（2019）新人教版高中英语必修第一册高一初高衔接课程ppt课件(全册4份打包).rar

句子成分和句子种类基本概念/各种分类/简单用法Where there is a will, there is a way.To be or not to be, this is a question.句子成分1句子种类2CONTENTSPART1句 子 成 分memberofsentence主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语01句子的主人主语02表达主语动作状态谓语03宾语05句子成分040706动作行为的对象定语修饰名词或代词说明动作或状态特征状语补语补充说明表语表达主语具体情况主语1subject,是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当担任。一般位于句首。一个句子的老大Theyaregoodfriends.代词Threeisenough.数词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Fishingisallowed.动名词Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Studentsstudy.名词Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化形容词 Where is subject?找 出 主 语1 Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.234Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.Hegetsupearlyeveryday.5 Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.6 Swimmingismyhobby.Exercise1.Marywithhertwodaughters_goingtoShanghaifor Explo 2010 nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2._moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3._isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.Theyit做形式主语，真正的主语在后面 动词不能作主语 YES OR NO?不能作主语Do exercise is good for your health.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.谓语2predicate，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面，通常有简单谓语和复合谓语。表达主语动作状态Thelittlegirldanceswell.动词Theplane took offat10oclock.动词短语WeloveChina.动词简单谓语谓语2表达主语动作状态Youmust stay athome.情态动词+动词Shelooksbeautiful.系动词+表语Mysisteris cryingoverthere.系动词+表语复合谓语Hehas caught abadcold.助动词+V过分由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词构成，或由系动词加表语构成，系动词单独不作谓语找谓语whereispredicate?Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.Helookedaftertwoboys.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday. 祈 使 句 谓 语SOMETHING YOU MUST NOTICEOpen thedoor,please!Go and getsomewaterforme!Dontlaugh atothers!Dontcome back latetonight.省略主语you&谓语动词用原形Exercise1.Itisdifficultforme_somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends_toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone3._upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4._upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good宾语3object，表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。Heoftenhelpsme.代词Givemefourplease.数词IlikeMusic.名词宾语3Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook. 动名词Hewantstodreamanicedream. 不定式Ithinkyouareright.从句Iaminterestedinmusic.介词宾语I give you a penI order you to study 主主谓谓宾宾宾宾补youapen双宾两者中间无联系宾补两者有联系，只能是“你”学习I made you my assistant I keep the room warm宾补宾补动作身份状态宾语补足语：只补充说明宾语的动作、身份、状态。双宾VS宾补12区别动作身份状态34圈出宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCAABCBCADBCCDBAABCD定语4attribute,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后修饰名词或代词thebeautifulgirltheuglygirlthegirlwho is beautifulthegirlwho is uglyTomsfatherdidntcomebackhomeuntilyesterday名词所有格Emmaisabeautiful girl.形容词Sheisawomanworker.名词Ihave5books 数词Thisisher first tripto Switzerland.形代/序数词/不定式定语定语Ihavenothingto eat.不定式Itisaswimmingpool.动名词Thegirlwith long hairismysister.介词短语Heistheboywho dances bestinmyclass.从句 寻 找 定 语 1.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.2.Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.DABCDABC3.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.4.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.5.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.ADBCEADBCEADBC状语5adverbial,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。说明动作或状态特征Heiswritingwith a pen. 介词短语To make his dream come true,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.不定式Heisintheroommaking a model plane.分词短语Waitaminute 名词Once you begin,youmustcontinue.从句Lighttravelsmost quickly.副词及副词性词组状语5说明动作或状态特征MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.地点状语Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.原因状语Hediditcarefully.方式状语Wellsendacartofetchyou.目的状语Ifhegoes,sowillI.条件状语Howaboutmeetingagainatsix.时间状语Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.让步状语Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴随状语Hewassotiredthathefellasleep.结果状语Iamtallerthanheis.比较状语 找出状语JUST HAVE A TRYTherewasabigsmileonherface.Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.DACBDACBDACB补语6complement,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用补充说明宾语情况Theresultmademeangry. 形容词Letthefreshairin.副词Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.名词补语6补充说明宾语情况Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.动词不定式Wesawherenteringtheroom.现在分词Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.介词短语Isawhimgoingupstairs.现在分词Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.过去分词找出宾补1.TheycallmeLilysometimes.ACBD2.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.4.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.EACBDACBDEACBDE表语7predicative,系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。表达主语具体情况Isityours? 代词Theweatherhasturnedcold.形容词Myfatherisaprofessor.名词Timeisup.Theclassisover.副词Threetimessevenistwenty one.数词Themeetingisof great importance.介词短语表语7系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。表达主语具体情况Hishobbyisplayingfootball. 动名词Thespeechisexciting.分词HisjobistoteachEnglish.不定式Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.从句找出表语1.Everythinglooksnice.ACB2.Hisfaceturnedred.3.Theyareathomenow.4.Seeingisbelieving.ACBDACBDACB句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！Exercise1._willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow2.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold3.Theappletasted_.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.late C.latest D.latter5.Theactor_attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dyingExercise6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.A.crowd B.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.thatD.thatis9.Thedog_mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.whenC.inwhichD.wherePART2句 子 种 类 typeofsentence1一、按句子的语气分类肯定句否定句2疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句3祈使句肯定祈使句否定祈使句4感叹句what引导how引导陈述句01 陈述句 Whats the declarative sentence ?陈述句是用来说明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子，读时用降调eg.Sheisagoodstudent.Wearegoingtodoourhomework.陈述句的肯定形式1.主语+系动词+表语 Theflowerisbeautiful.2.主语+谓语动词 Theteachersmiled.3.主语+谓语动词+宾语 Ilikesingingasong.4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 IloveyoumydearMum.陈述句的否定形式1.主语+be动词+not+其他 Youarentagoodstudent.2.主语+助动词（do）+not+实意动词+其他Shedoesntlikefruit.3.主语+情态动词+not+实意动词+其他Youshouldntstayupsolate.4.否定的缩写形式 isnot=isntarenot=arentwasnot=wasntwerenot=werentdonot=dontdoesnot=doesntdidnot=didntwillnot=wontExercise1.Shedoesherhomeworkereryevening.(改为否定句）2.WedonthaveanylessonsonSunday.（改为肯定句）3.Youareathomenow.(改为否定句）4.HeisgoingtovisitthefarmnextFriday.（改为否定句）5.Youwontgetfatter.（改为肯定句）6.Hedidntcomehomeontime.(改为肯定句）Shedoesntherhomeworkereryevening.WehaveanylessonsonSundayYouarenotathomenowHe isntgoingtovisitthefarmnextFriday.Youwill getfatter.He camehomeontime02 疑问句一般疑问句fIs?fAre?fWas?fWere?fDo?fDid?fDoes?fCan?一般疑问句的回答只能用Yes或No.be动词情态动词助动词1.ThisisAmysbike.(一般疑问句）IsthisAmysbike?2.DidyougotoBeijinglastweekend?Yes,Idid.(肯定回答）No,Ididnt.(否定回答)Yes,thisis.(肯定回答）No,thisisnt.（否定回答）3.Ihavesomebooks.(一般疑问句）Doyouhaveanybooks?特殊疑问句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：When什么时间(问时间)Who谁(问人)Where在哪里(问地点)Which哪一个(问选择)Why为什么(问原因)What什么(问东西、事物)How 怎样(问方式、手段，程度、情况等)Mike: _arewegoingtostayinHarbin?Mum: InGrandmasbighouse.Mike: _doesGrandmalikeeating?Mum: Shelikeseggsverymuch.Mike: _seasonisthebesttimetoHarbin?Mum: Winter.Mike: _?Mum: Becausewecanmakeasnowmanthere.Mike: _arewegoingtothisyear?Mum:wewillgotoHarbin.Mike: _arewegoingtoHarbin?Mum: On10thOctomber.Mike: _doyougotothere?Mum: Byplane.WhereWhyWhatWhereWhenWhichHowExercise1.S:_didyougolastSunday?T:Iwenttothelibrary.AWhenBWhereCWhatDWho2.Amy:_boughtthenewbikeforyou?Mike:Myfather.AHowBWhereCWhatDWho3.S:Wasthisbookinthedesk?T:_AYes,itis.BNo,itwasCYes,itwasntDNo,itwasnt4.S:_heavyisJohn?T:Heis42kg.AHowBWhatCWhoDWhere选择疑问句选择疑问句表示提供两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的范围和对象内选择。备选对象用or连接，or后面用降调，句末用问号。结构A.一般疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?B.特殊疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:WhenwillyougotoCanada,SundayorMonday?选择疑问句的回答1.从备选答案中选择某一项回答。-Areyougoingtoborrowadictionaryoramagazine?-_.A.Yes,adictionary.No,amagazine.Amagazine.Yes,both.2.选择对象是二者，可二选一就用肯定的either；两个都可以选表示肯定的both；两个对象都不选就用表示否定的neither。-Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles?-_.Iliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None3.备选对象是三者,可任选其一时，就用one of them；三个对象都选就用all;三个对象都不选就用none.-Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee,waterorjuice?-_.Ionlyliketea.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.NoneItscold,_?isnt itYes,itis.Theyareplayingfootball,_?arenttheyYes,theyare.TheywerentinthezoolastSunday,_?No,theywerent.Theywenttothemountains.were theyItrainedheavilyyesterday,_?didnt itYes,itdid.1.Sheisastudent,isntshe?2.WespeakChinese,dontwe?当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。反意疑问句结构一： 前肯，+ 后否eg.Sheisastudent,isntshe?结构二： 前否，+ 后肯eg.Sheisntastudent,isshe?反意疑问句的解答步骤1. 判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；Sheisagirl,1.判定：前句为肯定，后句为否定2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt3.换代，主语是she,则不变isntshe?2. 找动（找句子的助动词：be用be,动词原形do，三单does，过 去did，完成have）；3. 换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；2. 找动（找句子的助动词）be动词情态动词助动词have1.Shewillleave, wontshe?2.Iwasill, wasntI?3.Hehasboughtacar, hasnthe?4.Shelikesred, doesntshe?5.IamChinese, arentI?小尾巴结构动（nt）+主必缩写人称主格does1.Lilycanplayfootball,2.TomwillvisitChinanextmonth,3.Youdbetterliedownandhavearest,4.Youcantgoout,情态动词当have在完成时中或“Youhadbetter”中时，也当情态动词变。cantshe?Wonthe?Hadntyou?Canyou?be动词1.Itsaniceday,2.TheGreenswereathomelastnight,3.Benisntabedboy,4.Tomisskating,Isntit?Werentthey?Ishe?Isnthe?前肯后否前否后肯There is/are/will be, isnt/arent/wont there？1.Thereisapenonthechair,2.Thereare60studentsinourclass,3.Therewillbeabirthdaypartytomorrow,isntthere?arentthere?wontthere?Therebehave完成时Have/havent,has/hasnt,had/hadnt1.YouhavebeentoBeijing, haventyou?2.Hehasfinishedhishomework, hasnthe?要变反义疑问句，谨记动词加主语；前后肯否不统一，人代主格there beExercise1.Thereislittlemilkintheglass,_?A.isntitB.isntthereC.isthereD.isit2.Thereareafewpeopleintheroom,_?A.arethereB.arentthereC.aretheyD.arentthey3.Shesalreadyback.,_?AdoesntsheBisntsheChasntsheDhasshe4.ThetallmanoverthereisntournewEnglishteacher,_?A.isheB.isthereC.isntheD.isntthere1.找到动词2.判断肯否、时态及助动词3.主语照抄（若是名词 便改为代词主格形式）TinaspeaksEnglishwell, Doesntshe?1.找到动词是speaks2.判断：肯定、一般现在时助动词用does3.主语：（tina是名词女名则改为she)助动词Exercise1.Mymotherhastostayathometolookaftermygrandma,_?A.hasntsheB.hasntmymotherC.doesntsheD.doesntmymother2.Itrainedhardlastnight,_?A.doesitB.diditC.doesntitD.didntit3.Lucydidntcometoschoolyesterday,_?A.didsheB.didntsheC.dossheD.doesntshe4.Youhavetokeepquietwhilewatchingthefilm,_you?A.haventB.dontC.didntD.will其他（1）当陈述部分有never，seldom(很少),hardly(几乎不)，few，little，nothing(没有)等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式1.Theyhavenevervisitedhishome,2.Therearefewapplesinthebasket3.Hecanhardlyswim4.Ithasnolegs5.Thereis littlewaterintheglass6.Theyseldomcomelatehavethey?,arethere?,canhe?,doesit?,isthere?,dothey?7.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy, ishe？Exercise1.TheyhaveneverbeentoAmerica,_?A.havetheyB.haventtheyC.donttheyD.dothey2.Thereislittlemilkintheglass,_?A.isntitB.isntthereC.isthereD.isit3.Thereareafewpeopleintheroom,_?A.arethereB.arentthereC.aretheyD.arentthey4.Theyseldomthinkaboutthepeople,_?A.dotheyB.donttheyC.aretheyD.arentthey5.Hehardlyhasanyfriendstoplaywith,_he?_!Thatswhyhefeelslonelyfromtimetotime.A.hasnt,NoB.doesnt,YesC.does,YesD.does,No其他（2）祈使句在祈使句后面附加问句，以加强语气或使祈使句听起来较委婉、客气1.Sitdownplease,_?2.Pleasecallme,_?3.Letsgohome,_?4.Letusgohome,_?5.Dontleavenow,_?will / wont youshall we will you will youwill / wont you其他（3）let当为”letus（你让我们）”时疑问句为“willyou”前五后四当为”lets（让我们）”时疑问句为“shallwe”前四后五1.Letsgotopark,2.Letusdohomework.Shallwe?Willyou?其他（4）回答不管肯定否定，只抓信息点，是否吻合。1.Tom18岁Yes,heisTomisnt18yearsold,ishe?2.Tom不是中国人No,heisnt.TomisChinese,isnhe?去掉动词，如实回答其他（5）主语是everyone,someone,anyone,noone,nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用they或he指代1.Everyoneinyourfamilyisfondofswimming,arentthey?你们全家都喜欢游泳，是吗？2.Anyonecandothat,_?3.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,_?4.Nooneknowsaboutit,_?canttheyarenttheydothey其他（6）主语是everything,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用it指代。1.Nothingisimportantforhim,isit?2.Somethingiswrongwithyourcomputer,_?3.Everythingisreadyforthetest,_?isnt itisnt it其他（7）陈述部分是感叹句1.Whatacleverboy,_?2.Howrudetheboyis,_?isntheisnthe其他（8）如果陈述部分的主语是this/that或these/those,反义疑问句的主语就用it或they.1.Thisisveryeasy,_?2.TheseareyourfriendsTomandTim_?isntitarentthey其他（9）如果陈述部分是一个主从复合句，反义疑问句部分就看主句部分，但如果陈述部分的主语是I，谓语动词是think/suppose/believe/expect,反义疑问句部分就要看从句部分了。1.ShesaysthatIdidit,_?2.Idontthinkshecares,_?doesntshedoesshe主肯后否，主否后肯，从句选词Exercise1.-Letsgoshopping,_?-Ok,letsgo.A.doyouB.dontyouC.willyouD.shallwe2.Rose,wewillstartatsixtomorrowmorning.Dontbelate,_?_,IllbethereontimeA.wontyou;Yes,IwillB.willyou;Yes,IwillC.willyou;No,IwontD.wontyou,No,Iwont3.IdontthinkdroppinglitterisallowedinYellowRiverPark,_?A.doIB.isitC.isntitD.dontI4.Hesnevertoldlies,_he?_,hesanhonestboy.A.is,NoB.isnt,YesC.has,NoD.hasnt,Yes03 祈使句Turn left!Turn right!Dont smoke!No smoking!Dont park your car!Dont play football!Dont eat!定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末一般使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。1.Goandwashyourhands.去洗你的手。2.Buymeatoy,please./Pleasebuymeatoy.请给我买个玩具。3.Bekindtooursister.对我们的妹妹要和善。4.Watchyoursteps.走路小心。5.Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草坪。命令请求劝告警告禁止祈使句是个句子祈使句无主语，动原开头要牢记，表示命令或建议；否定祈使句，Dont 开头就可以Beagoodboy!Buymeatoycar!肯定形式否定形式1.Be型：系动词原形be+表语+其他3.Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他2.Do型：行为动词的原形+宾语+其他1.Be型：Dont+be+表语+其他2.Do型：Dont+行为动词+宾语+其他3.Let型：1)Dont+let+宾语（第三人称）+动词原形+其他2)Let+宾语（第一、三人称）+not+动词原形+其他Lethimgo!Dontbelateforschool!Dontbuymeatoycar!Dontlethimgo!Lethimnotgo!Letsnotgo!4.有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!Nofishing!祈使句表现形式考点所有的祈使句的反义疑问句都是willyou,只有letsgo这种类型的是shallwe？注意考点考点句子转化Whatcanmakeyouhappy?_,andyouwillbehappy.A.SmilesB.SmileC.SmilingD.Tosmile连词 +句子句子+_canmakeyouhappy.C1)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillgetahighmark._,_youwillgetahighmark.2)Ifyoudontstudyhard,youwillfailtheexam._youstudyhard,youwillfailtheexam.Studyhard,_youwillfailtheexam.StudyhardandUnlessorExercise1.Jim,_meahand.A.givesB.isgivingC.willgiveD.give2._careful,Jenny!Thereisatreeinfrontofyou.A.AmB./C.BeD.Was3.Lets_ourtime.A.notwasteB.nowastingC.nottowasteD.nowaste4._higher,andyouwillseethehouse.OK.A.IfyoustandB.TostandC.WhenyoustandD.Stand5.Please_doit.A.heB.lethimC.letheD.him6._letanyoneopenthedoor.A.DontB.WillC.NotD.No04 感叹句(thequeenofhearts红心皇后)AstrangewomanSheisastrangewoman.Whatastrangewomansheis!她是一个多么奇怪的人啊AtallgirlAliceisaverytallgirl.WhatatallgirlAliceis!Whatatall girlAliceis!Whatastrange womansheis!Whatfat boys theyare!What +(a/an) + adj.(形容词) +n.(名)+主+谓！Find out the rule!用户可以在投影仪或者计算机上可以将演示文稿打印出来制作成胶片What a beautiful flower _ _ !What cold weather _ _ !What an exciting film _ _ !What lovely birds _ _ !it is it isit isthey are主语+谓语noun phrase名词短语What_主语谓语！单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词Alicerunsfast.HowfastAliceruns!Thequeenshairisverywhite.Howwhitethequeenshairis!HowfastAliceruns!Howwhitethequeenshairis!Howcrazytherabbitis!How +adj./adv.(形容词/副词)+主语+谓语！Find out the rule!用Whathow填空1._fast!2._afastcar!3._fastcars!4._coldwater!5._muchwat