1、教学材料：外研版高中英语新教材选修第三册教学内容：Unit 6 Nature in words第三课时：Using language执教人: Learning Objectives 1. To enable Students to know non-finites as attributive, adverbial and complement by analyzing examples and summarizing the rules. 2. To help Students grasp the usage of non-finites as attributive, adverbial
2、and complement by doing individual work and group work. 3. To help Students use non-finites as attributive, adverbial and complement to describe their attitude towards nature.a. I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.b. wake up to find yourself in another quite different, c. I can see the childr
3、en flattening their noses against the window, d. flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snowLook at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. What is the difference between the verbs in red in sentences(a) and(c)?In sentence (b), does “to find” indicate
4、 purpose or result?Past participle used as complementPresent participle used as complementPurposeResultAn attributive used to describe the snow.In sentence (d), does “to watch” indicate purpose or result? What is the function of “falling”?Now lets read more examples.1. ., whom I found all looking th
5、rough the window at the magic outside and talking away as excited as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.2. ., and last year I was out of the country, sweating in hot climate,.3. ,. with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk,.4. ., and all the tree
6、s so many black and threatening shapes.5. There were indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect.1. ., whom I found all _ (look through) the window at the magic outside and _ (talk away) as excited as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.2. ., and last year I was out of the
7、country, _ (sweat) in hot climate,.3. ,. with the faintly _ (flush) snow _ (line) its branches and artfully _ (dispose) along its trunk,.4. ., and all the trees so many black and _ (threaten) shapes.5. There were indeed something curiously _ (disturb) about the whole prospect.Fill in the blanks with
8、 appropriate words.looking throughtalking awaysweatingflushedliningdisposedthreateninggo Ready?disturbing非谓语动词共有三类：非谓语动词共有三类：不定式不定式,V-ing, V-ed。本单元主要复习非谓语动词作本单元主要复习非谓语动词作定语、定语、状语状语和和补语补语的用法的用法。复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法Review: non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complemen
9、t不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名名词或代词词或代词之后之后。 Is this the best way to help him?这是帮他的最佳方法吗？这是帮他的最佳方法吗？ Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。的。 不定式不定式动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语1. 主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个走
10、。他总是第一个来最后一个走。 The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen. 下一列到站的火车是从深圳开来的。下一列到站的火车是从深圳开来的。不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是词之间是主谓关系主谓关系、动宾关系动宾关系、同同位关系位关系或或修饰关系修饰关系。2. 动宾关系动宾关系 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了很多题要解答。老师给我们留了很多题要解答。 Please give me something to drink. 请给我点喝的。请给我
11、点喝的。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找个新房子住。他想找个新房子住。当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的上的动宾关系动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是时，不定式动词应该是及物动及物动词词；若若不定式动词为不及物动词不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词，则该动词必须必须与介词连用与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。，组成及物的动词短语。3. 同位关系同位关系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。他没
12、有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有面对任何困难的勇气。我们学生应该有面对任何困难的勇气。4. 修饰关系修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。现在是上课的时间了。 I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。我需要一个地方打个盹。He came here to attend an important meeting. Sam was very surprised t
13、o hear the news.He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. 目的目的原因原因结果结果动词不定式动词不定式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的作发生的原因、目的、原因、目的、结果结果。动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语 Id like you to keep everything tidy. 我希望你能保持每样东西都整洁。我希望你能保持每样东西都整洁。 The teacher asked us to finish the work today. 老师要我们今天完成工作。老师要我们今天
14、完成工作。 Can you remind me to phone Ann tomorrow? 你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗？你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗？动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语带带to的不定式的不定式These verbs have the structure: verb + object + to infinitivewant ask help would like would love expect beg mean(=intend) would prefer would hate tell remind force enable teach order warn i
15、nvite persuade get advise recommend encourage allow permit forbid(1) Can you help me _ English?你可以帮助我学英语吗？你可以帮助我学英语吗？(2) I wish you could persuade her_.我希望你可以说服她仔细考虑一下。我希望你可以说服她仔细考虑一下。to learnto think it over Her parents wouldnt let her go out alone.她父母不会让她独自出门。她父母不会让她独自出门。The boss made the workers
16、work 14 hours a day.老板让工人们每天工作老板让工人们每天工作14小时。小时。The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.老师经常让他的学生在教室里大声读。老师经常让他的学生在教室里大声读。1) 用于使役动词用于使役动词let、make和和have后面后面不带不带to的不定式的不定式2) 用于感官动词用于感官动词feel, hear, see和和watch等后面等后面I felt something crawl up my arm.我觉得有个东西顺着手臂往上爬。我觉得有个东西顺着手臂往上爬。Did you he
17、ar him go out?你听到他出去了吗？你听到他出去了吗？They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。They watched the bus disappear into the distance.他们注视着公共汽车消失在远方。他们注视着公共汽车消失在远方。drinking water =a walking stick =a reading room =a writing desk =tiring music = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a sti
18、ck for walking 手杖手杖a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a desk for writing 写字台写字台music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐1. 单个的动词单个的动词-ing形式形式作定语位于被修饰名词作定语位于被修饰名词的的前面前面，既可以表示，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态被修饰者的动作或状态。V-ing形式形式V-ing形式作定语形式作定语 He is reading something interesting. 他正在读有趣的内容。他正在读有趣的内容。 There
19、is nothing amazing.没什么了不起的。没什么了不起的。若单个的动词若单个的动词-ing形式形式修饰的词为修饰的词为those, something, everything, nothing 等代词时，则等代词时，则-ing形式要放在形式要放在其后其后。They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who
20、 is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。2. V-ing形式短语形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的作定语时，放在所修饰的名词名词之后之后，并且在意思上相当于一个，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句定语从句。His brother, wo
21、rking as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻
22、摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。3. -ing形式短语形式短语也可以用作也可以用作非限制定语非限制定语，相当于一个相当于一个非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，这时，这时，它与句子其他部分用它与句子其他部分用逗号逗号分开。分开。1. Walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop. 2. Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. 3. His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 4. Using your head, you will find a
23、 good way. 5. Studying hard, he didnt pass the exam. 6. He earns a living driving a truck. 7. He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式伴随伴随1. When I walked in the street, I saw a tailors shop.2. Because he was poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.3. His father died and left the f
24、amily even worse off.5. Though he studied hard, he didnt pass the exam.4. If you use your head, you will find a good way.7. He sat in the chair and read a newspaper. 6. He earns a living by driving a truck.V-ing形式形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的的原因、时间、原因、时间、结果、结果、条件、伴随、让步和方条件、伴随、让步和方式式等，起作用相当于状语从
25、句或并列句。等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。V-ing形式作状语形式作状语V-ing形式形式作作状语状语时，它的时，它的逻辑逻辑主语主语必须与必须与主句的主语主句的主语是是一致一致的。的。Check the sentences.Looking out of the window, a cat was walking along the wall. Looking out of the window, we saw a cat walking along the wall. Supposing it rains, we will put off the sports meeting. Gene
26、rally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。Ving 用于某些固定搭配中，用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的表示说话人的态度态度、观点观点等，如：等，如：generally speaking, frankly/honestly speaking, judging by/from, considering/seeing, supposing 等等。等等。 I didnt notice him
27、 waiting. 我没注意到他正在等我。我没注意到他正在等我。 I felt an ant climbing over my leg.我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。 Can you smell anything burning?你闻到什么东西正在燃烧吗？你闻到什么东西正在燃烧吗？ I saw him running down the street.我看见他正沿着街跑。我看见他正沿着街跑。1. see, watch, hear, feel, notice, smell等等感官动词感官动词后接后接V-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语, 表示表示该动作正在进行该动作正在
28、进行。V-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.他们关上门走了，留下火在燃烧。他们关上门走了，留下火在燃烧。 Sorry, Ive kept you waiting a long time.对不起，让您久等了。对不起，让您久等了。2. have, leave, keep等等使役使役动词后接动词后接V-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语, 表示表示“使处于某种状使处于某种状态态”。使使役和感官役和感官动词动词之后用之后用-ing形式形式和和不不带带to的的不定式不定式作宾语补足语的区别：作宾
29、语补足语的区别： We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment. We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）表示表示动作正在进行动作正在进行表示（
30、或强调）表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程动作从开始到结束的全过程1. 单个单个-ed作定语作定语a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有形式作定语时一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。b. 不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语时只有形式作定语时只有完完成成意义。意义。a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员V-ed形式作定语形式作定语V-ed形式形式 the color TV set produc
31、ed last year = the color TV set that was produced last year 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信2. V-ed短语短语作定语通常作定语通常后置后置，其作用相，其作用相当于一个当于一个定语从句定语从句。1) 语态及时间关系不同语态及时间关系不同V-ing表主动、正在进行或经常性的动作；表主动、正在进行或经常性的动作；V-
32、ed 表被动、动作已经完成表被动、动作已经完成V-ed作定语与作定语与V-ing作定语的区别：作定语的区别：an inspiring speech the inspired audiencethe falling leaves 落叶落叶the fallen leaves 落叶落叶（正往下落的）（正往下落的）（已落到地面的）（已落到地面的）受鼓舞的受鼓舞的听众听众鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的演说演说 （正在变化的）（正在变化的） （变化了的）（变化了的）boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed world（正在沸腾的）（正在沸腾的） （
33、已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers faded flowers（正在凋谢的）（正在凋谢的） （已经凋谢了的）（已经凋谢了的）a developing countrya developed country（发展中的）（发展中的）（发达的）（发达的）2) 及物动词的及物动词的-ed与与-ing的被动式都可的被动式都可表示表示被动被动, 但但-ed表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作, 而而being done多表示一个多表示一个正在进行的动作正在进行的动作。 The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with
34、 us. The problem being discussed now has something to do with us.1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent.2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.5. The teacher entered
35、the classroom, followed by some students.时间时间原因原因条件条件让步让步伴随伴随1. When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.2. Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.3. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.5. The teacher entered the classroom, and he was fol
36、lowed by some students.4. Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.V-ed形式形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的时间时间、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、伴随或方式伴随或方式，相当于相当于状语从句或并列句。状语从句或并列句。逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一致与句子的主语一致。V-ed形式作状语形式作状语Change the sentences into complete ones. When heated, ice
37、will be changed into water. Unless invited, I wont attend his wedding. Once caught smoking in the kitchen, the cook will be fired.When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.Unless I am invited, I wont attend his wedding.Once the cook is caught smoking in the kitchen, he will be fired.V-ed作状语有
38、时可保作状语有时可保留留连词连词，构成，构成“连词连词+V-ed”结构，即结构，即:while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连等连词词)+V-ed。 _ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful. _ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful.Seen Seeing 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。如果句子的主语和
39、分词是如果句子的主语和分词是主动主动关系关系，用，用V-ing形式。形式。如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是被动被动关系关系，用，用V-ed形式。形式。1. like, want, wish, order等后面接等后面接V-ed作宾语作宾语补足语补足语, 表示表示命令或希望某件事被完成命令或希望某件事被完成。 I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服按他自己的尺寸来做。我想要这套衣服按他自己的尺寸来做。 He didnt wish it mentioned.他不希望它被提及。他不希望它被提及。 I want the room cl
40、eaned up when I come back. 我希望在我回来的时候，房间已清理好。我希望在我回来的时候，房间已清理好。V-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 我刚才看到一位老人被车撞倒了。我刚才看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 He found his home town greatly changed.他发现自己的家乡大变样了。他发现自己的家乡大变样了。2. see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等等感官动词感官动词后接后接V-ed作宾语补足
41、语作宾语补足语, 表示该动表示该动作与宾语之间是作与宾语之间是被动关系被动关系或者或者该动作已经该动作已经完成完成。 Were having our car repaired. 我们正在请人修理汽车。我们正在请人修理汽车。 Youd better keep the guests seated. 你最好让客人坐下。你最好让客人坐下。 He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。他的钱被偷了。3. have, get, make, leave, keep等等使役动词使役动词后接后接V-ed作宾语补足语作宾语补足语, 表示表示动作由他动作由他人完成人完成。在在with的复合结构的复
42、合结构中可接中可接不定式不定式，V-ing 和和V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作作时间、方式、条件、原因时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。等状语。 With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out. With spring coming on, trees turn green. With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries. With water heated, we can see the steam.The murderer was
43、brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.( (方式方式) )( (条件条件) )( (原因原因) )( (时间时间) )( (原因原因) )不定式不定式表示将发生的动作表示将发生的动作;V-ing和前面的宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系和前面的宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系;V-ed和前面的宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系。和前面的宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Despite uncertainties _ (cast) by the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese athletes are busy_(prepare) for the upcom
44、ing Tokyo Olympics, which is scheduled to open on July 23. “To continue_(continue) high-intensity training for one more year is a tough call for our veterans (老手), but on the bright side it presents us with the opportunity _(conduct)to conduct more sessions (训练) for our young divers _(mature)to matu
45、re,” said Zhou Jihong, team manager of Chinas all-conquering (战无不胜的) diving team。Complete the report!castpreparingto continueto conductto mature Chinese teams are currently preparing for overseas trips_(start) starting from April. Chinas womens volleyball team, _(lead)led by legendary coach Lang Pin
46、g, is hoping _(make)to make the best out of a friendly match against Japan at a test event in Tokyo.startingledto makeI. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 2. Mr. Lee noticed a girl _(stand) at the door, so he stopped to ask why she was t
47、here. 3. My computer broke down this morning, and I will get it _(repair) as soon as possible. 4. I hurried to his house, only _(find) that he was not at home. 5. He has no friend _(depend) on. 6. The child _ (stand) over there is my brother.developedstanding repaired to findto dependstanding7. _ (k
48、now) how to go to the park, he turned to the police for help. 8. _ (frighten) by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.9. The Greens, our neighbours, are kind enough _(take) care of my mother while I am away. 10. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.11. When he en
49、tered the room, he found the window _(break).12. Where would you recommend me _ (go) for holiday? Not knowingFrightenedto take discussedbrokento goII.翻译句子。翻译句子。1. _ ( (受到他的演说鼓舞受到他的演说鼓舞) )， all the workers went all out. (inspire) 2. He rushed into_ ( (正在燃烧正在燃烧 着的房子着的房子) ). (burn)3. Did you attend _ (
50、昨昨 天举行的会议天举行的会议)? (hold)4. Do you have _(什么要说什么要说 的的)? (say)5. Mr. Lin got up early enough this morning _ _ (为了赶第一班车为了赶第一班车) . (catch)Inspired by his speech the burning housethe meeting held yesterdayanything to sayto catch the first bus6. _( (当我在街上走时当我在街上走时) ), , I saw him. (walk) 7. She wont have
