1、正说与反说正说与反说正说反译正说反译反说正译反说正译正说与反说正说与反说 人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一思想时，可以正说，也可以反说，汉语如此，英语也如此。 例如： 他是外乡人。 他不是本地人。正说与反说正说与反说 通常情况下，汉译英采用对应译法，即正说正译，反说反译。 例如： 花在许多人家里开放着。 In many little gardens flowers were in bloom。 黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不怀好心。 The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen without the best of intentions. The weasel pay
2、s a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent. 正说与反说正说与反说 但是由于汉英两种语言表达习惯不同，在很多情况下会出现正说反译，反说正译的情况。 我完全同意。 I cant agree with you more. 你们大错特错了。 You couldnt be more mistaken.正说与反说正说与反说 油漆未未干！ Wet paint! 不不好意思！ Im sorry. 外表往往是靠不住靠不住的。 Appearances are often deceptive. 美国不失体面不失体面地接受了这项和平方案。 The U.S.A acc
3、epted the peace proposal with dignity.正说反译正说反译(一一)汉、英两种语言的表达习惯不汉、英两种语言的表达习惯不同。同。 我很快就可以回老家了。 It will not be long before I go back to my hometown.(二二)语气的需要。语气的需要。 有失才有得。 You cant make an omelet without breaking eggs正说反译正说反译(三三)为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，更便于直接理解。更便于直接理解。 在困难面前，他总是勇往直前。 He never flinc
4、hed from any difficulties (四四)充分利用英语某些词语的特点，充分利用英语某些词语的特点，使译文更精当。使译文更精当。 在白天看来，它们就平凡得很。 By daylight，they were nothing out of the common正说反译练习正说反译练习 Exercises 他为这件事竭尽全力竭尽全力。 He spared no pains/efforts in doing this. 她对他百依百顺百依百顺。 She never denied him anything. 返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中。 The thought of returnin
5、g to his motherland never deserted him. 反说正译反说正译 第一，汉语的否定词在句中无否第一，汉语的否定词在句中无否定意义。定意义。 这块地里的麦子长得不大离儿。 The wheat on this field is pretty good. 第二，使语气委婉而含蓄。第二，使语气委婉而含蓄。 谁没有个三灾六难的。 There is a crook in the lot of every one 反说正译反说正译第三，英语有更简练而恰当的表达第三，英语有更简练而恰当的表达法。法。 人不可貌相。 Beauty is but skin deep第四，把原文隐含的
6、意思明了化。第四，把原文隐含的意思明了化。 我觉得这么做后果不妙。 I think the worst of the problem is behind us反说正译反说正译 日子很快过去了，她做工却丝毫没有没有松懈。 The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever. 他不在不在，我感到很寂寞。 In his absence, I felt very lonely. 我很高兴看见你安然无无恙。 I am glad to see you safe and sound. 他们的供应不足不足，冬季又将来临。 Their supply l
7、ine was thin and winter was coming on. 他不自然不自然地咳了起来。 He coughed with embarrassment.反说正译反说正译在汉译英中，反说正译的情况非常普遍，这是由于英语中在汉译英中，反说正译的情况非常普遍，这是由于英语中有大量有大量表达否定意义的词汇表达否定意义的词汇可以替代汉语的否定表达。可以替代汉语的否定表达。1. 名词：名词： absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion 等等。等等。他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。 His absence of mind dur
8、ing the driving nearly caused an accident.我们完全不知道他的计划。 We are in complete ignorance of his plan.他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望。 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.反说正译反说正译2.动词：动词：fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等。等等。使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 To our disappoi
9、ntment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是未能在人群中见到他。He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.反说正译反说正译3.形容词和形容词短语：形容词和形容词短语：free from, far from, safe from, few, little, short这次演出根本没有失败，而是十分成功。 The show was far from being a failure; it
10、was a great success.他的作文几乎没有语法错误。There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.据悉敌军给养不足。It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.144015293反说正译反说正译4.副词和副词短语：副词和副词短语： otherwise, little, tooto等等。等等。他显然有不同的想法。 He evidently thinks otherwise.我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦。I little knew what trou
11、ble he was going to have.他兴奋得说不出话来了。He was too excited to speak.反说正译反说正译5.连词：连词： unless, before, until, rather than, or 等等。等等。不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge.部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tre
12、ad on the crops.他宁愿饿死，不愿行窃。 He will die of hunger before he steals.反说正译反说正译6.介词和介词短语：介词和介词短语： above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of等等。等等。社会主义无疑比资本主义优越。 Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism.我要铅笔，不要钢笔。 I want a pencil instead of a pen.反说正译反说正译 你早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床。 When you ca
13、lled on me this morning, I was still in bed. 他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。 His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。 Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. 是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去。 (keep sb from doing ) It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth. 只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的。（unless） He will certainly come unless he is ill. 她只觉得头晕眼花，辩不出路径。(tooto) She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come. 他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 His hint escaped me.
