1、新标准新标准英语英语高中选择性必修第二册高中选择性必修第二册Activity 1 1.What animals can you see in the picture?2.What kind of changes would take place if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced to an environment like this?2 They would hunt the birds and eat the native vegetation, thus upsetting the local ecological balance.Macq
2、uarie Island麦夸里岛 Macquarie Island is an Australian Island located in the southwestern edge of the Pacific Ocean. It is located at latitude 54 degrees 30 south and longitude 158 degrees 57 east. It is 1466 km away from Tasmania Island in the northwest and 1294 km south to the Antarctic continent, whi
3、ch is about half the distance from Australia to Antarctica. Macquarie Island is a narrow island with a length of 34 km and a width of just 5 km at its widest point. It covers an area of about 128 square km and is located on the Macquarie Ridge, which runs north-south. 麦夸里岛(Macquarie Island)是澳大利亚的一个岛
4、，位于太平洋西南边陲，地处南纬54度30分，东经158度57分，它距西北的塔斯马尼亚岛1466千米，向南到南极大陆1294千米，大约相当于从澳洲到南极洲的一半路程。麦夸里岛地形狭长，长34千米，最宽处仅5千米，面积约为128平方千米，位处南北走向的麦夸里洋脊(Macquarie Ridge)上。 Macquarie Island has an average elevation of 240 metres and several rocky islets off its coast.It has meteorological and geological stations since 1948
5、. In 1933, it was built as a nature reserve and a breeding ground for the Royal Penguin.There is a seal habitat on the island.Macquarie Island is a place where rocks rise actively from beneath the mantle (a depth of six kilometers below the ocean) to the surface.These rare rocks rising to the sea al
6、so include basalt and other rock masses. 麦夸里岛平均海拔240米，岸外有几个岩石小岛。1948年起设有气象和地质考察站，1933年建为自然保护区，为皇家企鹅(Royal Penguin)繁殖地;岛上有海豹栖息地。麦夸里岛是一处岩石从地幔下(海洋下6公里深处)活跃升出海平面的地方。这些罕见的升出海面的岩石也包括玄武岩和其他岩体。 Macquarie Islands animals consists of the Subantarctic Fur Seal, Antarctic Fur Seal, New Zealand Fur Seal and Sout
7、hern Elephant Seal), more than 80,000 in total.Royal penguins breed only on the island, as do king penguins, Southern Rockhopper penguins and Gentoo penguins.About 100,000 rabbits are also found on the island.Introduced wild cats were reported to have been completely wiped out in 2002. 麦夸里岛上的动物群有亚南极
8、软毛海豹(Subantarctic Fur Seal)、南极软毛海豹(Antarctic Fur Seal)、新西兰软毛海豹(New Zealand Fur Seal)及南象海豹(Southern Elephant Seal)，数目合共超过8万。皇家企鹅(Royal Penguin)只在此岛繁殖，国王企鹅、南方冠企鹅(Southern Rockhopper Penguin)及巴布亚企鹅亦然。约10万只兔子亦见于此岛。据报，引种野猫已在2002年全盘灭绝。Activity 2 Read the passage and find out what happened to Macquarie Isl
9、and. Non-native species introduced to Macquarie Island attacked native birds, and led to a substantial reduction of bird population and even the extinction of parakeets. In addition,non-native species ate and devastated the native vegetation. All of this played a part in upsetting the natural harmon
10、y of the island. But now the islands ecology is on the road to recovery with human efforts. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its wild and natural beauty. B. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape on Macquarie Island
11、 form its beauty. C. Royal penguins, king penguins and elephant seals live in perfect harmony now. D. The writer is standing on Macquarie Island enjoying its wild and natural beauty. 2. What is mentioned in the passage? A. When humans arrived on the island, they hunted the birds on the island. B. So
12、 many rats and mice were brought to the island on purpose. C. Rats and mice have been taking over the island, eating the birdseggs so far. D. Cats were introduced to the island to control the rats and mice. 3. What was the cause of soil erosion according to the passage? A. Rabbits were introduced to
13、 the island,multiplying rapidly and digging holes. B. Parakeets, native to the island,died out because of humansactivities. C. The inereasing number of cats led to more cats hunting the birds. D. Rats and mice multiplied rapidly and dug holes without cats. 4. Which method to remove the rabbits from
14、the island was used effectively in the 1970s? A. A large number of dogs were released. B. A large number of birds were released. C. A virus was delivered onto the island. D. A large number of cats were released. 5. What caused some land to collapse at the beginning of the 21st century? A. The depart
15、ure of the cats from the island. B. The increasing population of mice and rats. C. The digging of the rabbits. D. The death of a number of penguins.Activity 31. To analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction.2. To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island by Humans.3. To ent
16、ertain readers with a funny story about what happened on Macquarie Island.4. To suggest ways in which an ecosystem can be protected. Choose the authors purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.Activity 4Activity 4ACTION(S):Cats were brought to the island.Rabbits were introduced to the is
17、land.A virus was released onto the island.Traps and dogs were used.Poison and dogs were used.PURPOSE(S):To provide food for humans.To remove all the rabbits from the island.To catch the cats.To remove all the remaining invading species.RESULT(S):they took over the island, eating the birds eggs and a
18、ttacking baby birdsThe cats developed an appetite for the birds.the exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats. This led to more cats hunting the birds. As a result, parakeets died out in 1891Substantial reduction of rabbit population led to cats killing more native birds.The d
19、eparture of the cats resulted in an increasing population of rats and mice. And the rabbit population exploded once again.The island is pest-free and its ecology is on the road to recovery.Activity 4 Now talk about how human interference led to such severe consequences for Macquarie Island.新标准新标准英语英
20、语高中选择性必修第二册高中选择性必修第二册麦夸里岛:从混乱不堪到精心保护1 I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a w
21、ild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seal, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of
22、years.我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光秃的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产,游客们都认为其名副其实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来,包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 2 But the islands more recent history tells a different story. Its a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived
23、 on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the bi
24、rds, too. 但是,这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这些小动物很快就占领了岛屿,它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患,人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。 3 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best - they multipled rapidly and began eating
25、the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and nativ
26、e to the island, died out in 1891. 与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事一飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物,这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。 4 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbis remained out of control. Exp
27、erts felt it nccessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 1 30,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The rats in con
28、sequence turned their attention - and their stomachs - back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后,兔子仍然不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病
29、毒使得兔子的数量从130,000降到约10,000只,但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地乌类，每年捕食多达6o,000只。20世纪80年代,人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年,麦夸里岛上的最后只猫被抓。5. But as the saying goes,“While the cats away, the mice will play. With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember thos
30、e 10,000 or so rabbits? It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem
31、needed solving once and for all.但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10,000只左右的兔子吗?它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后,在2006年,兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌,导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底的解决。 6 So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. The first step involv
32、ed poison being dropped from helicopters. The next step is to remove the last remnaining invading species, and thats where I come in - with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but
33、 we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 所以,正是为了解决这个问题,我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。行动的第一步利用了直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了和我的狗一起。这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。Postscript: In 2014, Macquarie lsland was declared pest free and the islands ecology is finally on the road to recovery.附言:2014年麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物,岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。Thank you
