1、北京大学 2014 年考博英语真题1. _ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderfultime together.A Had they arrivedB Would they arriveC Were they arrivingD Were theyto arrive2._ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.A He would leave schoolB He left schoolC He had left
2、schoolDHe has left school3.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effectrelationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _.A to be shownB to have been shownC to have shownD being shown4._ that should be given priority to.A It is the committee has decidedC It is
3、 what the committee has decidedB It is only the committee has decidedD It is what has the committee decided5. The most interesting new cars may owe _ the simple wisdom of hiringa few talented people and allowing them to work.A less local free-spiritedness thanC to less local free-spiritedness thanto
4、B less local free-spiritedness than toD less to local free-spiritedness thanto6. Over the years, Jimmy Connors _ phenomenal displays of tennis and temperand at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again.A has treated spectators withC has treated spectatorsB has treated spectator forD has treat
5、ed spectators to7. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are _ the timemiddle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organizedsports.A as hardly culturally enriching asC hardly as culturally enriching asB as hardly enriching culture asD hardly as cultural enriching as8
6、. The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, _, is money.A as is it across the countryC as it were across the country B as it isacross the countryD as were it across the country9.Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually_.A generate new seedsC generates new
7、seedsB new seeds generatedD new seeds are generated10. The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _ leagues in virtuallyevery sport.A were home toB was the home ofC was home toD was home of11. Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and theirscores have improved onl
8、y _.A marginallyB marvelouslyC martiallyD markably12. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had _ us accidentallyon his way out of the town or if hed been deliberately tasked.Acrashed onBbumped intoCfallen againstDpuzzled about13. In previous time, when fresh meat was in short _, pigeons we
9、re keptby many households as a source of food.A storageB reserveC supplyD provision14. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary actionand Dr. Reids _ about health problems.A allegianceB allianceC allegationsD alliteration15. The organization issued a cry of alarm last wee
10、k, citing “_ evidence”that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料peers.A comparingB completingC compellingD composing16. Since no one could _ his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replacehim with another columnist.A encodeB dec
11、ipherC clearD identify17.Many Fine Art graduates take _ professional practice as artists, andthis course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community byproviding opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.A downB upC outD in18. The statement said the people of
12、Srebrenica _ to the presidents ofthe United States and France to help halt the offensive.A arousedB ascribedC acclaimedD appealed19. The professor stopped for a drink and then _ with his lecture on theIndian culture.A proceededB processedC preferredD presented20. Although the false banknotes fooled
13、many people, they did not _ closeexamination.A put up withB keep up withC stand up toD look up toPart III: Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions.For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choosethe
14、 best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneIn science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations everystep in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism,and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predic
15、ted, but of their natureno more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated onthe electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion thatman can ever discover what these mysterious forces“really” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing,
16、 like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behavewhen they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, wehave told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapprovedof such an idea. Aristotle, for example,
17、whose natural science dominated Westernthought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understandingof reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, thatit is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can d
18、educe that objects fall to the ground because thats where theybelong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelianscience was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo begantrying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of co
19、ntrolledexperiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.21. Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is _.A disapproved of by most modern scientistsB in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”thin
20、gs happenD in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“why”things happen42. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that_.A there are self-evident principlesB there are mysterious forces in theuniverse C man cannot discover what forces “really” areD we
21、can discoverwhy things behave as they do22. The expression “speculated on” (line 4) means _ .A consideredB suspectedC expectedD engaged inbuying and sellingPassage TwoThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be pr
22、eventable if individuals wouldmake sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We allenjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is withinthe legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allowsus to make almost all our
23、own personal decisions that may concern our health. Ifwe so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eatwhatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without anyexercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect ofour society
24、, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personalchoices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenagermay know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressuredby friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A mul
25、titude offactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss allthese factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision toadopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal
26、 choice. Thereare healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals ofpersonal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowinglygive oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shorteninglife is similar to attempting suicide. Thus,
27、 for those individuals who areinterested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal healthchoices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statisticalprobability of increased vitality and longevity.23. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important
28、because_.A it is essential to personal freedom in American societyB it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC personal health choices help cure most illnessesD wrong decisions could lead to poor health24. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.A current medical kn
29、owledge is still insufficientB there are many factors influencing our decisionsC people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsD few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life25. According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on _.A pe
30、rsonal decisionsB societys lawsCfriends opinionsDstatistical evidencePassage ThreeFor gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels,researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior o
31、r a characteristic of anindividual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study isthe Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on agroup of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measuresof their intellectual, personality, a
32、nd motor development were recorded. Thesubjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandingsof the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in orstability of behaviors or characteristics at dif
33、ferent ages can be determined.Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, andheavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findingsof a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to anotherpart of the country and by bored
34、om or irritation at repeated testing. Anotherdisadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjectsparticipating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of studyor the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another.If properly
35、 conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, directinformation about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selectedand compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respectto socioeconomic status, sex, or educatio
36、nal level. For example, a researcher maybe interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Threegroups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested.Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantag
37、e of being less expensiveto conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is thatdifferent individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time.No information about past influences on development or about age-related changesis secured. Like longitudinal studi
38、es, the cross-sectional methods cannot erasethe generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at differenttime. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinaland cross-sectional research methods.26. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvant
39、ages of a longitudinal research?A The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.B The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years.C The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for manyyears.D Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of t
40、he subjects participatingin the study.27. The word “contingent” in the third paragraph probably means _.A dependentB consecutiveC determinedD continual28. Which of the following statements is true?A The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.B The methods of study in lo
41、ngitudinal research will not change over time.C Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effectsof early experiences on later development.D Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, thechanges in intelligence over a thirty-year period.29
42、.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinalresearch is that _.A the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groupsof subjectsB the former can be free from the influence of social changesC the latter can be free from the influence of social changesD the former costs less money and takes less time
