1、 手术烧伤感染缺氧外伤噪音 Threat to self esteem, relationships with other people.Cold, heat, toxins, drugs, bacteria.Homeostasis, disease, cancer. 4. （General adaptation syndrome,GAS） 警觉期警觉期Alarm stage抵抗期抵抗期Resistance stage 衰竭期衰竭期Exhaustion stage 情绪反应 应激时血浆中儿茶酚胺浓度升高应激原 去甲肾上腺素 肾上腺素低温、缺氧 1020倍 45倍失血性休克 50倍 10倍即将执
2、行死刑 45倍 6倍下丘脑室旁核下丘脑室旁核(PVN) 垂垂 体体 肾上腺皮质肾上腺皮质GCCRHACTH （躯体应激反应）（躯体应激反应）外外 周周 感感 受受 器器 蓝斑蓝斑-肾上肾上腺髓质腺髓质情情绪绪应应激激反反应应杏仁核、海马杏仁核、海马、边缘系统、边缘系统 下丘脑室旁核下丘脑室旁核边缘系统边缘系统整合信号整合信号躯体应激信号躯体应激信号垂垂 体体交感交感-肾上腺髓质兴奋肾上腺髓质兴奋杏仁复合体杏仁复合体肾上腺皮质肾上腺皮质 机体在应激状态时，体内的细胞也能对非心理性应激原的刺激做出应激反应， 这种反应称为细胞应激（cell stress）。 In responses of cell
3、ular-molecular level to more stressors (mai- nly non-psychogenic stressors), cell arouse a series of intracellu- lar signal transduction and activation of correlative gene and syn- thesize some protective protein, which mainly are heat shock pro- tein and acute phase protein. APP have been defined a
4、s one whose plasma concentration increases (positive acute phase proteins) or decreases (negative acute phase proteins) during the acute phase responses. Acute phase proteins （急性期反应蛋白急性期反应蛋白 ） The acute phase response is a quickly mobilized, non-specific defensive response elicited in response of th
5、e host to infection, tissue injury or inflammation, etc.HSPWBC、Plt数目，血液凝固性、黏度，血沉This patient with no Helicobacter infection got this ulcer during a period of severe somatic stress due to a heart disease. Stress ulcer is the term given to mucosal damage or lesions of the esophagus, sto-mach or duodenum in critically ill or stress- ed otherwise healthy patients. EmotionNoisesExertionTensionAPs的发生机制
