1、8次读后续写（2016.10，2017.6，2017.11，2018.6，2020.1，2020.7，2021.1，2021.6）2次概要写作（2018.11，2019.6）考续写可能性较大；考概要写作可能性较小考概要平均分相对较低，140以上高分较少同一届两次作文形式保持一致可能性较大读后续写与概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）拉泼夫叙事模式 拉波夫是美国语言学家，是社会语言学的代表人物之一，他提出了源于社会语言学的叙事语篇模式。 拉波夫把完整的叙事结构分为点题、指向、进展、评议、结局、回应六个部分。 “点题”即概
2、括故事大意，强调用一句话概括故事发生了什么，并引发读者的阅读兴趣，“点题”除了出现在文章首段，也通常是文章的标题; “指向”是故事的时间、地点、人物及背景，是对事件发生的铺垫，而不是事件本身; “进展”是按事件的先后顺序呈现的内容，也占据了文章最大的篇幅; “评议”渗透在全文中，是作者或故事中人物对事件的看法和态度，可以用来制造悬念，提高读者的阅读兴趣，增强故事的感染力; “结局”是故事的完结，但并不是所有的记叙文都有结局; “回应”是故事与现实生活连接的纽带，是故事对读者的启迪或意义，其作用是点明主旨，升华主题。值得注意的是，并不是所有记叙文都包含了以上六个要素，缺少一个或两个是十分常见的。
3、 拉波夫认为：“一个完整的叙事模式以点题和指向开始，以进展为主体，用评议烘托气氛，以结局结束情节，最后用回应将读者拉回现实。1. 本试题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2. 评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整，最后给分。3. 词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： （1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度； （2）内容的丰富性和对所标出的关键词语的应用情况； （3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性； （4）上下文的连贯性。5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予
4、以考虑。6. 如书写较差一致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。档 次描 述第五档（21-25分）与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理；内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第四档（16-20分）与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理；内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达；比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。第三档（11-15分）与所给短文关
5、系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接；写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。第二档（6-10分）与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头有一定程度的衔接；写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语；语法结构单调，词汇有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义表达；较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。第一档（1-5分）与所给短文和开头语的衔接较差；产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语；语法结构单调，词汇有限，有较多语法结
6、构和词汇方面的错，严重影响了意义表达；缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。u与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理；u内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语；u所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达；u有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。 On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his frie
7、nds. One of his friends had to stop to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday Then Mac he
8、ard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, thats a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him Macs heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at t
9、he wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Macs bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart t
10、he chase (追赶) Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, hed be easy caught up and the wolfs teeth would be tearing into his flesh At this moment, Paul and Becky were driv
11、ing their car on their way to Alaska. They didnt think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac hea
12、rd a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语 paragraph 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. paragraph 2: A few minutes later, the ot
13、her two cyclists arrived. 时间 when地点 where人物 who起因 reason经过 process结果 resultJuly afternoonfrom his home to Alaska Mac & 2 friends, Paul & BeckyA wolf was following?Mac A primary school teachercycling along the road alonea wolf following himhappy and excitedFrightened and worriedPaul and Becky driving
14、Paragraph 1Paragraph 21. 合乎人物性格及故事发展逻辑2. 结局圆满，弘扬正能量3. 注意字数，两段尽量平均分配Paragraph 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. “Come on, get in the car.” Paul shouted and opened the door. Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without hesitation as the wolf was about to tear him into pieces. What
15、a narrow escape! The wolf was gone. Though Mac was safe, he still felt the dread stopping the passage of air into his lung, and his legs trembling. After a few minutes, he suddenly shouted, “Oh my God, my friends are still repairing the bicycle” Being enormously worried, they decided to wait for the
16、m at the spot. Paragraph 2: A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. “Thank God, its nice to see you again. Did you see it?” Mac held his two friends tightly in arms. “I spotted a big dog running on the road when I was riding, and then I figured out it was a wolf.” Then Mac said in a rel
17、axing tone, “Without their help, I would be the dinner of the wolf, so dont let me pedal alone again!” They all laughed about the accident, then got back on road. How Mac missed his wife and children! He couldnt wait to share this exciting experience with them.Paragraph 1: The car abruptly stopped i
18、n front of him. “Get into the car!” yelled Paul, opening the door for him. Mac jumped off the bicycle, threw himself into the car and shut the door immediately. “Thank you so much!” Mac was almost out of breath. Just at that moment, the wolf appeared, showing its shining sharp teeth at them. The thr
19、ee in the car were wondering what to do next when the wolf began tearing the bicycle and the things tied to it.Paragraph 2: A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Obviously Macs friends also realized what was happening and armed themselves with sticks and stones, ready to fight. The fu
20、rious creature ducked its head, glaring at them with burning eyes. Suddenly, a sharp honk blew and all the car lights flashed violently. The animal was finally frightened and fled away. It was Paul who pressed the buttons in the car! Having expressed their appreciation, Mac and his friends waved goo
21、d-bye to the two kind young people. Now Mac could hardly wait to return home and tell his family the thrilling story.必须根据所给段落的段首句，构思故事情节的发展，两个段首句要兼顾。不可生搬硬套，避免衔接不当，过渡不自然。Paragraph 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. “Come on, get in the car.” Paul shouted and opened the door.Paragraph 1: The
22、 car abruptly stopped in front of him. “Get into the car!” yelled Paul, opening the door for him. Version 1Version 2必须根据所给段落的段首句，构思故事情节的发展，两个段首句要兼顾。不可生搬硬套，避免衔接不当，过渡不自然。Paragraph 2: A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. “Thank God, its nice to see you again. Did you see it?” Mac held h
23、is two friends tightly in arms.Paragraph 2: A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Obviously Macs friends also realized what was happening and armed themselves with sticks and stones, ready to fight.Version 1Version 2功能举 例时间first of all, next, then, later, at that time/moment, suddenly
24、, all of a sudden, before long, afterwards, in the end, at last, eventually转折 but, however, on the contrary, nevertheless, instead, unfortunately因果 because, since, thanks to, owing to, as a result of, for the reason that让步 though, although, even if/though, despite, in spite of the fact that条件 if, un
25、less, as long as, on condition that, only if首先推荐使用名词，根据往年的阅卷反馈，名词单复数变化和动词时态变化可计入下划线词；但是词性变化不计入下划线词Mac; Paul; bicycle; wolf; friends; home; car; climb jump; pedal一定不要忘记在续写文中用下划线标出所使用的关键词。一定不要忘记在续写文中用下划线标出所使用的关键词。语法被动强调倒装省略虚拟It用法非谓句子主句祈使句简单句并列句功能结构复合句疑问句感叹句从句状从定从名从陈述句定语从句状语从句名词性从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时间，地点，
26、原因，条件，让步，结果，目的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without hesitation as the wolf was about to tear him into pieces.Though Mac was safe, he still felt the dread stopping the passage of air into his lung, and his legs trembling. The three in the car were wondering what to
27、 do next when the wolf began tearing the bicycle and the things tied to it.“I spotted a big dog running on the road when I was riding, and then I figured out it was a wolf.”“I spotted a big dog that/which was running on the road when I was riding, and then I figured out it was a wolf.”The three in t
28、he car were wondering what to do next when the wolf began tearing the bicycle and the things tied to it.The three who were in the car were wondering what to do next when the wolf began tearing the bicycle and the things that were tied to it.Macs friends also realized what was happening and armed the
29、mselves with sticks and stones, ready to fight. “I spotted a big dog running on the road when I was riding, and then I figured out it was a wolf.”How Mac missed his wife and children!It was Paul who pressed the buttons in the car!Without their help, I would be the dinner of the wolf.感叹句强调句虚拟句The fur
30、ious creature ducked its head, glaring at them with burning eyes.The wolf appeared, showing its shining sharp teeth at them.Mac jumped off the bicycle, threw himself into the car and shut the door immediately. “Get into the car!” yelled Paul, opening the door for him.连续动作有先后顺序不宜使用非谓语动词又累又困，他很快就入睡了。B
31、ecause he was tired and sleepy, he fell asleep quickly.He was tired and sleepy and fell asleep quickly.Tired and sleepy, he fell asleep quickly.形容词做原因状语Eric 终于到了山顶，饥饿而又兴奋Eric finally reached the top of the mountain, and he was hungry but excited.形容词做结果状语Eric finally reached the top of the mountain,
32、hungry but excited.Mary 迷失在森林里，她坐在一棵树下，充满恐惧与绝望。Mary was lost in the forest, so she sat under a tree and was full of fear and despair.形容词短语做原因状语Mary was lost in the forest, so she sat under a tree, full of fear and despair.Lost in the forest, Mary sat under a tree, full of fear and despair.形容词短语做伴随状语
33、他赢得了比赛，他的父母很开心。He won the match and made his parents delighted.He won the match, making his parents delighted.现在分词短语做结果状语Tom 被老师责骂，一下子哭了出来。Tom was scolded by the teacher and he burst out crying.Scolded by the teacher, Tom burst out crying.过去分词短语做原因状语走了很长一段时间后，她发现自己迷路了。After walking for quite a long
34、time, she found herself lost.After she walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost.She had walked for quite a long time and found herself lost.现在分词完成式做时间状语Smith 先生出去散步，灯还亮着Mr. Smith went out for a walk and the light was still on.Mr
35、. Smith went out for a walk with the light still on.With复合结构做结果状语她从屋里冲了出来，泪水模糊了眼睛。She rushed out of the room and tears blurred her eyes.She rushed out of the room with tears blurring her eyes.With复合结构做伴随状语女孩从屋里冲了出来，泪水模糊了眼睛。The girl rushed out of the room and tears blurred her eyes.Out of the room ru
36、shed the girl, with tears blurring her eyes.全部倒装直到第二天早上他才醒过来。He didnt wake up until the next morning.Not until the next morning did he wake up.部分倒装他很难过He was so sad.u 具体而非笼统u 呈现而非说教u 下义词而非上义词He stood there in low spirits.He stood there with his head drooping.With his head drooping, he stood there, t
37、ears rolling down his cheeks.她怒视着我She looked at me angrily.u 具体而非笼统u 呈现而非说教u 下义词而非上义词She glared at me.She glared at me with burning eyes.She turned around, firing her burning eyes at me.Tom said, “”“,” said Tom. (he said.)“,” said Tom, “”“,” said the man, who“,” said the man, v-ing“,” said the man,
38、独立主格askedsighedgroanedwhisperedmurmuredcried“,” said the man, who“,” said the man, v-ing“,” said the man, with 复合结构“Get out!”, shouted the man, who pointed to the doorway，with his eyes burning.“出去！” 男人怒吼着，手指着门口，眼里充满怒火。“Get out!”, shouted the man, pointing to the doorway，with his eyes burning.“”, said the man, who“”, said the man, v-ing“”, said the man, with 复合结构“Get out!”, shouted the man, who pointed to the doorway，with his eyes burning.“出去！” 男人怒吼着，手指着门口，眼里充满怒火。“Get out!”, shouted the man, pointing to the doorway，with his eyes burning.
