1、lesson 85 短语复习：1. never too old to learn 2. receive a letter from =3. inform sb. of sth. 4. inform sb. that.5. information about something 6. former headmaster7. old and new8. send him a present to mark this occasion 9. contribute to 10. sign ones name on an album11. remember sb. for something 12. p
2、atience, understanding and kindly encouragment13. be willing to do something 14. go unwillingly to school15. a great many16. attend a farewell dinner17. in ones honor=in honor of sb.18. a total of = 19. devote oneself to gardening=20. entirely new hobby 21. a curious coincidence1.Out of control失去，欠缺
3、out of bread out of fashion out of order out of sight out of work out of breath 由于, 出于Elizabeth greeted Kim out of politeness.He helped us out of kindness.She asked only out of curiosity.He did it out of money.control:be under control 在掌控当中be out of control 失控lose control (of) lose control of his ca
4、r; keep control of 控制.control oneself 自控 swing speedboat desperately companion water ski buoy dismay tremendous petrol drift gently v. 转向转向 n. 快艇快艇 adv. 绝望地绝望地 n. 同伙，伙伴同伙，伙伴 （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水（由快艇牵引水橇）滑水 n. 浮标浮标 n. 沮丧沮丧 adj. 巨大的巨大的 n. 汽油汽油 v. 漂动，漂流漂动，漂流 adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地缓慢地，轻轻地swing vt. (swung, swung)1. 动词，转向vI
5、 swung the car left.vIts impossible to swing a car in such a narrow path like this .2.动词，摆动vWhen I am running, I swing my arms.vThe monkey is swinging itself from tree to tree. 3. 名词. 摆动The swing of ship made me sick.4. 名词，秋千There are some swings in the park . desperately adv. 绝望地；极度地vShe lost her b
6、usiness and cried desperately. vHe said desperately that the opponent was too strong for us .vThe manager is desperately busy to make profits.desperate 1.adj.不顾一切的，亡命的 The desperate thief shot at the policeman .2.悲观悲观的的,希望渺茫的希望渺茫的Her illness is desperate , but not hopeless.3. 渴望的be desperate for/to
7、do sth 极度渴望要（做）某事She is desperate to pass the College Entrance Exam. desperation n.绝望sb. do sth. out of desperation 由于绝望而做某事He committed suicide out of desperationcompanion n. 伙伴，同伙，伴旅The dog has been her constant companion in the past ten years.For ten years he had been her companion.I had a good c
8、ompanion while traveling . vlifelong companion 终生伴侣companionship n. 交情vI will never forget the companionship of old friends.dismay 1. 不可数名词，惊恐，焦虑，哀伤 2. 及物动词，使惊恐，焦虑，忧伤sb. do sth. with dismay 某人很郁闷地做某事vI discovered his mistakes with dismay.to ones dismay 令某人沮丧的是vTo our dismay, he went away with all mo
9、ney.vTo their dismay, the door was locked.be dismayed at 对某事惊慌vShe was dismayed at the news .fearworrysadnesstremendous adj. （大小、數量、程度） 惊人的、巨大的 tremendous effort The car passed by at tremendous speed.We have a tremendous amount of work to get through. The result was a tremendous disappointment.This
10、plan could save us a tremendous amount of money.tremendously adv. 可怕地；极大地The Mid-term exam was tremendously difficult . drift （1）v. 漂流vA tiny fishing boat was drifting slowly alone.vThe raft was drifting down the river.（2） n. 转移vThe drift of population from country to city . （3）n. 漂流物漂木driftwood漂流瓶d
11、rift bottlegentle adj. 1. 温柔的，和善的Mothers are always gentle with their babies .He gave me a gentle smile.2. 和缓的The lady always talk in a gentle voice. 3. 驯服的 a gentle horse4. 小心翼翼的be gentle with sth. 对某物很小心Please be gentle with the glass.gently adv.1. 缓慢地，轻轻地 Handle the glassware gently .2. 温柔地，柔和地 S
12、he spoke gently to the frightened child .What was the danger?danger 危险personal danger 人身危险a real danger 真正的危险be in danger在危险当中=at riskbe in danger of .处于.的危险当中out of danger 脱离危险(1) 不可数名词， 危险(2)可数名词，危险的事情或人dangerous 危险的It is dangerous for sb. to do something .It is dangerous for the students to swim
13、in the river.As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands.1. as/when/while引导时间状语从句2. swing round （车，船）突然地迅速地转向，（人）转身 swing the speedboat round 让快艇迅速转向eg: After that, she swung round and locked the door. The wheel of fortune will swing round again;3. the st
14、eering wheel 方向盘steer v. 掌舵、駕駛vHe carefully steered his car around the corner .4. come away 脱落，离开，脱离，脱开vWhen I tried to lift the suitcase, the handle came away.He waved desperately to his companion, (who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.)1. wave to sb 对挥手2. water skiing 滑水 go skiin
15、g 滑雪 go skating 滑冰 3. for the last + 一段時間 通常搭配完成时态vHe has been teaching for the last 10 years两点语法：1. who 引导的非限定性定语从句。对前面的先行词companion 信息进行补充说明。如果把补充说明的句子拿掉，是不影响整个主句的意思的。 He will marry the managers daughtor, who has been in America for almost three years. 试比较一下几个句子： Do you remember the girl who taugh
16、t us English? Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. This is the place where he used to live. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句区别1. 一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定修饰
17、作用, 使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些补充说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。 二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 三. 引导词不同非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , whom或 whose 来引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 来引导;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when ,
18、where 引导非限制性定语从句。that 不能引导非限定性定语从句。不能引导非限定性定语从句。1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. Have you ever been to Xian, _ I left ten years ago. A. which B. whose C. that D. / 3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could
19、expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 4. His English, _ used to be very poor is now excellent. A. which B. that C. it D . whom 5. Some of the roads were flooded, _ makes our journey more difficult. A. that B. it C. which D. who 6. Ill find a nice girl, _ I want to marry. A. who B. whom C. that D. w
20、hich 7. Ill come at ten, _ Ill be free. A. which B. that C. when D. what 8. She has two brothers, _ are teachers. A. who B. that C. whom D. / 9. Which answer is NOT true? This is the factory _ I visited yesterday. A. that B. which C. / D. where 10. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing. A.
21、when B. what C. that D. during语法点语法点2：过去完成进行时：过去完成进行时结构：结构：Had been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始，到过去某一表示动作从过去某一时间开始，到过去某一时间仍然在进行的或者刚刚结束。时间仍然在进行的或者刚刚结束。He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.I had been waiting here for an hour before she called me in.Both men had hardly had time to realize (what wa
22、s happening) when they were thrown violently into the sea.1. hardly 几乎不，否定I can hardly finish my homework within such a short period of time. hardly when. 几乎还没来得及.就hardly A. when B.几乎还没有来得及做A，B就发生了，由于时间上A先发生，B后发生，且都是发生在过去，所以：hardly所在的句子用过去完成时态，所在的句子用过去完成时态，when 所在的句子用一般过去所在的句子用一般过去时态。时态。hardly.when.
23、引导的句子可倒装，即把引导的句子可倒装，即把hardly had提到主语前，提到主语前，后面句子结构不变：后面句子结构不变：上面句子变成：上面句子变成：Hardly had both men had time to realize.例句：我几乎还没有跑进学校，就开始下雨了。 我刚一到家，电话就响了。be thrown into 被拋进、被扔进2. violently adv. 激烈地； 暴力地； 狂暴地； 极度地3. throw .into.把.扔进. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly
24、across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle.1. swim towards the shore朝岸边游去2. notice with dismay 惊愕地注意到 notice sb. doing sth. notice sb do sth. 3. move in a circle 转圈行驶 It now came straight towards them a
25、t tremendous speed.1. come straight towards them 径直朝他们驶来 go/walk straight on径直走2. 表示整体速度时speed是不可数名词at tremendous speed at full speed at high/low speedat top speed 表示某一具体速度的时候speed前要加a或the.It travels at a speed of 150 miles per hour. It runs at the speed of light. straight既可以当形容词“直的”a straight line，
26、又可以做副词”直接地，径直地”In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away.1. in less than 不到不到2. roar（1） v.（猛兽猛兽） 吼叫吼叫、咆哮咆哮Lions were roaring in the distance . （2） v. 大声大声喊叫、喊叫、吵嚷吵嚷The patient roared with pain . （3）v.轰鸣、呼啸轰鸣、呼啸A huge truck roared down the road.roar past them 从他们身边呼啸而过从他们身边呼啸而过3
27、. a few feet away 几英尺远几英尺远The roaring boat was only a few feet away from them. danger是用场景描述让大家感受到的，而不是直接说“its dangerous”的。注意作文的细节描述After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return.1. v. + on 继续做某事，不停做某事go on walk on swim onAfter a tremendou
28、s hurt, we should move on.2. as adj./adv. as sb. can=as adj./adv. as possible 尽可能的.3. 注意宾语从句的时态，如果主句是一般现在时态，从句可以是任何时态，如果主句是一般过去时态，从句必须是相应的过去时态。Im not sure if he will come. If he comes, I will call you. They heard that a meeting would be held in the exhibition center this afternoon. They had just had
29、 enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle.1. had just .when. 刚刚.就就.2. have enough time to do something有充分的时间做某事有充分的时间做某事enough （1）adv. 足足够够地地 放形容词之后放形容词之后Your work is not good enough .（2） adj. 足足够够的的 放名词之前放名词之前I didnt buy enough sugar .3. swim out of danger摆脱危险摆脱危险4.
30、complete=finish完成完成On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably.1. on this occasion=this time 这一次vOn this occasion, we will not let her off.2. slow down减速-speed up加速3. considerably adv. 很、颇、相当considerable （1） adj. 相当多的;相当大的It is a considerable sum of money.They have given the plan cons
31、iderable attention.A considerable number of people object to the governments attitude to immigration.（2） adj. 重要的,令人尊重的v The mayor is a considerable manThe petrol had nearly all been used up.1. had all been used up 过去完成时态的被动语态 基本结构：had been done(p.p) nearly=almost几乎2. use up 耗尽，用光，用完Since they have
32、just bought a house and a car, they must have used up all their money.up表示“彻底地，完全地”，也可与其他一些动词连用：vThe child soon ate up the cake.vShe burned up all his letters.vCan you read up the book in two hours?Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.1. befor
33、e long 没过多久 long before 很久以前2. drop vi. 减少，变弱，消失When he saw that Mary was annoyed, his voice dropped.3. drift gently across the water 缓慢地飘在水面上roar past them-drift gently across the waterconsiderable difference【Special Difficulties】Enough and Fairlyenough表示表示“足够足够”，用在形容词或副词之后，有，用在形容词或副词之后，有“为了某种目的为了某
34、种目的”的的含义含义 Im old enough to know Im doing. I didnt arrive at the station early enough. 我到车站我到车站到得不够早（我误了火车）。到得不够早（我误了火车）。fairly表示表示“相当相当”，放在形容词之前。，放在形容词之前。 The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in. He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.The end完成课后练习题完成课后练习题
