which引导非限定定语从句时，其先行词引导非限定定语从句时，其先行词可以是整个句子。可以是整个句子。3.as引导非限定性定语从句可放在引导非限定性定语从句可
20、放在_，which 引导非限定性定语从句只能放在引导非限定性定语从句只能放在_4.as可译为可译为_，which无意义。无意义。the same, such, so句首，句中句首，句中正如，好像正如，好像主句后面主句后面其它常见问题：1.the reason作先行词的引导词为作先行词的引导词为_ _(特例）特例）2. the way作先行词的引导词作先行词的引导词_ _3.先行词是先行词是 situation, point, case 时，时， 关系词多用关系词多用_4.先行词是先行词是occasion时，关系词多用时，关系词多用_5.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_
21、 决定。决定。先行词先行词 thatin whichwhyfor whichwherewhenShe climbed up to the top of the hill, _she could have a good view of the whole town. from whereChina is the birthplace of kites, _kiteflying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. from whereTom hid himself behind the door, _ he could hear the step
22、s of his mother clearly.from where 限定性定语从句和 非限定性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供必要的信息，限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供必要的信息， 以说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身分或性质，或以说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身分或性质，或 用来限制先行词所指的范围。若去掉限制性定语从句，用来限制先行词所指的范围。若去掉限制性定语从句， 则主句部分的含义不明确或意义不完整。如：则主句部分的含义不明确或意义不完整。如： I dont like people. 这句话意思不明确，因此其后边必须加一个这句话意思不明确，因此其后边必须加一个 限制性定语从句
23、，才能使句义完整。如：限制性定语从句，才能使句义完整。如： I dont like people who are never on time. 2. 非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句，整个主句意义很明确，不会说明。若去掉此定语从句，整个主句意义很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。如：引起误解和歧义。如： My mother, who is 50 this year, lives with me now. 以上句中的定语从句是对它前面的先行
24、名词进行补充以上句中的定语从句是对它前面的先行名词进行补充说明的，向读者提供附加的信息，不能变为限制性说明的，向读者提供附加的信息，不能变为限制性定语从句。如：定语从句。如： My mother who is 50 years now lives with me now. 这句话会让人误解为这句话会让人误解为“我有好几个母亲，目前和我我有好几个母亲，目前和我住在一起的是今年住在一起的是今年50岁的那位母亲岁的那位母亲“ 3.在非限制性定语从句中，有一个关系代词不能用，在非限制性定语从句中，有一个关系代词不能用，即即that,它在限制性定语从句中既可以指人也可以指物，它在限制性定语从句中既可以指
25、人也可以指物，但在非限制性定语从句中，指人要用但在非限制性定语从句中，指人要用who, 指物要用指物要用which, 就是不能用就是不能用that. 其他关系代词的用法相同。其他关系代词的用法相同。难点五：分割定语从句难点五：分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ag
26、o when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace？先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后之后many thousands of starsone afternoonA new master 定语从
27、句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are shown on TV in China. There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV in China.(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. At one time there were long
28、 queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices. 结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语; ; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。从句是被动形式，用过去分词。 shownwaiting2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease.2. The professor
29、is an ordinary-looking little man, but on his nose there is a pair of golden glasses.The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of golden glasses.结论：结论：是否有并列连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个是否有并列连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键关键whichwhom3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句 (1).This is such a big stone _no o
30、ne can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2).A theatre was put up in the place _ there used to be a temple. A theatre was put up _ there used to be a temple.结论：结论：定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分，且定语从定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分，且定语从句修饰一个名词或代词。句修饰一个名词或代词。状语从句状语从句本身是完整的句子本身是完整的句子，在主句中表示地点、时间，在主句中表示地点、时间等
31、含义。等含义。thataswherewhere(= in which )能否换成能否换成 in which ?4.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 He did all (that) he could to help me . (2) All that can be done has been done. (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China.(4)_ is known to us all is that the ear
32、th is smaller than the sun. AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用定语从句只起修饰作用,修饰名词或代词；修饰名词或代词；名词性从句在主句中起名词作用，做主语、宾语等。名词性从句在主句中起名词作用，做主语、宾语等。7.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It
33、 was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.结论：结论：强调句句型：强调句句型：It is/was +It is/was +被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who +that/who +其它部其它部分去掉分去掉 It is/was.that/who ,It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立。而定语从句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwhere/ in whichthatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)The news _our volleyba
34、ll team won the match made us excited.(2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve. 同位语从句式一个名词性从句，解释前面名词的内容，同位语从句式一个名词性从句，解释前面名词的内容，和前面名词的内容是相同的；定语从句和前面名词是一和前面名词的内容是相同的；定语从句和前面名词是一种修饰与被修饰的关系。种修饰与被修饰的关系。thatthat/which/略略thatthat/which 结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best, Failure Is Great, So DonT Give Up, Stick To The End谢谢大家荣幸这一路，与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
